Provision Of Transport Infrastructure Research Articles

Does Density Foster Shorter Public Transport Networks? A Network Expansion Simulation Approach

One argument for containing urban densities is that cities need a critical population density to sustain sufficiently available public transportation. However, the question of whether denser cities foster shorter public transport networks empirically is problematic because real-world transport nets are a product of many additional factors presumably not related to urban form. This paper adopts a network expansion simulation approach to generate and analyze counterfactual data on network lengths for 36 world cities, in which all networks are generated with similar expansion restrictions and objectives. Denser cities are found to have shorter simulated public transport networks, regardless of the tested model parameters. This provides additional proof that densities are needed to facilitate the provision of proximate public transport infrastructure, with potentially self-reinforcing effects.

TINJAUAN KARAKTERISTIK ARUS LALU LINTAS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN 3 MODEL PADA JALAN LUAR KOTA (STUDI KASUS RUAS JALAN TGH LOPAN LABUAPI KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT)

The growth in the number of vehicles that is not proportional to the provision of transportation infrastructure will cause transportation problems. The number of these vehicles continues to increase, causing many complex problems. One way to overcome this problem is to understand traffic behavior by creating mathematical and graphical relationships between traffic flow (flow), speed and density.The research was carried out on the TGH Lopan Labuapi Road section, West Lombok Regency with the aim of finding out the relationship between volume, speed and density of traffic using 3 models, namely the Greenshields, Greenberg and Underwood models, so that the most suitable model among the three models can be identified and also to know traffic characteristics including maximum volume, free flow speed, optimum speed and optimum density.From the analysis results, the best model is the Greenshields model so that the speed-density relationship model (Us-D) is Us = -0.431 D + 54.394, flow-Density (V-D) is V = -0.430 D² + 54.393 D -0.019 and flow-speed (V-Us) is V = -2.326 Us² + 126.487 Us . Based on the best model, namely the Greenshields model, the traffic flow characteristics obtained are maximum volume (Vm) of 1719.92, free flow speed (Uf) = 54.3 km/hour, optimal speed (Um) = 27.1 km/hour and Optimum Density (Dm) = 63.2 pcu/km

COVID-19 Interventions in an informal settlement: A spatial analysis of accessibility in Kibera, Kenya

This paper introduces a methodology to explore pedestrian accessibility in informal settlements. This methodology is applied to pandemic intervention sites in Nairobi's Kibera area for 3.5 months (14 April to 31 July 2020) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Freely available transportation network data and open-source GIS software are utilised. Isochrones, areas of equal travel time, are calculated to assess pedestrian accessibility (walk times) from 30,231 Kibera structures to 138 COVID-19 stationary intervention sites. These sites aid in virus control, resource distribution, and COVID-related medical support. Travel times are determined considering different terrain slopes. Unequal access to intervention sites is observed due to indirect routes. Shortest walks (up to 21.5 min) are to handwashing and food distribution points, while longer walks (up to 61.5 min) are to interventions with fewer sites or localised clustering, such as baby product distribution. This simple accessibility analysis helps identify service gaps during crises, aiding planning authorities and communities. Our methodology offers insight into travel patterns in slums and has wider applicability to assess the relationships between transport infrastructure provision and resilience in informal settlements.

A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL COSTS OF ACCIDENTS

A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL COSTS OF ACCIDENTS

Logistics Innovations and Their Impact on the Development of Transportation Infrastructure in Europe: Future Prospects

The article critically analysed the advancements in logistics and their profound influence on the expansion of transportation infrastructure in Europe. Its core objective was to evaluate the extent to which contemporary technological advancements and digital solutions contribute to the enhancement of efficiency, safety, and sustainability within transportation systems. The work focused on analysing the key innovations such as automated transport management, the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the use of big data to determine how they contribute to infrastructure development and what challenges they pose. To achieve the article’s goal, the research was based on an integrated approach that included the analysis of secondary data such as academic articles, reports from government and industry organisations, and case studies. A quantitative analysis was also used in order to assess the impact of innovations on key performance indicators of transport infrastructure. The main methods were the comparative analysis, modeling and scenario analysis, which allowed assessing potential future trends and risks. The investigation was conducted by analyzing analytical reports from logistics companies, synthesising strategies for the development of transport infrastructure, and utilising contemporary scientific methodologies to establish logistics prowess. The use of scientific research methods in the article was determined in the context of the disclosure of key practices, trends and means of the functioning quality of the logistics networks improvement, chains supply and transport infrastructure, as a key source of economic development. The article analysed the theoretical concepts of innovations in logistics and the possibilities of their application in the modern business environment. Attention was paid to issues of applied strategic solutions based on the practice of developed countries, regarding the introduction of innovations in the provision of transport infrastructure and the possibility of its strengthening due to the automation of decisions and effective management. The paper presents the significant outcomes achieved through innovations in logistics and the implementation of logistics projects in Poland and other European countries. These nations have demonstrated active involvement in the development of exceptionally efficient logistics systems.

