Transportation Cyber-physical System Research Articles

CNN-CLFFA: Support Mobile Edge Computing in Transportation Cyber Physical System

CNN-CLFFA: Support Mobile Edge Computing in Transportation Cyber Physical System

Blockchain-Enabled Privacy-Preserving Authentication Mechanism for Transportation CPS With Cloud-Edge Computing

In this article, we propose a secure and effective blockchain-enabled privacy-preserving authentication scheme for the transportation cyber-physical system (CPS) with the cloud-edge computing environment, which supports unconditional anonymity and data batch integrity verification while greatly simplifying key management issues. The proposed privacy-preserving authentication scheme employs an elliptic curve to construct a pairing-free ring signature scheme, which greatly reduces the resources overhead in the transportation CPS with cloud-edge computing. Moreover, the authentication process is performed on the blockchain to provide more reliable service information for vehicular communication. Furthermore, the security proof of the scheme is demonstrated based on the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem under the random oracle model, and gives the corresponding security analysis. Finally, a simulation experiment demonstrates that the proposed scheme is feasible compared with the existing schemes.

Integrated simulation platform for conventional, connected and automated driving: A design from cyber–physical systems perspective

A comprehensive assessment of connected and automated driving is imperative before its large-scale deployment in reality, which can be economically and effectively implemented via a credible simulation platform. Nonetheless, the key components of traffic dynamics, vehicle modeling, and traffic environment are oversimplified in existing simulators. Current traffic simulators normally simplify the function of connected and autonomous vehicles by proposing incremental improvements to the conventional traffic flow modeling methods, which cannot reflect the characteristics of the realistic connected and autonomous vehicles. On the other hand, typical autonomous vehicle simulators only focus on individual function verification in some specific traffic scenarios, omitting the network-level evaluation by integrating both large-scale traffic networks and vehicle-to-anything (V2X) communication. This paper designs a comprehensive simulation platform for conventional, connected and automated driving from a transportation cyber–physical system perspective, which tightly combines the core components of V2X communication, traffic networks, and autonomous/conventional vehicle model. Specifically, three popular open-source simulators SUMO, Omnet++, and Webots are integrated and connected via the traffic control interface, and the whole simulation platform will be deployed in a Client/Server model. As the demonstration, two typical applications, traffic flow optimization and vehicle eco-driving, are implemented in the simulation platform. The proposed platform provides an ideal and credible testbed to explore the potential social/economic impact of connected and automated driving from the individual level to the large-scale network level.

Advances in Transportation Cyber-Physical System (T-CPS)

Presents the introductory editorial for this issue of the publication.

WeDoShare: A Ridesharing Framework in Transportation Cyber-Physical System for Sustainable Mobility in Smart Cities

Sustainable urban mobility and traffic congestion are the key challenges in a smart city. Nevertheless, a sustainable mobility approach such as real-time ridesharing as a solution is likely to fail, if not integrated with actions aimed at increasing the awareness of citizens, encouragement through incentives and influencing their behavioral change. This article analyzes the possibility of quantifying an individual contribution toward sustainability and reciprocal incentive approach to encourage voluntary behavioral development toward sustainable mobility solutions. Furthermore, the challenges faced by the interested carpoolers were analyzed. This work proposes an IoT-based framework called WeDoShare for real-time ridesharing as a solution aimed at resolving the issues of carpoolers and quantifying their sustainability contribution with a reciprocal auto-incentive approach. Additionally, on top of social network, a gamification approach is proposed to involve, spread, and engage the citizens in ridesharing activity.

Intelligent Transportation Cyber-Physical System: On Crowd through Event Detection for Public Urban Transportation

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) has become the popular area of research since the last decade. Knowing the crowd density in every region of the city is of high importance for an ITS in delivering adequate transport facility to the public. Further, the occurrence of social events draw public crowd occasionally, in any specific region of the city. Thus, the combination of both the identification of crowd density and the social event detection lays a path to an interesting research in ITS. Having said, this paper proposes a methodology for the effective design of ITS with a primary focus on crowd sensing. The paper also presents a taxonomy of methods used to gather crowd density information through various sources. Furthermore, the research works that focused on event detection and crowd analysis are studied. Finally, the open challenges are identified and outlined which are promising research directions for ITS.

Intelligent Transportation Cyber Physical system toward Comfort and Safety perspective using Fuzzy Logic

Intelligent transportation cyber physical system (ITCPS) is used to enhance the safety and performance of the road transportation of a country. A crucial element that affects road safety is passengers comfort factor since a large crowd always invites accidents. An Intelligent Transportation Cyber Physical System is proposed using fuzzy logic for automatic crowd monitoring in buses. Sub-sentential research has been undertaken in ITCPS to manage traffic, safety, and security among which safety measures in the public transportation system is crucial. The main focuses of this paper are on passengers comfort factor and safety. The proposed framework gathers a large set of input parameters using an onboard sensor. Fuzzy logic is applied to identify whether the passenger bus is crossing the safety limit, the data are stored in cloud storage. The Intelligent Transportation Cyber Physical System then monitors the crowded area and allocates another bus by providing proper intimation to the users, the process avoids bus bunching. The test bed is created to simulate the Intelligent Transportation Cyber Physical System framework, with the different scenario the performance is measured.

