Transport In Delhi Research Articles

Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Bus Crashes in City Bus Transport: Case of Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC), India

Road crashes are one of the leading causes of deaths in the world and are causing a significant loss to the economy. Public transport, whether road or rail based, is considered the safest mode of travel for most people across the globe. This study examines bus safety in India, in particular Delhi, the capital of India. A detailed spatial and temporal analysis of Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) bus crashes was conducted using Kernel Density Estimation to identify hot-spots and crash-prone corridors of crashes involving DTC buses. From 2015-2019, the majority of people injured in crashes involving DTC buses were vulnerable road users (78%) including the death of 55 people (22% of crashes). Recommendations to prevent bus crashes include bus modification, improvements to infrastructure for bus travel (e.g., bus stops, bus bays) and overall road safety measures (e.g., reduced speed).

How power and politics shape niche-regime interactions: A view from the Global South

The significant role of politics in shaping sustainability transitions (ST) is well-recognized but still under-researched, especially in the Global South, where institutional context can differ widely from the Global North. For instance, informal transport is a unique and common feature of many Global South countries and constitutes complexity that is not captured adequately by transition studies’ conceptual frameworks. This study explores how power and politics surrounding informal occupations shape niche-regime interactions in a Global South country by examining the emergence, development and subsequent legitimization of the informal electric rickshaw (ER) transport in Delhi (India). The study shows the limitation of dichotomous conceptualizations like niche/new entrants vs. regime/incumbents and fit-and-conform vs. stretch-and-transform in understanding niche-regime interactions and argues that studying how politics of transition unfolds in the Global South's informal spaces can broaden the conceptual horizons.

Analysing acceptability of E-rickshaw as a public transport innovation in Delhi: A responsible innovation perspective

The Electrical (E)-rickshaw as of the many emerging technologies for e-mobility has witness critical and challenging issues like sustainability, accountability and responsibility while it becomes one of the new transportation means in India. The responsible innovation approach is interesting to analyse for acceptance and adoption of E-rickshaw as a legal vehicle technology for India. Paper also addresses whether the case of E-rickshaw as a component of the public transport in Delhi can be a responsible innovation. The interviews, focused group discussions, non-participant observations, and survey methods used to trace deliberation and participation processes for the emerging innovation. The findings suggest that reliability, safety, ownership, solidarity, competitiveness, affordability, last-mile connectivity, accessibility, happiness, gender equity, non-polluting, employability, social equity, comfortability, healthiness, profitability as universal and culture-specific values are embedded in this innovation. These values make this product socially, economically and environmentally sustainable in the region.

DTC Ki Dhandhli (The Corrupt Trappings of the Delhi Transport Corporation): A Nukkad Natak (Street Play) by the Jana Natya Manch (JANAM)

DTC Ki Dhandhli (The Corrupt Trappings of the Delhi Transport Corporation): A Nukkad Natak (Street Play) by the Jana Natya Manch (JANAM)

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Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC and Delhi Metro-Rail System (DMRS) are two important public transport systems in Delhi. The DMRS has been attractive in respect to ridership but in 2015 it has shown a decrease in its ridership. It has also been found that ridership of the bus service, the most important public transport system for the poor in Delhi, has decreased over time whereas the numbers of private vehicles have recorded phenomenal increase resulting in traffic congestions and pollution problems in the city. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of the fear of crimes along with other reasons for decreasing trends in the usage of public transport in Delhi. The study is based on people opinion and perception for which 350 persons were interviewed with the structured questionnaire from ten transit places having varied socio-economic conditions. Fear of crimes within buses/coaches is considered an important reason for not using public transport in western countries but as per this study, the same is not true in the case of Delhi. Role of fear of crimes along with other factors was verified with the spearman’s correlation coefficient. The weak negative correlation has been found between the preference to public bus services and the fear of crimes; the crowing; the unavailability. It indicates that along with these other factors are equally responsible for the choice of public transports in Delhi.