Exploring the heterogeneous impact of road infrastructure on rural residents’ income: Evidence from nationwide panel data in China

Countries have invested in transport infrastructure and public service in recent years to reduce rural poverty and income inequality. However, the effects of transport infrastructure on the residents with economic and educational disadvantages in rural areas are still under debate. In this paper, we investigate the impact of road infrastructure on the income of rural residents at the municipal level using data from the China Family Panel Survey (CFPS) from 2010 to 2018. By using the instrumental variable regression model, we found that rural residents' household incomes benefit from road infrastructure. Within income components, road infrastructure plays a role in improving rural residents’ wage and business income. Further comparing different rural resident groups, we found that rural residents with lower initial farming and business income benefit more from improved road infrastructure in terms of their farming and business income from 2010 to 2018. In addition, in poverty-stricken areas, rural residents with lower initial farming and business income benefit more from road infrastructure in improving their farming and business income. However, the household incomes of rural residents with low formal education improve less as a result of road infrastructure. Policymakers should thus consider combining transport infrastructure provision with other policy packages, such as education program or skill training, to target different groups of rural residents in China.

Road Safety Analysis for Accident Prone Stretch on NH103

Road accidents have presently become an major social worry in India which are increasing year by year. These road accidents lead to loss of human life, injuries and property damage which is very serious concern. As per the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG): 2030 relating to transport infrastructure provision of access to safe, accessible, and sustainable transport is the need of the hour. Therefore, road safety becomes very important issues in today’s scenario. In this paper, road safety analysis was done on NH-103 stretch to identify accident/crash black spots. The accidental data was collected from police stations and visual surveys on two lane NH-103 stretch of 58 km. The analysis has been done by using ranking and severity method, accident severity index (ASI) method and accidental density method. and accidental black spots were indentified. It has been found that 6 accidental crash black spots have been identified namely BS-1, BS-2, BS-3, BS-4, BS-5, and BS-6. The reasons for accidents in these blackspots have been traced to suggest counter measures for reduction in number of accidents on this stretch.

Built-in Flood Risk: the Intertwinement of Flood Risk and Unregulated Urban Expansion in African Cities

Urban flood risk is significantly shaped by ground conditions and the built environment, which are constantly modified and transformed by human actions. This paper examines the intertwinement of flood risk and unregulated urban expansion processes in three selected sites in Accra’s expanding periphery. All three sites have been included in Accra’s urban extent since the 1990s, but differ with regard to the timing of development and socio-economic characteristics of residents. The research illuminates how flood risk is produced and “built-in” to the urban fabric through widespread practices associated with unregulated urban expansion processes, especially the persistent encroachment on water retention areas, wetlands and riparian zones and the highly fragmented provision of transport infrastructure in emerging residential areas in the periphery. Such harmful development practices are neither confined to homebuilders from poorer segments of the urban population nor spatially concentrated in low-income areas. The research highlights how the actions and inactions of a wide range of social groups and actors engaged in urban land administration and development contribute to flood risk in various ways, making flooding an increasingly alarming issue of citywide concern. Different stakeholders highlight fragmented urban governance as an underlying root cause for the obstruction of sustainable land and water management. Overall, the study calls for a more robust recognition of spatial planning and transport infrastructure provision in flood risk mitigation and highlights the urgent need for planning and governance practices that challenge the existing fragmentation of urban governance systems.

STUDI UPAYA PENGOPTIMALAN PENGGUNAAN BRT TRANS PATRIOT KOTA BEKASI BERDASARKAN PREFERENSI MASYARAKAT

Rapid population growth is able to bring significant changes to various systems of urban community activities, with the high standard of living of the community, the higher the movement carried out. The existence of high community movement must be balanced with the provision of adequate transportation facilities and infrastructure, such as the provision of good public transportation to be able to reduce private vehicles. Public transportation is able as a solution to urban transportation problems that are able to serve the community in meeting their needs for movement. The city of Bekasi as one of the buffer cities of DKI Jakarta and as one of the metropolitan cities in Indonesia has also developed BRT as a mode of urban public transportation. In 2019 Bekasi City has integrated mass public transportation, BRT Trans Patriot. However, the number of users of this public transport is low. BRT Trans Patriot is still not used optimally by the community. Based on these problems, it is necessary to study the optimization of the use of the BRT Trans Patriot based on people's preferences. The results show that service quality affects people to use Trans Patriot BRT, and it is found that the available services are not optimal in accordance with bus rapid transit standards. Regarding this, it affects the number of Trans Patriot BRT users that are not optimal.

