Russian Transport System Research Articles

Innovative design of the regional transport system: Intellectualization and energy efficiency

The paper studies domestic and world trends of innovative development of transport system, the supporting structure of which is indicative planning, implemented by the Russian state, which, anticipating the future, stimulates the process of development of intelligent transport system (ITS), and integration of its elements at all levels of the organized business and management environment. The Russian Federation has a strong transit potential, due to which it acts as a fundamental transport and logistics center of attraction for the countries of the Eurasian continent which occupies forty percent of the land area and has a population of about five and a half billion people. The development of intelligent transport system of Russia, based on innovative technologies of transport processes and technologies of digital economy, play an important role in increasing the competitiveness of the transport complex of the country as a whole, the domestic economy has a significant impact on the expansion and deepening of mutually beneficial economic cooperation with the countries of the world. Moscow and Tatarstan have created the most complete set of modern institutions, tools and mechanisms for providing services, technical equipment and solving emerging problems of ITS. On the territory of Kaluga region an automotive cluster with three technology parks is actively developing. In addition, the following clusters are being improved: IT, composite, scientific and educational, nuclear, and tourism clusters. However, the priority of development is given to the transport and logistics cluster of the region, in which such directions of activity dominate as the improvement of railways and highways, as well as the road network as a whole, based on the development and implementation in the region of intelligent transport and telecommunication systems. The research presents basic, conceptual provisions of the perspective projection of the development of the international intelligent transport system in Russia on the example of Kaluga region.

Непрерывное образование как условие повышения эффективности контроля (надзора) на транспорте в условиях санкций

The subject of the study is the regulation of the training of officials engaged in control and supervisory activities in transport in the context of the imposition of sanctions against Russia by unfriendly states. The purpose of the work is to identify problems that hinder the organization of effective control (supervision) in transport to ensure the safety of the functioning of the transport complex based on a critical analysis of the organizational and legal foundations of the current training procedure for state civil servants of Rostransnadzor. It is noted in the work that changes in legislation are predetermined by the need to train qualified personnel, which implies guaranteed provision of the transport system with qualified personnel for its stable, safe and uninterrupted operation in conditions of reorientation of transport and logistics chains; import substitution of critically important products and components; changes in the powers of supervisory and control bodies, etc. Based on the results of the study of these problems, it was concluded that the training of qualified personnel should be considered as an essential component of the security system of the transport complex and an indispensable condition for the effective and sustainable functioning of the transport system. The use of tools of linguistic-semiotic, formal-dogmatic and systemic-legal approaches will help to solve the tasks assigned to the Russian transport system for the provision of transport services.

Industry 4.0 technologies as a driver for the development of intelligent transport systems

The technologies of Industry 4.0 are considered as a driver of digitalization of transport and logistics ecosystems and their practical significance for increasing the efficiency of the industry, integrating with intellectual priorities for the development of the digital economy at the national and interstate levels.We used materials from open sources on the Internet, as well as the Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030, the strategy for the digital transformation of key sectors of the economy. The methodology of theoretical research, comparative and system analysis were applied. The results of the study show that the level of implementation of digital services and the digital connectivity of participants in the transport and logistics market will become determining factors in the process of increasing the competitiveness and efficiency of the transport industry.The results of the current stage of the digital transformation of the industry are characterized, the concept of the development of the logistics sector is presented, taking into account the current geopolitical agenda.Further scaling the use of digital services in transport and logistics ecosystems will solve the problem of ensuring the transport and digital sovereignty of the Russian Federation in the face of modern geopolitical challenges and will form points of growth for the competitiveness of the Russian transport system for Industry 4.0.In the context of the fourth industrial revolution, in order to increase the competitiveness of both the Russian economy as a whole and the transport and logistics industry, Russia will have to participate more actively in shaping the landscape of high-tech production, creating and implementing the main digital technologies that ensure its functioning.

