Transport Telematics Systems Research Articles

The Issue of Operating Security Systems in Terms of the Impact of Electromagnetic Interference Generated Unintentionally

This article discusses issues regarding electromagnetic interference generated unintentionally by transport telematics systems and electronic security systems (ESS) located within a railway area. These systems should operate correctly, since they ensure the safety of both vehicles and passengers. The electronic devices they use are exposed to electromagnetic interference that may lead to incorrect ESS functioning. In order to determine the impact of electromagnetic interference on ESS, the authors measured unintentional low-frequency electromagnetic field generated by MV—15 and 30 kV—power lines. This enabled determining the areas with maximum values of electromagnetic interference. The next stage of the research was to develop an ESS operating process model that takes into account the impact of unintentionally generated electromagnetic interference on the operating process. Introducing the electromagnetic interference impact coefficient enables a rational selection of solutions aimed at protecting against electromagnetic interference through the application of technical and organizational measures.

LIGHT REGULATION SYSTEMS IMPROVEMENT ANALYSIS TO FORECAST THE TRANSPORT FLOWS IN ALMATY

The number of vehicles on the roads of Almaty, Kazakhstan is growing from year to year. This brings about an increasing intensity and density of traffic flows in the streets which leads to congestion, decreasing speed of the traffic flow, increasing environmental pollution caused by car emissions, and which can potentially lead to the road traffic accidents (RTA), including fatalities.
 While the number of injuries grows up mainly due to drivers’ non-compliance with the speed limit, the environmental pollution is caused by longer traffic jams. Therefore, to reduce the level of road traffic injuries and emissions into the environment it is necessary to ensure the uniform movement of traffic flows in cities. Currently, one of the effective ways to do it is the use of transport telematics systems, in particular, control systems for road signs, road boards and traffic lights.
 The paper presents an analysis of existing systems and methods of traffic light regulation. The analyses of the systems and methods are based on the use of homogeneous data, that is the data on standard parameters of traffic flows. The need in collecting and analyzing additional semi-structured data on the factors that have a significant impact on the traffic flows parameters in cities is shown as well.
 The work is dedicated to solving the problem of analysis and forecast of traffic flows in the city of Almaty, Kazakhstan. GPS data on the location of individual vehicles is used as the initial data for solving this problem. By projecting the obtained information onto the graph of the city's transport network, as well as using additional filtering, it is possible to obtain an estimate of individual parameters of traffic flows. These parameters are used for short-term forecast of the changes in the city's transport network.

Using transport telematics and remote diagnostics to improve vehicle maintenance and repair

The article considers the possibility of using planned-prevention system in modern conditions. The system of vehicle telematics and remote diagnostics allows you to automate the getting of correction coefficients to determine the standard values of labor intensity of maintenance and repair and make calculations with high accuracy. The mileage before major repairs or write-off of the vehicle set by the manufacturer is also corrected for coefficients. The use tools of navigation allows you to determine the location of the vehicle in the coordinates of navigation maps with characteristics of the road surface, locality, with the definition of height above sea level and road-climate zoning. This method is an alternative solution that allows you to automate the mileage and labor intensity of technical actions and can be used to clarification parameters. To implement these principles, we propose a flowchart for processing transport telematics data for calculating correction coefficients, followed by calculating the periodicity and labor intensity. The proposed flowchart is implemented by a standard vehicle telematics system, but it can be upgraded with the possibility of remote diagnostics, which allows performing the functions of general diagnostics of individual systems and the vehicle as a whole. The use of systems of transport monitoring make it possible to improve the system of maintenance and repair. Analysis of the existing requirements regulated by documents in the perspective of the capabilities of modern transport telematics systems allows us to justify and create a new approach to the calculation of mileage before technical impacts and adjust the standards for the complexity of performing these impacts. The introduction of the general remote diagnostics function for individual systems and the vehicle as a whole makes it possible to eliminate errors in the calculation of correction coefficients, as well as to prevent the occurrence of failures during operation.