A Benchmarking Strategy for Delhi Transport Corporation: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis

The growth of any developing economy depends largely on its transport sector. Growing economy leads to more job opportunities and movement of people from rural to urban areas. Public road transport hence plays a significant role as a support system in carrying passengers. This paper discusses the efficiency of State Transport Undertakings of India, in particular, Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) using the technique of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and regression analysis. A data set of 46 State Transport Undertakings of India have been considered for the study. DEA was applied to compute the efficiencies of units under study. Potential improvements in the input and output variables were computed for the inefficient units. Regression analysis was then performed to identify the explanatory variables that significantly affect the input and output variables. It was observed that DTC is one amongst the worst performers. It showed a technical inefficiency of 50.94% and was operating on decreasing returns to scale. Further, DTC needs to increase its output substantially in order to attain the level of efficiency. Also it is not utilizing its resources optimally as it needs to reduce all its inputs. In other words, DTC is not utilizing its resources as optimally as its efficient peers. This paper is an attempt to apply regression technique along with the non parametric technique of Data Envelopment Analysis so that the decision makers of DTC can identify the areas where improvement is required and plan a strategy to improve their performance. This would enable DTC to move from a loss incurring to a profit making unit.

Uber taxi cab-handling crisis communication

Subject area The case is written for MBA or senior undergraduate courses on communication global strategy, leadership or strategy implementation. Study level/applicability The case is written for MBA or senior undergraduate courses on communication global strategy, leadership or strategy implementation. The case can be taught towards the end of a communications course to learn about crisis communications and the importance of understanding the local institutional and socio-political contexts, including the media during a crisis. For a strategy implementation class, this case can be used in the segment focusing on action and leadership. Case overview An extremely difficult situation arose for Uber Cab, a US-based company operating in India, on December 8, 2014, when its taxi services were banned by the Delhi government due to growing anger over the suspected rape of a 27-year-old female executive by one of its drivers. Uber Cab claims that it offers the “safest rides on the road”, but this episode proved otherwise, as the accused was identified as a repeat offender. Initial interrogation by the police highlighted the negligence of the company regarding background checks and police verification while recruiting driver partners. The police further revealed that the driver did not have a Delhi Transport Authority-issued license. Furthermore, the company was not able to provide a call log to police, as such information was said to be gathered at the company’s headquarters in New York. To handle this situation, Uber Cab suspended its operations until the company could apply for a fresh registration and trade license. What was the significance of this incident to a brand like Uber Cab? Could its effect on the regulation of taxi services have been anticipated? How and when should the brand have reacted? Looking forward, what contingency planning would be appropriate? Should brand management, customer service management or the human resources department have been held accountable, or did the responsibility lie elsewhere in the organization? Expected learning outcomes The expected learning outcomes are as follows: to understand how institutional differences can create unintended consequences for an multinational enterprise working in an emerging market (early-stage institutions); to understand the critical role of a country manager in mobilizing the local organization and the headquarters to respond to a crisis; also, the role of the headquarters to provide flexibility and support to the local executive; and to understand the inevitable role of the local press in an organizational crisis, and the need for business leaders to deal with the press effectively. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 6: Human Resource Management.