Experts on Resistance to Reorganization of Structure and Technologies of Urban Mobility Provision in Russia: Challenges, Reasons, Solutions and Prospects

In 2022 a lot has changed in the Russian transport system. Today the urban transport systems of Russian cities are staying at the bifurcation point – they are awaiting serious changes. Therefore, it was interesting to investigate expert opinions of specialists on the prospects of the development of urban mobility provision technologies in Russia and possible changes in the current structure of citizens’ transportation approaches. The paper gives results of the research of opinions of transport market specialists on the issues of the probability of the shift of the current paradigm of transport services in Tyumen (a large Russian city with a population of 828.5 thousand people) and the necessity of reorganization of the structure and technologies of urban mobility provision due to the withdrawal of foreign automakers from the Russian market. The article presents the comparison of opinions between Tyumen professionals in the transport market and ordinary Russian citizens. The main conclusion of the research considers the serious resistance of the public environment to the expected reorganization of the structure and technologies of urban mobility provision in Russia.

АНАЛИЗ СОСТОЯНИЯ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ РОССИИ И ДРУГИХ СТРАН В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ

The presented article is devoted to the study of the transport system of the Russian Federation. The paper provides an analysis of the impact of the transport industry on the national economy. The main indicators characterizing the contribution of the transport system to the economic security of the country are determined. The dynamics of changes in the analyzed indicators in comparison with similar parameters of the most developed economies of the world is considered. As a result of the conducted research, conclusions are drawn about the level of development of the transport industry and its impact on Russia’s GDP and trade balance. The assessment of the degree of involvement of the national transport system in the world economy is also given and the level of dependence of the national economy on the import of transport services is determined. The results obtained allow us to assess the prospects of the Russian transport system in providing conditions for economic growth and improving the competitiveness of the national economy.

Technologies of the sixth technological mode in Russian transport and logistics ecosystem

The article considers advanced intellectual technologies of the sixth technological mode as a leading component of the development of the Russian transport and logistics ecosystem in the current geopolitical situation. The results of the study show that it is the level of implementation of digital services and digital connectivity between participants in the transport and logistics market that will be the determining factors in the process of increasing the competitiveness and efficiency of the transport industry. The results of the current stage of digital transformation of the industry are described, the concept of logistics development in the context of the current geopolitical agenda is presented. It can be deemed that further scaling up of the digital services utilization in transport and logistics ecosystems will secure transport and digital sovereignty of the Russian Federation in the context of the current geopolitical challenges and facilitate an increase in competitiveness of the Russian transport system for Industry 4.0.

Some aspects of the socio-economic development by the example of modeling the dynamics of the development of the transport system (Russian experience)

The economic importance of transport in the life of society is to ensure the development, communication and coordination of the work of all sectors of the economy. Transport contributes to the solidity of the state, allows you to maneuver resources, promptly resolve emergencies and coordinate issues related to the health of the nation. One of the most important indicators of social life in terms of the development of the transport system is the death rate on the roads. The models of forecasting the development of the transport system of the Russian Federation, based on a mathematical model of the spread of innovative technologies, on the example of rail and road transport, are considered. Generalizations of models and some results of their research are given. The article presents a comparative analysis of the Russian transport system by 11 indicators in accordance with the frequency of deaths in road accidents per 100,000 populations according to Rosstat data for 2020. Machine learning methods collected in the Data Master Azforus (DMA) program were applied. The conducted studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of using machine learning methods to identify patterns linking the number of deaths in road accidents per 100,000 populations with the indicators of the transport system.

Retrospective and future outlook of the Russian transport performance

The article highlights issues related to the topic of transport, its role in the state, and its place in the economy. The transport system, including the global one, is characterised as one of the fundamental spheres of the economy and society. Attention is paid to the main indicators characterising the transport system. The main part of the material is devoted to the assessment of Russian transport in recent hindsight - 2017-2021, as well as the indicators that are targets for Russia's transport in the future. The changes in the dynamics of the indicators are presented, as well as the reasons for the decrease in some of them. All the indicators are presented in tables, under which a short commentary on their changes is given. The article considers transport not only in terms of its main function, i.e. providing interconnection between states, companies, etc., but also as a productive transport involved in business processes. Furthermore, a list of factors constraining the development of the Russian transport system during the period under analysis is compiled. It is also shown that all of them were taken into account when such an important document for the country as the Transport Strategy until 2030 and the forecast until 2035 was being drawn up. The indicators included in this document are presented in two models: a conservative model and a baseline model. The document is designed in such a way as to ensure the future development of Russian transport.