Exploring the Effects of Transportation Supply on Mixed Land-Use at the Parcel Level

The interactive relationship between transportation and land use has become more difficult to understand and predict, due to the economic boom and corresponding fast-paced proliferation of private transportation and land-development activities. A lack of coordination between transportation and land-use planning has created an imbalanced provision of transportation infrastructure and land-use patterns; this is indicated by places where a high-density land-development pattern is supported by a low-capacity transport system or vice versa. With this, literature suggests that Mixed Land-Use (MLU) developments have the potential to provide relevant solutions for urban sustainability, smart growth, inclusive public transit use, and efficient land-use. Therefore, this study employed deep neural network models—Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP)—for forecasting the effect of transportation supply on the MLU pattern at the parcel level in the Jiang’an District, Wuhan, China. The findings revealed a strong relationship between the supply of public transportation and MLU. Moreover, the study results indicated that MLU is widely available in areas with high accessibility, high density, and proximity to the city center. The forecasting results from the MLP and LSTM models showed an average error of 5.55–7.36% and 3.62–4.28% for mixed use, respectively, while most of their 90th percentile errors were less than 13.73% and 10.46% for mixed use, respectively. The proposed models and the findings from this study should be useful for stakeholders and policy makers for more precise forecasting of MLU at the urban level.

The Effectiveness of Users of the People's Crossing Bridge (JPO) at the Youth Center of the City of North Jakarta Administration during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The current dense population of DKI Jakarta must be balanced with the provision of adequate transportation facilities and infrastructure. The current presence of pedestrians is usually concentrated in public facilities such as terminals, shopping centers, educational centers, and other public facilities. The existence of these pedestrians requires facilities for pedestrians, including road crossing facilities such as the People's Crossing Bridge (JPO), where the JPO is installed if it is required that there is no intersection between the flow of pedestrians and the flow of traffic. So that pedestrians want to use the JPO, it must be guaranteed safety and walking distance so that it does not get too far away. For this reason, this study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of the People's Crossing Bridge in the Youth Bracelet of the North Jakarta Administration. To determine the effectiveness of the pedestrian bridge at the Youth Center of North Jakarta City, the researchers observed the number of pedestrians for 2 days, namely during peak hours such as in the morning at 06.00 - 08.00 and in the afternoon at 16.00 - 18.00. From the results of the research for 2 days in the field, it was found that almost 58% of people did not use JPO facilities, and only 42% of people used JPO facilities. Thus, it can be concluded that JPO at the Youth Center of North Jakarta City Administration is classified as a fairly effective JPO.

Analysis of the provision of transport infrastructure in rural areas Republic of Kazakhstan

The purpose of the study is to determine the role and importance of transport infrastructure for the accelerated development of rural areas, the growth of agro-industrial production and improving the quality of life of the population of villages. In the study was used a structural-functional approach, a review of scientific publications by foreign and domestic scientists devoted to the study of transport problems in rural areas, interregional logistics, the state program for infrastructure development «Nurly Zhol», as well as data from the Agency on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the main trends in the development of the road infrastructure of rural areas of the country, providing economic communication with other territories, the mobility of the rural population. According to the indicators of the density of roads and railways, the coefficients of the provision of transport infrastructure in rural areas of the country's regions are calculated. The regions were grouped into three categories of equipment (high, medium, low), which, according to the authors, allows determining the priority of measures of programs for the construction and reconstruction of roads, as well as the importance of their implementation for the economic recovery of rural areas. Based on the analysis, recommendations on improving the transport infrastructure of rural areas are given, which are of interest to regional and local authorities, state infrastructure development management structures, as well as scientists, doctoral students whose research interests correspond to this topic.

Spatiotemporal Correlation Between Railway Transport Development and Land Use

Abstract Rail transport developments seem to offer tremendous benefits to land use and spatial development. As the development of rail lines induces land use growth and development. However, the veracity of this claim remains unclear in the context of Nigeria rail resuscitation efforts. This research intends to examine the correlation between rail development and land use in Nigeria. The association between state population characteristics, rail line development, population density, and square kilometres is examined. The methodology comprises both qualitative and quantitative designs. The correlation coefficients are used to establish a relationship between the parameters used in the research. The study reveals that spatial development and land uses are greatly influenced by rail transportation infrastructure provision in the state with a rail line. The analysis reveals a positive relationship between rail line development and population density. Therefore, more investment and better management are needed to facilitate nationwide rail transportation links.

