Transverse Anomalies Research Articles

Transverse Malocclusions: Etiology, Development, Diagnosis and Treatment

Malocclusions that involve the transverse dimension are very common in the orthodontic office. They can be as simple as a crossbite of the posterior teeth or as severe as a Class III malocclusion with a mandibular asymmetry. Transverse malocclusions can vary from being a simple dento-alveolar problem to a more complex challenge as represented by a skeletal asymmetry that has developed after puberty and causing temporomandibular disorder (TMD) problems. In this review we shall address the most common types of transverse malocclusions and review their etiology and development. The most typical etiology of transverse anomalies will be discussed, and we will suggest diagnostic criteria to differentiate the individual malocclusions. We shall also introduce a frontal cephalometric analysis that relates to the anterior part of the face helping to differentiate between dento-alveolar and skeletal transverse malocclusions as well as determine the presence of dento-alveolar compensations. Furthermore, we shall suggest possible treatment approaches and the best timing of treatment for the most common types of transverse malocclusion. Finally, we shall present several cases with more unusual etiology including a case with mandibular asymmetry due to an anterior disc displacement of temporomandibular joint. A case with Class III malocclusion with mandibular overjet caused by maxillary stenosis will also be presented. Furthermore, we will show an example of a late developing mandibular asymmetry which is not an uncommon problem and document a case of excess mandibular growth with mandibular asymmetry and Class III malocclusion combined with posterior crossbite. This review will also address considerations that may affect the post treatment stability.

Ideal treatment timing of orthodontic anomalies-aGerman clinical S3 practice guideline.

PurposeIdeal treatment timing in orthodontics is controversially discussed depending on the type and extent of the dysgnathia and malocclusion present, especially with regard to efficiency, patient burden and treatment efforts of early compared to regular or late treatment. This German clinical practice guideline aims to clarify, at which time points an orthodontic anomaly can be effectively treated and how treatment efficiency differs depending on treatment timing.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in various guideline databases and databases PROSPERO, MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform according to a predefined PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes with added qualitative search terms) search algorithm and strategy. Appraisal of scientific evidence of the individual studies checked for eligibility was carried out according to SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network), AMSTAR II (Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systemic Reviews), and AXIS (Appraisal Tool to Assess the Quality of Cross-sectional Studies) tools. Only controlled studies with a high, acceptable or moderate quality (and thus an acceptable risk of bias) were considered.ResultsA total of 309 studies of over 11,000 sources screened were identified to be eligible for inclusion and critically appraised for study quality and risk-of-bias. No relevant guidelines relating to the aims of the present guideline were found. Elected delegates of in total 21 German scientific societies and organizations agreed upon a total of 19 evidence-based statements and recommendations based on a nominal consensus process.ConclusionsAlthough most malocclusions can be effectively treated both in the early, late mixed, and permanent dentition, evidence suggests that therapy of a pronounced skeletal or dental class II anomaly can be started early to reduce the risk of dental anterior tooth trauma, whereas in a moderate class II anomaly, therapy can preferably be carried out before or during the pubertal growth peak. Therapy of a skeletal or dental class III anomaly should be started early, as this also reduces the need for later surgery to correct the anomaly. The treatment of a pronounced skeletal or dental transverse anomaly should be started early in the upper jaw in order to utilize the high adaptivity of the maxillary structures in young patients.Supplementary InformationThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00056-022-00409-3) contains supplementary information—the German translation of the article, supplementary tables and references—which is available to authorized users.

Beyond symmetries: Anomalies in transverse Ward-Takahashi identities

Anomalies in transverse Ward--Takahashi identities are studied, allowing discussion of the feasibility of anomalies arising in general non-symmetry Ward--Takahashi identities. We adopt the popular Fujikawa's method and rigorous dimensional renormalization to verify the existence of transverse anomalies to one-loop order and any loop order, respectively. The arbitrariness of coefficients of transverse anomalies is revealed, and a way out is also proposed after relating transverse anomalies to Schwinger terms and comparing symmetry and non-symmetry anomalies. Papers that claim the non-existence of transverse anomalies are reviewed to find anomalies hidden in their approaches. The role played by transverse anomalies is discussed.

Electric field induced modulation of transverse resistivity anomalies in ultrathin SrRuO3 epitaxial films

Electric field induced modulation of transverse resistivity anomalies in ultrathin <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>SrRu</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> epitaxial films

Transverse anomalies and Dyson–Schwinger equation in QED3 and QED2 theories

Based on the method of computing the curl of vector, axial-vector and the tensor current operator equations, the possible quantum anomaly for the transverse Ward–Takahashi relations in QED3 and QED2 theories is studied. The absence of transverse anomalies for both axial-vector current in QED2 theory and vector (tensor) current in QED3 theory are verified respectively. Further, it is found that when we ignore the contribution of the three integral-term involving the vertex function in the Wilson line, we can get a set of closed coupled integral Dyson–Schwinger equations in QED3.

The Facial Soft Tissue Effects of Orthognathic Surgery.

AbstractOrthognathic surgery is undertaken to correct anteroposterior, vertical, and transverse anomalies of the maxilla and mandible. Surgery has significant effects on the overlying soft tissue envelope. Some of these effects are beneficial while others may be detrimental to facial aesthetics. This review aims to update the reader on what soft tissue changes occur following orthognathic surgery to the mandible and maxilla. It is important to anticipate the detrimental effects of orthognathic surgery as this will allow the patient to be warned about them before treatment and in some cases, adjunctive procedures may be planned to limit the unwanted changes.