Causes and consequences of truck production predominance in the Soviet automotive industry in the first half of the XX century

A significant predominance of the number of produced trucks over the number of passenger cars was a feature of domestic automotive industry development until the 70-ies of the XX century. This fact did not correspond to the global vector of automotive industry development. The paper analyses the causes and consequences of this phenomenon by involving mainly a corpus of statistical sources of Russian and foreign origin. The socialist foundation of the political structure of the state and the focus on the development of heavy industry in the economy are identified as the fundamental factors that determined the specifics of Russian automotive industry strategy. By comparing the volumes of freight turnover of railway, river and road transport, the length of communication routes of various types both within the USSR and with the corresponding indicators of foreign countries, the author picks out the features of the Russian transport system that determined the containment of the USSR automotive industry development as a whole and the passenger car industry in particular. The paper denotes poverty and low level of education going with it to be among the social phenomena that prevented the mass distribution of passenger cars in the USSR and did not allow to form consumers of passenger car industry products in the country. Based on domestic and foreign data sources, the article concludes about the stability, regularity and validity of the predominance of produced trucks over passenger cars in the economic development of the country in comparison with the pan-European ones. It is noted that among others the result of this sectoral strategy is the contribution of truck production to the industrial breakthrough of the USSR in the 30-ies and the victory over Nazi Germany and Japan in 19411945 as well as a complex of diverse phenomena that exhibited in various sectors of social and economic life of the Soviet Union. The author claims that the change in the ratio of manufactured trucks and passenger cars in favour of the latter occurred in the 70-ies of the XX century as a result of the victory in the inter-party struggle of the concept of peaceful coexistence. The use of new data allowed the author to identify the influence of politics in the Soviet socialist state on the development strategy of the automotive industry as one of the key sectors of the economy

Russian Maglev in integrated transport system

Background: Depending on the observed economic and geopolitical situation, before moving to a higher level, there were dependencies on excessive dependence between its regions in conditions of limited resources. A prerequisite for achieving national stability and security is the development of an integrated transport system of the country based on deep cooperation of all modes of transport, which makes it possible to effectively meet the demand for transportation both in technological and economic terms. At the same time, scientific and technological progress should not lead to the breakdown of connections in the transport system, it has a progressive nature, the possibility of interaction between the interaction of various modes of transport - rail, water, automobile, aviation, and prospective, in particular, maglev.
 Aim: to consider the possibility of including maglev transport, made according to Russian technology, into the integrated transport system of Russia as a priority mode of transport, to determine the principles of an integrated transport system and to rank the types of transport according to the degree of their compliance with national interests.
 Materials and Methods: the methodology of the study is based on the analysis of methods for evaluating the effectiveness of modes of transport, as well as the analysis of the technical and technological features of modes of transport. The information base of the study is based on the statistical information of the state statistics bodies of the Russian Federation, reports of companies participating in the transport industry, as well as data from open sources.
 Results: as a result of the research, substantiated the most complete compliance of the Russian Maglev transport system with national interests, the interests of business and society, identified promising niches for the use of the technology.
 Conclusion: the study confirms that the Russian Maglev technology should form the basis of the integrated transport system of Russia, which will ensure the country's transport security and high economic efficiency of cargo transportation.

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF INNOVATION IN TRANSPORT

This article highlights the main problems in the transport industry that hinder the development and implementation of innovations in this area. The description of the innovative infrastructure is given, which is able to ensure the implementation of innovative projects in the context of the main innovative directions in transport. The main innovative directions in transport that contribute to the development of the transport system of Russia are considered.