Public Health Burden of Transport in Delhi

Background Motorised transport contributes to health burden resulting from inactive lifestyles, air pollution (AP), and road traffic injuries (RTI). The burden is the greatest in rapidly motorising, low- and middle-income countries such as India. Cities in India are generally more polluted, travel is conducted through a diverse range of travel modes, and number of motor vehicles is growing rapidly in the absence of sufficient infrastructure for walking and cycling. The magnitude of health burden due to the three risk factors (AP, RTI and physical activity (PA)) and their determinants have not been quantified in India at a city level. Methods We present a case study of Delhi. We estimated travel patterns from household travel survey, developed emission forecast model for transport and modelled fine particulate AP, measured on-road exposure to pollution, and analysed RTI database. We used comparative risk assessment approach to estimate the baseline health burden attributed to the three risk factors. Results Pollution exposure and injury risk during active travel are an order of magnitude higher than in high-income settings. We estimated that 9% of all-cause mortality for population older than 15 years is attributed to transport-related AP or RTI. Up to 13% of baseline death burden has been prevented due to current levels of travel-related PA. In the presence of multitude of pollution sources, the share of passenger travel (motorised two-wheelers, cars, buses and auto rickshaws) to overall pollution remains modest (10%).There are significant sex-specific differences in health burden. These result from lower share of females in overall travel and higher baseline health burden among males. Exposure estimates also indicate significant socio-economic inequalities. Conclusions High levels of air pollution exposure and injury risk during active travel compared to cars need to be reduced to retain the current mode shares. Continuing absence of physical activity from public discourse on transport in India needs to be addressed. AP mitigation policies with a focus only on passenger transport will be insufficient to have any significant impact. Sustained reduction in the current levels of AP can only be achieved through a multi-sector strategy.

A Conceptual Approach for Optimising Bus Stop Spacing

An efficient public transportation system is essential of any country. The growth, development and shape of the urban areas are mainly due to availability of good transportation (Shah et al. in Inst Town Plan India J 5(3):50–59, 1). In developing countries, like India, travel by local bus in a city is very common. The accidents, congestion, pollution and appropriate location of bus stops are the major problems arising in metropolitan cities. Among all the metropolitan cities in India, Delhi has highest percentage of growth of population and vehicles. Therefore, it is important to adopt efficient and effective ways to improve mobility in different metropolitan cities in order to overcome the problem and to reduce the number of private vehicles on the road. The primary objective of this paper is to present a methodology for developing a model for optimum bus stop spacing (OBSS). It describes the evaluation of existing urban bus route, data collection, development of model for optimizing urban bus route and application of model. In this work, the bus passenger generalized cost method is used to optimize the spacing between bus stops. For the development of model, a computer program is required to be written. The applicability of the model has been evaluated by taking the data of urban bus route of Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) in Excel sheet in first phase. Later on, it is proposed to develop a programming in C++ language. The developed model is expected to be useful to transport planner for rational design of the spacing of bus stops to save travel time and to generalize operating cost. After analysis it is found that spacing between the bus stop comes out to be between 250 and 500 m. The Proposed Spacing of bus stops is done considering the points that they don’t come nearer to metro/rail station, entry or exit of flyover and near traffic signal.

Operational and financial performance of Delhi's natural gas-fueled public bus transit fleet: A critical evaluation

Following a Supreme Court of India directive, the bus fleet of the Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) was converted to run on compressed natural gas (CNG) from around 1999 to 2000, to address the city's air pollution. We critically evaluate the operational and financial performance of DTC's bus fleet from 1989–90 to 2010–11 – that is, from ten years prior to CNG implementation until 10 years after – to assess how this performance was affected by the fuel switch, as well as the introduction of low-floor CNG buses.CNG implementation caused a significant reduction in the capacity to deliver transit service at DTC in the initial stages of the fuel transition. Also, it necessitated investments in buses at a considerable cost premium relative to their diesel counterparts. Operating costs per kilometre grew, due to increased fuel expenditures per kilometre, because of the lower fuel economy, and increased maintenance costs and breakdowns per kilometre, on the CNG buses. These costs were further exacerbated by the introduction of the low-floor CNG buses. Despite increased capacity due to the investments in the CNG buses, passenger-kilometres generally declined over our analysis period. As a result, operating costs per passenger-kilometre, and the ratio of operating costs to traffic revenues, have progressively worsened.We conclude that the financial situation resulting from these effects due to CNG implementation may have detracted from the ability to enhance transit capacity and provide transit service overall. Our study also demonstrates the need to analyze policies such as CNG implementation broadly, in terms of conflicts and trade-offs between environmental, and other (transit operation, socio-economic and equity) objectives, rather than narrowly in terms of only environmental outcomes.

