Transportation Of Municipal Waste Research Articles

Optimizing Municipal Waste Collection: a Case Study of a City in Poland

The main problem of waste management is the increasing amount of municipal waste, and one of the key processes generating high costs is the waste collection process. The aim of the article was to optimize the route of a garbage truck using information technology (IT) software in one of the most populated Polish cities. The article tests the study hypothesis: the use of route optimization software will reduce the route length traveled by the garbage truck of the MZO in Pruszków. The data for the study was made available with the consent of the Municipal Treatment Plant in Pruszków. The received materials included information on, among others, Global Positioning System (GPS) readings of the garbage truck, including route start and end times, route length, average speed, driving time, and time of stops, points selected by the planners to collect waste along the route, information on the amount of waste collected during the implementation of the route, technical data on the moving vehicle and characteristics of the sorting plant were received. The article proposes the optimization of the routes of collection and transportation of municipal waste using the traveling salesman problem (TSP). The minimization of route length was assumed as the optimization criterion. All calculations were made in the Routimo program dedicated to route planning and optimization. As a result of the optimization, the route length was reduced by nearly 32%, and the working time by 9%. Thus, the research hypothesis stated in the article was positively verified.

Rationalisation of Costs in the Collection, Segregation and Transport of Municipal Waste

The article contains answers to three "why" questions: - why the waste management system still does not bring the expected results, and the Polish state is one of the lowest-ranking in the European score regarding the amount of segregated waste; - why the sale of selected secondary raw materials and their material reuse in production processes do not cover the costs related to waste management; - why it does not bring additional profits. The article is based on research conducted in Wroclaw from 1998 to 2018. There is a cost model that can be adapted to similar cases. The article deals with removing organisational and/or technical reasons causing the stagnation of selective waste collection.

Koszty systemu gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi w gminach w ujęciu procesowym

The aim of this article is to identify the processes involved in the management of municipal waste in communes and to determine their cost-intensity. The research was carried out on 40 randomly selected communes of the Podlaskie voivodeship, which ensure the representativeness for this region. The following research methods were used: studies of the literature on the subject, analysis of national and local legal acts, and analysis of reports on the implementation of the budget for 2019. In addition, the multiple regression method was used to determine the level of influence of the explanatory variables (costs attributed to the processes of the municipal waste management system) on the explained variable (total costs of the municipal waste management system). The research shows that in a process approach, this system includes seven processes: establishing the legal framework for the system’s operation; providing the technical infrastructure; determining the method of financing the service; selecting the service contractor; collecting and transporting municipal waste; managing municipal waste; as well as controlling and monitoring the system. The analysis of the budget execution reports of 40 communes in the Podlaskie voivodeship shows that the municipal waste management systems generating the highest costs are in municipalities and cities with poviat rights and the lowest in rural communes, while the highest level of costs per capita are in urban-rural communes. Moreover, a multiple regression analysis determined that processes 5 and 6 – collection and transport of municipal waste – as well as its management, are the most cost-intensive and also determine the total system costs.

Collection and Transportation of Municipal Waste during the COVID-19 Crisis

Collection and Transportation of Municipal Waste during the COVID-19 Crisis

Investigation and modelling of greenhouse gas emissions resulting from waste collection and transport activities.

Greenhouse gas emissions resulting from municipal solid waste management activities and the associated climate change impacts are getting great attention worldwide. This study investigates greenhouse gas emissions and their distribution during waste collection and transport activities in the Dammam region of Saudi Arabia. Greenhouse gas emissions and associated global warming factors were estimated based on diesel fuel consumption during waste collection and transport activities. Then, waste collection and transport data were used to parameterise a mechanistic collection model that can be used to estimate and predict future fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. For the collection and transport of municipal waste in the study area, the average associated total greenhouse gas emissions were about 24,935 tCO2-eq. Global warming factors for three provinces were estimated as 25.23 kg CO2-eq t-1, 25.04 kg CO2-eq t-1, and 37.15 kg CO2-eq t-1, respectively. Lastly, the American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model (AERMOD) modelling system was used to estimate the atmospheric dispersion of greenhouse gas emissions. Model results revealed that the maximum daily greenhouse gas concentrations ranged between 0.174 and 97.3 mg m-3, while annual average greenhouse gas concentrations were found to be between 0.012 and 27.7 mg m-3 within the study domain. The highest greenhouse gas concentrations were observed for the regions involving the municipal solid waste collection routes owing to their higher source emission rates.

Transport of municipal waste on the example of a selected city of the Silesian agglomeration - part 1. Legal requirements and logistic strategies

The article presents the issues related to the transport of municipal waste. The legal requirements relating to waste transport, a list of necessary documentation for conducting this type of activity and the required marking of vehicles are discussed. Logistics strategies related to the activities aimed at the implementation of municipal waste collection from the example of the city residents were also shown, allowing to limit the costs associated with this activity. De-scribed are waste collection systems and the most frequently used transport systems based on the criterion of the number of means of transport used for waste disposal. The article also contains information on the means of transport used. Finally, the costs of the example company for the means of transport used to collect municipal waste were analysed and factors important for the formation of these costs were presented. The article has been divided into two separate parts.

Transport of municipal waste on the example of a selected city of the Silesian agglomeration - part 2. Means of transport and costs

The article presents the issues related to the transport of municipal waste. The legal requirements relating to waste transport, a list of necessary documentation for conducting this type of activity and the required marking of vehicles are discussed. Logistics strategies related to the activities aimed at the implementation of municipal waste collection from the example of the city residents were also shown, allowing to limit the costs associated with this activity. De-scribed are waste collection systems and the most frequently used transport systems based on the criterion of the number of means of transport used for waste disposal. The article also contains information on the means of transport used. Finally, the costs of the example company for the means of transport used to collect municipal waste were analysed and factors important for the formation of these costs were presented. The article has been divided into two separate parts.

Formal and Legal Conditions of Municipal Waste Transport Planning

Formal and Legal Conditions of Municipal Waste Transport Planning

GHG emission factors developed for the collection, transport and landfilling of municipal waste in South African municipalities

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factors are used with increased frequency for the accounting and reporting of GHG from waste management. However, these factors have been calculated for developed countries of the Northern Hemisphere and are lacking for developing countries. This paper shows how such factors have been developed for the collection, transport and landfilling of municipal waste in South Africa. As such it presents a model on how international results and methodology can be adapted and used to calculate country-specific GHG emission factors from waste. For the collection and transport of municipal waste in South Africa, the average diesel consumption is around 5dm3 (litres) per tonne of wet waste and the associated GHG emissions are about 15kgCO2equivalents (CO2e). Depending on the type of landfill, the GHG emissions from the landfilling of waste have been calculated to range from −145 to 1016kgCO2e per tonne of wet waste, when taking into account carbon storage, and from 441 to 2532kgCO2e per tonne of wet waste, when carbon storage is left out. The highest emission factor per unit of wet waste is for landfill sites without landfill gas collection and these are the dominant waste disposal facilities in South Africa. However, cash strapped municipalities in Africa and the developing world will not be able to significantly upgrade these sites and reduce their GHG burdens if there is no equivalent replacement of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) resulting from the Kyoto agreement. Other low cost avenues need to be investigated to suit local conditions, in particular landfill covers which enhance methane oxidation.