State-guided city regionalism: the development of metro transit in the city region of Nanjing

ABSTRACT Geographies of city regionalism are variegated. In developed market economies, the provision of regional transport infrastructure has been affected by territorial politics, which reflects the nature of collective provision. Today, territorial politics are the foundation of city regionalism, and involve a wide range of stakeholders. In China, the city region has recently been selected as a new development strategy; accordingly, the development of regional transport infrastructure in China has been driven, partly, by national policies. Given the various stakeholders involved in such processes, this study sought to illuminate the processes of city regionalism formation in China. We used the case study of the development of metro transit infrastructure in the city region of Nanjing, which revealed that city regionalism is state-guided and involves coordination between administrative commands from different levels of government, negotiations between local governments, and an overall shift in policy sentiment from competition to collaboration. Ultimately, this study ascertains that while transborder transit projects are primarily state guided (involving upper government intervention), they are also constituted by bargaining between local governments in the city region.

СИСТЕМНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ТРАНСПОРТА В РОССИЙСКОЙ АРКТИКЕ

Purpose: to identify systemic problems in the development of transport infrastructure in the Russian Arctic. Methods: the analysis of the main trends and features of the development of the transport infrastructure of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) in 2000-2018 was carried out. Trends in the development of road and rail transport are considered in the most detail. official statistics provides the most complete information only on them. To analyze the dynamics of the provision of land transport infrastructure in the Arctic regions, the Engel coefficient was used, since it is calculated taking into account the area and population size (this is an important circumstance for the Arctic regions, due to their extremely sparse population and the size of the territories). Results: it was revealed that, despite some positive trends, the transport infrastructure of the Russian Arctic is still characterized by a number of problems. Scientific novelty: it is substantiated that the objective difficulties in the development of transport infrastructure in the Arctic regions are caused not only by difficult natural and geographical conditions, but also by systematic underfunding of the transport industry and a lack of infrastructure investments, primarily in socially significant projects that provide intraregional and interregional transport links. Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific and teaching activities, as well as by public authorities in the preparation of target-oriented documents for the development of the transport infrastructure of the Arctic regions.

Road transport infrastructure as a factor of socio-economic territorial development and some aspects of its formation

The size of the territory of the Russian Federation presupposes the existence and systematic implementation of a long-term program for the country’s spatial development, the main element of which is the transport infrastructure. The reorganization of the authorities performing the functions of managing the activities in the field of road transport and road facilities, and the development of strategies for the development of this sector was completed only in the first decade of the 21st century. The total length of transport routes is 1.7 million km, more than 90% of which are roads, which determines the importance of road transport and the development of road transport infrastructure. Automobile transport provides not only economic tasks (transports 68% of cargo), but also solves social issues: it increases the mobility of the population, ensures an increase in well-being (due to the creation of jobs), determines the level of quality of life, ensures territorial accessibility to recreational and healthcare facilities, culture, etc. Nowadays, the domestic fleet of passenger cars is almost 50 million units and continues to grow, but the age structure of the vehicle fleet is deteriorating. The main problems necessary for the implementation of the tasks and ensuring road safety are: expansion and modernization of the road network; provision of transport infrastructure with road facilities, in particular, with service stations in sufficient quantity; improving the quality of service for vehicles and a number of others.

Assessment of Sustainable Mobility by MCDM Methods in the Science and Technology Parks of Vilnius, Lithuania

The development of science and technology parks (STPs) has become a trendy tool for promoting the economy, innovation, and technology for more than 30 years worldwide. However, STPs poses challenges for urban planners seeking a vision of sustainable urban development. These places become an object of attraction for many highly skilled workers who create daily traffic flows. The proper accessibility and provision of transport infrastructure and services become the challenge for the development of such places because the availability of services influences the choice of travel mode and the possible employees’ travel behaviour. The authors of the research aim to assess the level of development of infrastructure and transport services conducive to the sustainable mobility of science and technology park staff in Vilnius city. Changing mobility behaviour into a more sustainable way is of interest to many scientists and practitioners, so the authors think that STP staff can represent a group of educated, working-age stakeholders within the city population, who has an interest in sustainable mobility travel options and can set an example of sustainable travel. Besides, recommendations for the planning and sustainable development from the sustainable urban mobility point of view of science and technology parks and similar institutions are provided. To achieve this goal, the authors use scientific empirical and theoretical research as well as multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. The results show the link between the distance from the developed STP site to the city centre and the more sustainable mobility of workers. Therefore, it is suggested to develop STPs closer to the urban centre as it often does not require large-scale development, nor do they engage in the polluting industry. Moreover, the authors suggest the key criteria that should be considered for STP development.