Obstacle Recognition Based on Machine Learning for On-Chip LiDAR Sensors in a Cyber-Physical System.

Collision avoidance is an important feature in advanced driver-assistance systems, aimed at providing correct, timely and reliable warnings before an imminent collision (with objects, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.). The obstacle recognition library is designed and implemented to address the design and evaluation of obstacle detection in a transportation cyber-physical system. The library is integrated into a co-simulation framework that is supported on the interaction between SCANeR software and Matlab/Simulink. From the best of the authors’ knowledge, two main contributions are reported in this paper. Firstly, the modelling and simulation of virtual on-chip light detection and ranging sensors in a cyber-physical system, for traffic scenarios, is presented. The cyber-physical system is designed and implemented in SCANeR. Secondly, three specific artificial intelligence-based methods for obstacle recognition libraries are also designed and applied using a sensory information database provided by SCANeR. The computational library has three methods for obstacle detection: a multi-layer perceptron neural network, a self-organization map and a support vector machine. Finally, a comparison among these methods under different weather conditions is presented, with very promising results in terms of accuracy. The best results are achieved using the multi-layer perceptron in sunny and foggy conditions, the support vector machine in rainy conditions and the self-organized map in snowy conditions.

Using CSTPNs to model traffic control CPS

Transportation cyber-physical system (T-CPS) is a spatiotemporal discrete-continuous hybrid system. However, the hybrid T-CPSs have some analysis and modelling problems, especially the problems related to the spatiotemporal characteristics. Existing coloured Petri net approaches of traffic control cannot effectively analyse dynamic changes of cyber systems and physical entities in space and time. Moreover, some problems, related to the state space explosion and the large complex T-CPSs, have not been well solved. This study develops the innovative methods for T-CPS design and modelling via the development and application of coloured spatiotemporal Petri nets (CSTPNs). The proposed research ideas involve the CSTPN theory creation, the development of traffic intersection coordination control system using CSTPNs, the traffic simulation analysis and the implementation of T-CPS-based CSTPNs. The experimental results show that the new spatiotemporal theories and approaches of the traffic coordination control based on CSTPNs have excellent potentials to address the issues related to the spatiotemporal discrete-continuous characteristics of T-CPS. Moreover, these innovative methods with a good validity can be easily applied into practise for the development of T-CPS.

ST TD outlier detection

Through vehicle-to-everything traffic information propagation often causes data outliers, due to data delay, data loss, inaccurate data and inconsistent data. Traffic data (TD) with outliers may incorrectly describe traffic conditions and decline the reliability and stability of transportation cyber physical system. This study develops some research approaches to detect spatiotemporal (ST) data outliers for the development of transportation systems. These research approaches include the theorisation of ST traffic outliers, the creation of an innovative firefly algorithm (IFA), the discussion of TD synchronisation methods and the development of the FA-based ST outlier detection mechanism (IFA-STODM). The experimental results show that the proposed IFA-STODM is an effective and efficient method for the detection of ST TD outliers.

A novel membership cloud model‐based trust evaluation model for vehicular ad hoc network of T‐CPS

AbstractIt is generally known that the trust relationships among mobile nodes of vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) are uncertain in transportation cyber‐physical system (T‐CPS). However, the existing researches could not accurately describe the uncertainty in their trust evaluation models. To solve this problem, we propose a novel membership cloud‐based trust evaluation model for VANET of T‐CPS. The proposed model considers the trust uncertainty of fuzziness and randomness in the interactions among vehicles and uses membership cloud to describe the uncertainty in unified formats. Besides, we give the detail description of trustworthiness as well as algorithm to calculate the cloud droplets and the aggregated trust evaluation values. An experiment of study case demonstrates that our trust model can perfectly describe trust relationship among vehicles from the quantitative data to the qualitative information, and also vice versa. Thus, our trust model can accurately describe the uncertainty of fuzziness and randomness of the trust relationships. Meanwhile, two typical scenarios simulation and comparison with other up to date models demonstrate the validity and practicality of our trust model among vehicles for VANET of T‐CPS. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Lattice hydrodynamic model based traffic control: A transportation cyber–physical system approach

Abstract Lattice hydrodynamic model is a typical continuum traffic flow model, which describes the jamming transition of traffic flow properly. Previous studies in lattice hydrodynamic model have shown that the use of control method has the potential to improve traffic conditions. In this paper, a new control method is applied in lattice hydrodynamic model from a transportation cyber–physical system approach, in which only one lattice site needs to be controlled in this control scheme. The simulation verifies the feasibility and validity of this method, which can ensure the efficient and smooth operation of the traffic flow.