Prediction of Bus Travel Time Using ANN: A Case Study in Delhi

Quality of the bus travel time is improved by the accurate prediction of bus travel time. Accurate travel time information is essential as it attract more commuters and increase commuter's satisfaction. The prime objective of this study is to develop a model that predicts bus travel time based on (Global Positioning System) GPS data using artificial neural network (ANN). The bus travel time prediction model developed in this study includes the number of passengers boarding and alighting, average nonstop trip time, and number of dwells at each at each stop. The real world data collected from route no 832 of Delhi Transport Cooperation (DTC) was used to developed and validate the model. The performance of the developed model is estimated by comparing it with other model using conventional measures such as mean absolute error and root mean square error. Finally, the result indicates that developed model is slightly proficient in achieving predicted travel time with sufficient accuracy.

Station Area Design Approach for Enhancing Multimodal Urban Transport System, New Delhi

Delhi metro was conceived foreseeing the rising concern of traffic in and around the Delhi region and after implementation it helped in reducing considerable amount of personalized vehicles off the roads of Delhi. Delhi metro runs with the support of other modes like Feeder bus, DTC (Delhi Transport Corporation) bus, IPT (Intermediate Public Transport) etc. and form the framework of multimodal urban public transport system of Delhi. It forms the life line of Delhi's urban transportation scenario. This research aims to study various aspects of station area design in order to enhance the passenger's comfort and convenience. The station amenities like physical infrastructure including parking area, transfer area, metro ridership data, pedestrian network, bicycle facilities, feeder shelter, taxi stands (IPT Stands) etc. play a key role in convenient transfers in a multimodal transport system. The Delhi metro stations of Red line and Yellow line were identified for the case study. A commuter travel time questionnaire and detailed station area inventory was conducted to assess the existing situation. Several design area parameters were analysed for improvement of station area premises. Based on the analysis this study identifies good practices and recommendations are given to improve the existing system performance.

India's new globalization strategy and its consequences for urban development: the impact of the 2010 Commonwealth Games on Delhi's transport system

ABSTRACTDeveloping nations increasingly seek mega-events in the pursuit of globalization. India has recently renewed such aspirations by hosting the XIX Commonwealth Games in Delhi in 2010. The purpose of the paper is to assess Delhi's urban transport development through a sporting mega-event as a globalization strategy for a developing country. Therefore, the authors comparatively analyse the transport plans pre-bid (2003) and transport legacies (2013). The authors argue that the alignment of the mega-event needs with Delhi's urban master plan was partially fulfilled as many infrastructural projects were catalysed. However, the Games also compelled the city to invest in developments that were required for the successful delivery of the Games. This paper contributes to the discussion on how mega-events influence urban planning and points out significant challenges and opportunities developing cities face when preparing for a sporting mega-event.

Delhi Transport Department: Case of Uber Taxi Rape

This case describes the events following an incident of a rape in a taxi associated with Uber, by its driver. Uber was an application based taxi operator. The events raised several issues for government systems and processes, such as need for regulation of new formats of business like application based taxi services, integrated databases, checks against forgery and holistic approach towards women safety. The case also brings out how an e-commerce business raises regulatory concerns.

Efficiency Comparison of Bus Operators in Delhi

There is an apparent inefficiency in the workings of the primary bus operators in New Delhi. The paper focuses on labor inefficiency and compares the compensation schemes offered to the conductors of the two major bus operators in Delhi- Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) and Delhi Integrated Multi-Modal Transit System (DIMTS). Such a study which compares the labour efficiency, and incentive schemes offered by these two primary bus services has not been done before. The results from the interview of bus conductors of DTC and DIMTS are used to establish the presence of moral hazard. The wide literature on the principal-agent problem is then examined, to find a wage scheme for DTC employees, which provides adequate incentives to them to perform efficiently. Hart and Holmstrom’s (1987) non-linear wage model is suggested in this case study to eliminate the problem of moral hazard. It is also found that the wage scheme offered by DIMTS is more efficient than that of DTC.