Sustainability of transport system: Case study of Greater Mumbai

Sustainable transport is about taking holistic approach by considering economic, society and environment along with the mobility and accessibility requirement of people. In case of Greater Mumbai, there is presence of inequity in provision of transport infrastructure and service. The first part of paper arrives at sustainability indicator by means of compounded economic, social & demographic, land use and transport access indicators. The second part of paper measures the extent of sustainability in various wards of Greater Mumbai. It was important to study the extent of sustainability by measuring the gap between sustainability & HDI indicator and sustainability & transport access indicator. In terms of transport access, the gap between transport access indicator and sustainability indicator is present in most of the wards of Greater Mumbai. The overall result proves that there is urgent need to address the provision of transport access in most of the wards of Greater Mumbai. Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to arrive at sustainability indicator and to measures the extent of sustainability in various wards of Greater Mumbai in transport. Methodology: The paper arrives at sustainability indicator by developing compounded economic, social and demographic, land use and transport access indicators. In order to calculate economic, social & demographic, land-use and transport access indicator considered normalized value of each indicators derived from maximum point normalization across all wards. Finally equal weighted average of all indicators was taken to calculate the overall sustainability indicator. To measure the extent of sustainability in various wards of Greater Mumbai was done by comparing aggregate sustainable indicator with HDI indicator and transport access indicator. Result: The overall result proves that there is urgent need to address the provision of transport access in most of the wards of Greater Mumbai. The theoretical contribution: This paper arrives at sustainability indicator by compiling economic, social and demographic, land use and transport access indicators. Practical implications: This paper calculates ward level sustainability in Greater Mumbai and identifies the need to make provision of different transport infrastructure.

The Effect of Special Economic Zone and International Hub Port Development on the Transportation Infrastructure Provision

The Indonesian government has established a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) and International Hub Port (IHP) in Manado, Indonesia. The research aims to understand the effect of both SEZ and IHP and traffic generated by these two developments on the provision of transportation infrastructures. 264 stakeholders were interviewed in this study. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was implemented to answer regressive and dimensional questions. The respondents were first confirmed about their knowledge of SEZ and IHP development before being interviewed. The research variables were divided into 5 namely IHP development, SEZ Development, Logistics Transportation Users, Logistic Traffic Flows and the Provision of Transportation Infrastructures. The Exogenous variables were the IHP development and SEZ development, while the endogenous variable was the Provision of Transportation Infrastructures. The results showed that the Development of the International Hub Ports has the greatest total effect on Logistics Transportation Users, and subsequently on the Traffic Flow of Goods followed by the Provision of Transportation Infrastructures. The Development of Special Economic Zones has a positive effect on the Logistic Traffic Flow and on the Provision of Transportation Infrastructures. Logistics Transportation Users have a direct effect on the Traffic Flow of Goods and on the Provision of Transportation Infrastructures. The Traffic Flow of Goods gives a direct influence on the Provision of Transportation Infrastructures. Logistics Transportation Users are the dominant factors which affect the Transportation Infrastructure Provision. Then, Logistics Transportation Users are influenced by the development of IHP. This research demonstrates that there is a reciprocal relationship between both SEZ and IHP and the provision of transportation infrastructures. Thus, this study recommends that the North Sulawesi transportation infrastructure plan should be aligned with the needs of the SEZ and IHP, which ensures both international and national connectivity. The results of this study can be used to recommend appropriate policies regarding infrastructure provision.

INFRASTRUCTURE SUPPORT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

This article considers the problems of infrastructure financing, which is necessary for the successful development of regional economic systems. To identify the current problems in the development of investment attractiveness of the Russian regions, we selected the following factors: availability and level of provision of industrial, social, transport, and other infrastructure with facilities, government expenses on the creation and development of regional infrastructure. The study consists of several stages and is based on data published on the official websites of the World Bank, Gazprombank, the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, and the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation. The study shows that the absolute leaders in terms of infrastructure investments are such countries as China, the United States, and India. In the total amount of infrastructure investments, transport infrastructure and telecommunications have an absolute advantage. In recent years, one of the development priorities of the Russian regions has been investing in physical culture and sports infrastructure facilities. This is due to major international sporting events and increasing the investment attractiveness of the regions. An important trend in the development of infrastructural support for the development of regional economic systems has been the conclusion of international investment transactions (IIT) and regional agreements. Most countries and regions, leading in the inflow of foreign direct investment, are the leaders in terms of infrastructure development at the same time.