The Aspect of Power Supply in Exploitation of Transport Telematics Systems

Abstract Transport telematics systems operate under various operational conditions. As elements, which are responsible, among others, for the transport process safety, they should maintain their usability. One of the key problems is to ensure the power supply continuity in the transport telematics systems. In order to provide it, relevant power supply systems are used. The state of unfitness of power supply constitutes a failure in the system operation, the result of which can be downtime in operation of the entire transport telematics system or its part. The article carried out a reliability and operation analysis of the power supply system, which consists of three independent energy sources. The relationships, which allow to specify the probabilities of the system’s staying in the distinguished states, were determined.

Indicators and criteria for assessing ITS services in the context of road traffic safety

Transport telematics systems integrate information technology with telecommunications for the purposes of transport systems. This helps to improve the safety of vehicles and facilities involved in transport tasks. At the same time, the efficiency of using transport infrastructure and means of transport increases. The development and use of specialised IT applications that use data from transport telematics systems helped to create Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). Currently, in Poland (in Europe and in the world), more and more advanced services offered by Intelligent Transport Systems are being developed and implemented. It is particularly relevant in road transport, especially because Poland’s road safety is insufficient compared to other European countries. The article presents the authors’ proposed indicators and criteria that can be used for assessing ITS services in the context of road safety. The authors conducted analyses to study the application of AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), if ITS services were to be used to improve road safety. Then, it will be possible to choose one solution from all the assessed ones.

Analysis of the vehicle operation process including diagnostic information

Modern telecommunications techniques allow for continuous transmission of information from vehicles to dispatch centres during the operation process. The information included in this transmission may contain diagnostic data that make it possible to monitor the state of responsible components of the vehicle construction. The article presents the issues related to the analysis of the vehicle operation process including information received with the use of a CAN bus. The model of the vehicle operation process was presented, and the diagnosis state was taken into account. The use of transport telematics systems and intelligent transport systems in transport allow for the rolling stock profiling at the next stage. Owing to the rolling stock profiling, operational databases powered by a telematics interface are created. This, in turn, will allow to carry out the operational application process along with further optimisation of the operation process.

Reliability And Maintenance Analysis Of CCTV Systems Used In Rail Transport

Abstract CCTV systems are widely used across plethora of industrial areas including transport, where their function is to support transport telematics systems. Among others, they are used to ensure travel safety. This paper presented a reliability and maintenance analysis of CCTV. It led to building a relationships graph and then Chapman–Kolmogorov system of equations was derived to describe it. Drawing on those equations, relationships for calculating probability of system staying in state of full ability SPZ, state of the impendency over safety SZB1 as well as state of unreliability of safety SB were derived.

Reliability-Exploitation Analysis of Highway Transport Telematics Systems / Analiza Niezawodnościowo-Eksploatacyjna Autostradowych Systemów Telematyki Transportu

Abstract This paper presents the issues connected with highway transport telematics systems. The particular attention is paid to the highway emergency communications systems. There is described their structure and functioning. It also presented the general reliability-exploitation model. It allows to determinate the probability of staying of the system in the distinguished operating states.

ПРИНЦИПЫ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ ТЕЛЕМАТИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ В КРУПНЫХ НАСЕЛЕННЫХ ПУНКТАХ

The article identifies the main problems solved by building modern automated traffic management systems using telematics. The architecture of transport telematics systems. Shows the concept of intelligent vehicle

Analysis of Power Supply Maintenance in Transport Telematics System

Issues concerning maintenance of power-supply for transport telematics systems were presented in this paper. Relationships graph was presented, and then Chapman–Kolmogorov system of equations was derived to describe it. Drawing on those equations, relationships for calculating function of probability of system staying in state of full ability SPZ, state of the impendency over safety SZB1and SZB2as well as state of unreliability of safety SBwere derived.

Optimization Analysis of Multiservice Architecture Concepts in Road Transport Telematics

Transport telematic systems, also known as intelligent transportation systems, can be expensive to implement but the services they provide may offer substantial benefits. However, what services the system can provide depends on the architectural choices made, which also affects the cost of the system. We propose an optimization model to support a more informed decision before investing in a multiple service transport telematic system. The model evaluates the possible choices of services and architectures, and aims to maximize the total net societal benefit. We argue that the optimization model can provide support for strategic decisions by highlighting the consequences of adopting different system architectures, including both societal value and cost. This can be useful for decision makers, such as governments, road transport telematic service providers, and commercial road freight transport operators.