АНАЛИЗ ФАКТОРОВ И ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ

The stability of the regional transport system is considered as one of the key conditions for reducing the differentiation of regions in terms of socio-economic development. The purpose of this article is to analyze the factors and determine the sustainability indicators of the regional transport system. The definition of the stability of the regional transport system is given, and the main properties of sustainability are indicated: balance, adaptability and stationarity. The factors of sustainability are considered, which have both objective and subjective nature associated with the efficiency of public administration. In order to assess the sustainability of the regional transport system, a list of indicators is proposed, divided into three groups: economic, social and environmental. Statistical data and expert assessments characterizing the regional features of the Russian transport system are given.

The Psychological Space of Professionals’ Trust and Distrust in Socio-Technical Systems

The spatial aspect of professionals' trust and distrust in socio-technical systems has not been sufficiently explored. The study of its structure, criteria for spatial distribution, and interrelationships of elements is of both scientific and practical interest. To perform a comparative analysis of the trust and distrust experienced by professional operators in a socio-technical system of subject-subject and subject-object interactions. This work is based on A.B. Kupreychenko's methodological approach to studying trust and distrust in socio-technical systems, adapted by the authors to the railway transport system in Russia. The subjects were 86 locomotive crew members. The main focus was on their trust/distrust in the operation of the socio-technical (railway transport) system, including their workmates, managers, and themselves, as well as the technical objects they operate (locomotives), manufacturers of railway equipment, and conditions of its operation. The authors identified two relatively independent groups of indicators of trust/distrust in subject-subject and subject-object interactions. Trust in the elements of subject-subject interactions (involving workmates, managers, and the study participants themselves as specialists) was reliably higher than their trust in the elements of subject-object interactions (technical objects, manufacturers of railway equipment, and conditions of its operation). The correlations between trust and distrust in the elements of the socio-technical system were positive. Trust and distrust perform the functions of integrating/differentiating elements of a socio-technical system according to their predictability in various operating conditions. The degree of trust/distrust in the system elements and their "location" in the space of trust/distrust are important when professionals make decisions in the course of performing professional actions. The results of the study can be used for designing socio-technical systems to increase the predictability of their operation in unstable conditions.

Economic problems of the Russian transport system development

The paper considers the main economic problems of the Russian transport system development, defines the role of transport in the development of the national economy. The features of the development of the national transport system within the framework of integration into the international transport system are highlighted. The authors analyzed the main performance indicators of all modes of transport. The negative consequences of the pandemic on the development of the Russian transport system are presented. Proposals for its improvement have been developed.

Development of methodological approaches to improve the transport and logistics system using the international leasing

The article discusses the issue of transport infrastructure development, identifies the ways to improve the efficiency of the Russian transport system and applications of international leasing with the aim to expand the range of transport services. The purpose of this study is to develop a method intended to improve the transport and logistics system and enhance the investment activity using the opportunities provided by international leasing as a financial method. The authors propose an international leasing algorithm which can be used in the exports and imports of vehicles and a method for calculating the weight coefficient applied in determining and selecting more beneficial countries in the transport and logistics process. The method can be used to determine the significance of countries by their economic indicators for profitable cooperation in the exports and imports of equipment. The conclusions made can be used by companies providing export and import transport services based on international leasing.

Information integration efficiency in ports and port stations transport service

The presented article examines the problems that arise in the interaction of subjects of the transport and logistics process and suggests ways to solve them. At present, the carrying capacity of the Russian transport system on the approaches to the unloading areas and in ports remains insufficient. Therefore, the development of information systems is a necessary and most important condition for optimizing interaction in rail and water communication. The existing process of interaction of modes of transport in transport hubs is considered, which does not meet the modern requirements of subjects of interaction, in connection with this situation, an analysis of information integration into transport services in ports and port stations is carried out. The latest information technologies make it possible for the subjects of interaction to work in a single information field, which guarantees the relevance, integrity and consistency of information that will be used to make the necessary management decisions by all participants in the transportation process. Approbation and economic justification of measures based on the implementation of an information system at the port station in cooperation with the port showed a positive economic effect.