Vertical fault systems in the tectonosphere geoelectrical section in petroliferous domains of Sakhalin Island (Russia) and Gulf of Tonkin (Vietnam): Evidence from magnetotelluric sounding

The transverse current anomalies evident from magnetotelluric sounding (MTS) data in the transition zone from the Asian continent to the Pacific Ocean and a geoelectrical model suitable for explaining these effects are discussed. Using simulation results and new MTS data on Sakhalin and northern Vietnam, ultra-deep fluid–fault system (UDFFS) models are constructed, comprising steeply dipping low-resistivity and high-resistivity linear bodies which penetrate through the whole section of the lithosphere, continuing deep into the asthenosphere. The structure of these systems reflects the development of deep and ultra-deep fault zones, along which mantle-originated fluids may migrate through sediments to reach the surface. This allows the anisotropic–conductive fractured structures adjacent to these faults to be considered as being most favorable for hydrocarbon accumulations.

Epidemiological Study of Laterognathia, Mandibular Deviation and Posterior Crossbite in Children Aged 7-17 Years from Plovdiv

To conduct an epidemiological study and find the prevalence of some transverse anomalies of occlusion in children aged 7-17 years from the region of Plovdiv; to determine the most appropriate time for early orthodontic treatment based on the results of the study. The study included 883 children from Plovdiv (7-17 years old). The children were studied by means of extraoral examination, a clinical examination of dental arches and occlusion and by doing a clinical test to assess mandibular displacement. The prevalences of mandibular deviation, laterognathia and posterior crossbite (unilateral or bilateral of single teeth or a group of teeth) were 30.4%, 1.02%, 10.53%, respectively. Our results are consistent with the results reported by other authors which indicate that these malocclusions cannot self-regulate and for this reason they should be subject to strict prevention and early treatment.

Path-Integral Derivation of the Transverse Axial Vector and Vector Anomalies in QED

It is shown that a novel anomaly associated with transverse Ward-Takahashi identity of axial vector current in QED is derived by using Fujikawa’s method in the path-integral formulation of quantum field theory. Also it is verified that there is no transverse anomaly for the vector current.

A note on transverse axial vector and vector anomalies in U(1) gauge theories

The transverse axial vector and vector anomalies in four-dimensional U(1) gauge theories studied in [Phys. Lett. B 507 (2001) 351] is reexamined by means of perturbative method. The absence of transverse anomalies for both axial vector and vector current is verified. We also show that the Pauli–Villars regularization and dimensional regularization gives the same result on the transverse anomaly of both axial vector and vector current.

Approche orthodontique des asymétries

From an orthodontic point of view, asymmetries can be gathered in three great clinical entities: mandibular lateral deviations, dental asymmetries without skeletal involvement, skeletal asymmetries. Once the therapeutic aims and the principles of the orthodontic approach of these dysmorphoses have been recalled, the authors present the various orthodontic means implemented in this type of treatment. Four cases treated illustrate those types of treatment. Vertical non-surgical asymmetry may have an obvious local origin, for instance, a unilateral damage to a nerve. but usually, there is no evident origin. Frequently the occlusal slippage of a severe sagittal or a vertical malformation, which may evolve as a borderline surgery case, is suspected to be the real cause. In these cases, the diagnosis is always late, with the ending growth. The treatment needs peculiar strong asymmetric mechanics and, sometimes, unilateral mixed extractions. The post-treatment occlusion can be unstable; for this reason, the finishing steps must be carefully conducted. Four clinical case reports develop these points ov view. Multidisciplinary treatments prove very useful to solve three types of clinical situations. In the adult patient, facial esthetics are indicated in severe dentofacial asymmetries. Esthetic improvements of dental nature are still required in deviated smiles, or frontal tippings of the occlusal plane. In addition, asymmetrical intermaxillary relationships will lead to functional anomalies: TMJ disorders, dental wear or lingual dysfunctions. Finally, multidisciplinary treatments in the adult concern the occlusal transverse anomalies, the lateral crossbites, the Class II subdivisions, the deviations of the inter-incisor midlines or unilateral edentulousness. The various plans of treatment, as well as the orthodontic mechanics used, are illustrated in the following development by clinical cases.

Congenital scalp and skull defects with terminal transverse limb anomalies (Adams-Oliver syndrome): Report of three additional cases

Aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp combined with terminal transverse limb defects (Adams-Oliver syndrome) is a rare congenital disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance. Thirty-one patients with the complete syndrome have been published. We report three additional patients (one mother and her affected child, one sporadic case) and discuss the probable vascular disruptive pathogenesis, the clinical variability and the treatment of this condition in the light of a comprehensive review of the literature.

Doing the Charleston bump

In this issue of The Oceanography Report, S. Narimousa and T. Maxworthy point out the similarity between standing lee waves in their tank experiments and the quasi‐stationary wavelike wake often found in the Gulf Stream downstream from the bottom feature known as the “Charleston Bump” (see the article “Laboratory Modeling of Coastal Upwelling’). The Bump is perhaps more accurately described as a ridge‐and‐trough transverse anomaly in the continental shelf topography, but the more colorful name seems to be permanently lodged in the literature. Singer et al. [1983] detail the history of the Charleston Bump and its effects on the hydrographic structure of the Gulf Stream in the Cape Romain region, and Brooks and Bane [1983] describe the structure of the wavelike meanders that form farther downstream.

D-band effects in the lattice dynamics of transition metal carbides

We present the first ab initio. calculation of the d-bandstructure contribution to the acoustic phonon frequencies of NbC. The results, obtained. by freezing in the lattice vibrations within the rigid muffin tin approximation, give anomalies in the longitudinal modes in agreement with experiment. The position of the 〈001〉 and 〈111〉 soft modes are sensitive to the band filling. The transverse anomalies are not explained by pure d-interactions, highlighting the importance of p- d hybridization in the carbides.