Decision-Making Processes in Transport Telematic Systems Exploitations

The paper discusses the key issue of decision-making support in the area of exploitation and maintenance of transport telematics equipment and systems. The scope of research studies in the decision-making processes in transport has been characterized. The decision-making processes model has been developed in exploitation of the transport telematics systems along with a description of its basic properties. The conclusion presents a general concept of the decision-making support system in the exploitation of transport telematics systems, its structure, capabilities, and the use of the proposed system.

LIVES (LenkerInnenInteraktion mit VErkehrstelematischen Systemen) – driver interaction with transport-telematic systems

It is expected that the number of in-vehicle telematic systems will increase over the next few years, leading to an increased amount of information that a driver has to deal with besides the primary task of driving. In the project LIVES (Driver Interaction with Transport-telematic Systems), the organisations CURE (Center for Usability Research & Engineering) and FACTUM (Transport- and Social Analyses) investigated how these systems could be used in an optimum way in order to improve safety on the road. The main research questions, namely ‘How does information given simultaneously from different sources affect the driver?’ and ‘What is the best sensory modality for which type of information?’ were answered with the help of a driving simulator. This simulator made it possible to investigate the effects of different modalities for information on the driving behaviour. The outcomes consist of, firstly, a matrix in which different modalities (acoustic, visual, haptic) were combined with the priority level of a given information. The aim of this matrix is to provide better understanding which modalities should be used in which type of situation. Secondly, recommendations were formulated that would enhance safety in connection with the transmission of different types of information.

The Effects of Navigation Sensors and Spatial Road Network Data Quality on the Performance of Map Matching Algorithms

Map matching algorithms are utilised to support the navigation module of advanced transport telematics systems. The objective of this paper is to develop a framework to quantify the effects of spatial road network data and navigation sensor data on the performance of map matching algorithms. Three map matching algorithms are tested with different spatial road network data (map scale 1:1,250; 1:2,500 and 1:50,000) and navigation sensor data (global positioning system (GPS) and GPS augmented with deduced reckoning) in order to quantify their performance. The algorithms are applied to different road networks of varying complexity. The performance of the algorithms is then assessed for a suburban road network using high precision positioning data obtained from GPS carrier phase observables. The results show that there are considerable effects of spatial road network data on the performance of map matching algorithms. For an urban road network, the results suggest that both the quality of spatial road network data and the type of navigation system affect the link identification performance of map matching algorithms.

Availability of the Motorway Emergency Communications

Availability of the Motorway Emergency Communications The paper presents issues related to the assessment of availability of one of the motorway telematics systems: the emergency communication system. The essence and tasks of transport telematic systems have been presented in a general outline. The architecture of the fibre optic emergency communication system and the tasks of particular subsystems have also been presented. Using the functional structure and the method of sending information through the system, a method for calculating the availability of the motorway emergency communication system was proposed.

Urban road transport navigation: performance of the global positioning system after selective availability

Satellite navigation systems have a potential to support multi-modal transport navigation requirements. In road transport, the global positioning system (GPS) is currently supporting a wide variety of in-car navigation and transport telematics systems. The performance of GPS has in the past been limited by the artificial degradation of the signal through the process of selective availability (SA). With SA operational, the instantaneous horizontal positional accuracy was 100 m 95% of the time. Additional infrastructure was used with the differential concept (where range errors are determined at a known location and transmitted to users) to improve this to the level of a few metres. The US Government on 1 May 2000 removed SA. This paper presents the results of a study to assess and characterise the post-SA performance of GPS for positioning vehicles in urban areas. This is an important functionality of advanced transport telematics systems that aim to address everyday problems associated with road transport, particularly in urban areas. The performance assessment addresses, in varying levels of detail, the issues of service coverage, positioning accuracy, integrity and availability of service. Comparison is made with the results of a previous study conducted when SA was turned on. The results show an improvement in stand-alone navigation accuracy without SA compared to the period when SA was operational. Furthermore, no significant difference is seen between the level of accuracy achievable with differential positioning and post-SA stand-alone navigation. The parameters that characterise the performance of GPS determined at the analysis stage have been used to specify an architecture for a local navigation system for urban areas.