Post-war Projects of Academician V. N. Obraztsov for Development of Transport in the European North of the USSR

In 2024, the Russian Academy of Sciences will celebrate its three hundredth anniversary. In this regard, there is a relevant need to comprehend the contribution of Soviet scientists to reconstruction of the country’s economy after the Great Patriotic War. In 2021, Russian University of Transport where Academician V. N. Obraztsov once worked, celebrates the 125th anniversary. The scientific conceptualisation of the ways to develop the North of the country is of great importance for the development of the transport system of Russia. Hence, those factors determine the topicality of the objective of the article to study the projects for development of transport in the European North of the USSR put forward by Academician V. N. Obraztsov in the post-war period.To attain this objective, the system-structural and historicalcomparative methods were used. For the first time the activity of V. N. Obraztsov, as of an analyst and expert in the field of development of post-war railway transport, is analysed. It is concluded that having the talent of a major leader of transport projects, Obraztsov put forward research tasks adequate to the requirements of the time for reconstruction of the country’s economy after the war. Among these tasks, he considered modernisation and development of transport. In the projects of 1945, Obraztsov laid the foundations for long-term planning of railway, road, river, and air transport in the European North of the USSR for several decades ahead. The volume of the proposed construction was enormous. Even though the planned large-scale design of the transport infrastructure was not entirely feasible for implementation in a short time due to limited forces and resources of the country, it catches imagination with farreaching prospects for development of the European North and the Arctic. Academician Obraztsov’s programs for development of the north, being of great scientific value, are especially relevant in 21st century.

Сomparative analysis of economic efficiency application of milling excavator working equipment for pipeline undermining

Introduction. The use of pipeline transport for the movement of hydrocarbons and petroleum products is the main strategic system of Russia with a huge volume of cargo turnover. The share of pipeline transport in the freight turnover of the Russian transport system is over 48 %. Maintenance of the pipeline system is impossible without the use of mechanization and special equipment. So, to restore its working condition, various options for sets of machines are used.Implementation of the methodology. As a result of the research carried out, a set of machines was selected for performing the technological operations of the overhaul of a section of the steel main pipeline. The main technical and economic indicators are calculated, taking into account the efficiency and expediency of using a set of machines.Results. The economic efficiency of a set of machines, including a hydraulic excavator with a developed milling working equipment, the novelty of which is confirmed by patents for a useful model of the Russian Federation, has been determined.Discussion and conclusions. The directions of further research are the calculation and substantiation of the necessary operating parameters for the introduction into operation of the milling working equipment of a hydraulic excavator.

Research of the possibilities of the existing transport system in Russia for the transportation of goods and methane-hydrogen mixtures for export

The theory of using hydrogen and hydrogen-methane mixtures (HMC) assumes the operation of an industrial cluster created in the presence of significant reserves of methane, excess electricity, trunk pipeline facilities for transportation and storage, as well as contracts for the supply of mixtures to the domestic market and export. For a balanced decision on the use of existing facilities of the gas transmission network and underground storage facilities for methane-hydrogen mixtures, determination of transit volumes, additional research is required in order to take into account the peculiarities of the behaviour of hydrogen and its mixtures. The authors carried out work to systematize the features of production and storage, assess the consequences of accompanying negative effects to maintain the operational reliability of the production complex. Taking into account the preliminary results, additional research and the adoption of national and industry standards are required before starting significant investments in the creation of a hydrogen energy industry.

The concept of "coincidental cargo transportation" as a mechanism to improve the efficiency
 of railway transport

Background: The formation of mechanisms for sustainable development of the transport system of Russia should be aimed at improving its competitiveness.
 Aim: Development of technical and economic foundations for improving the efficiency of the transport system of Russia, on the example of railway transport.
 Methods: Theoretical methods of scientific research were used to achieve the goal: analysis, synthesis and modeling.
 Results: The original concept of "Coincidental freight transportation" with the necessity of technical modernization of freight cars is offered. The concepts of a coincidental route and a coincidental wagon are analyzed, and application of the mathematical apparatus for economic evaluation of the results is recommended.