Benefits of Pilot Implementation of Public Transport Signal Priorities and Real-Time Passenger Information

A public transport telematics system was launched in Helsinki, Finland, in 1999. The system provides several public transport telematics functions such as real-time passenger information, bus and tram priorities at traffic signals, and schedule monitoring. The impacts, socioeconomic benefits, and technical performance of the telematics applications were investigated. The methods included before-and-after field studies, an interview and survey, a simulation, and socioeconomic evaluation. The results indicate that delays at signals were reduced by more than 40%. The regularity and punctuality of the service were considerably improved. On both lines, the number of passengers increased from the level before the system was implemented. The studies indicated reductions of 1% to 5% in fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. The information systems were regarded very positively, and the systems were considered useful. In particular, the information displays on stops were considered necessary and were used often. Most effects were more substantial on the bus line than on the tramline because of the longer intervals between buses and the fact that the tramline already had signal priorities before the system was introduced. The benefit–cost ratio of the system was calculated to be 3.3. For the transport operator, the return on capital increased by 6% on the bus line and decreased by 1% on the tramline.

Impact of speech presentation level on cognitive task performance: implications for auditory display design

Speech displays and verbal response technologies are increasingly being used in complex, high workload environments that require the simultaneous performance of visual and manual tasks. Examples of such environments include the flight decks of modern aircraft, advanced transport telematics systems providing in-vehicle route guidance and navigational information and mobile communication equipment in emergency and public safety vehicles. Previous research has established an optimum range for speech intelligibility. However, the potential for variations in presentation levels within this range to affect attentional resources and cognitive processing of speech material has not been examined previously. Results of the current experimental investigation demonstrate that as presentation level increases within this ‘optimum’ range, participants in high workload situations make fewer sentence-processing errors and generally respond faster. Processing errors were more sensitive to changes in presentation level than were measures of reaction time. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of their application for the design of speech communications displays in complex multi-task environments.

Deployment of interurban ATT test scenarios (DIATS): implications for the European road network

The paper summarizes the research results and implications from the DGVII-funded Fourth Framework research project Deployment of Interurban ATT Test Scenarios (DIATS). The objective of DIATS was to identify options available in the short and medium terms, for implementing advanced transport telematics (ATT) systems for motorway-type roads and to develop scenarios of 'highest potential impact' for each of the systems identified. Included are the results of a Delphi study into the most likely deployment scenarios for ATT technologies. The methodology developed to assess the organizational, social, environmental, efficiency, safety and legal concerns associated with new ATT systems is then described. This includes stated preference questionnaires, traffic simulation modelling, driver behaviour assessment using an instrumented vehicle, analysis of accident databases and literature reviews. A multicriteria analysis of the impacts of a range of ATT systems is then presented. In particular, the results discuss the potential impacts of new in-vehicle driver assistance devices such as adaptive cruise control on the operation and effectiveness of existing fixed-infrastructure systems. The paper concludes with a prioritized list of deployment strategies of maximum impact for all of the systems assessed. The research findings are already being applied nationally and a number of field trial assessments that will assist in this are also proposed.

Deployment of interurban ATT test scenarios (DIATS): Implications for the European road network

The paper summarizes the research results and implications from the DGVII-funded Fourth Framework research project Deployment of Interurban ATT Test Scenarios (DIATS). The objective of DIATS was to identify options available in the short and medium terms, for implementing advanced transport telematics (ATT) systems for motorway-type roads and to develop scenarios of 'highest potential impact' for each of the systems identified. Included are the results of a Delphi study into the most likely deployment scenarios for ATT technologies. The methodology developed to assess the organizational, social, environmental, efficiency, safety and legal concerns associated with new ATT systems is then described. This includes stated preference questionnaires, traffic simulation modelling, driver behaviour assessment using an instrumented vehicle, analysis of accident databases and literature reviews. A multicriteria analysis of the impacts of a range of ATT systems is then presented. In particular, the results discuss the potential impacts of new in-vehicle driver assistance devices such as adaptive cruise control on the operation and effectiveness of existing fixed-infrastructure systems. The paper concludes with a prioritized list of deployment strategies of maximum impact for all of the systems assessed. The research findings are already being applied nationally and a number of field trial assessments that will assist in this are also proposed.