Energy demand and CO2 emissions from urban on-road transport in Delhi: current and future projections under various policy measures

This work presents an analysis of road transportation in Delhi region with focus on energy demand and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The study has considered five scenarios for the year 2021; one business as usual, and four future alternative scenarios, with 2007 as the reference year. The alternative scenarios have been developed by considering the introduction of six policy interventions, namely; construction of integrated mass rapid transit system (IMRTS), fixed bus speed, hike in parking fees, fuel efficiency, stringent emission norms, and increase in the occupancy of private vehicles. An integrated Activity-Structure-EnergyIntensity-Fuel Mix (ASIF) framework has been used to model, energy demand and CO2 emissions. The outcome from the study shows that 2021-ALT-IV scenario gives the best-estimate results, which translated to ∼32% reduction in annual energy demand than projected in 2021-BAU scenario. This reduces the daily per-capita energy requirement to 5.3 MJ in 2021-ALT-IV scenario, contributing to about 2.9 million tons of CO2 emissions. This scenario further reduces fossil fuel demand by ∼48% compared to 2021-BAU scenario; however, Delhi Metro will require a huge amount of electrical energy by the year 2021 making it inevitable to adopt cleaner electricity generation options in the near future. Therefore, the current study shows that shift to public transport use would not will merely be sufficient to reduce energy demand, oil use and carbon emissions from passenger transport in urban areas of developing countries.

Impact of cycle rickshaw trolley (CRT) as non-motorised freight transport in Delhi

Cycle rickshaw trolley (CRT) is a widely used non-motorised mode of intra-city freight transport in Delhi. While a number of studies are available for non-motorised passenger rickshaws, role of CRT in urban goods movement has not been studied adequately. This paper presents findings from a survey of 2000 CRT drivers in Delhi in 2011. The paper highlights the contribution of CRT in city goods movement, savings in fuel and emissions and benefits to CRT drivers. If CRT s are replaced by motorised vehicles, CO2 emissions from vehicular traffic will increase by over 3% and hydrocarbon emissions will increase by over 8% and six to seven hundred thousand people will have to find alternate employment. The findings have a direct impact on various urban freight policies and welfare policies for the poor.

Performance Evaluation of Multimodal Transportation Systems

Connectivity of more than one mode to a line haul in an urban area constitutes the multimodal transport system of the city. In this paper New Delhi has been taken up as a case study to evaluate performance of multimodal transportation system (MMTS), where metro became main mode in routine public transport trips. Public transport in Delhi carries only about 60% of total vehicular person trips as against 80% of the expected population size of the city. The present bus services, metro rail and IRBT (Integrated Rail-cum-Bus Transit), if implemented as planned together are estimated to carry about 15 million trips per day by 2021. Since, all the public transport trips are multimodal, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of multimodal transportation systems. The study is divided into two phases. In the first phase, the study of travel time elements (access time, transfer time, waiting time, line-haul time, and egress time) is done. Next, the influence of access and egress times on the total travel time is examined. Use is made of a comprehensive commuter travel diary to collect detail travel time estimates. A representative commuter survey, with 460 respondents, is drawn on platform at each station of Red Line and Yellow Line (Kashmiri Gate – Saket) Delhi Metro. Implementing the Second phase of study, performance measures such as Travel Time Ratio, Level of Service, Interconnectivity Ratio, Passenger Waiting Index, and Running Index were evaluated. Interconnectivity ratio (proportion of access and egress time w.r.t total travel time) for various combinations such as Mixed-Metro-Mixed, Walk-Metro-Walk, Walk-Metro-Bus and Walk- Bus-Walk has been observed. Travel Time (defined as the time differential between private transport and public transport) ratio shows much variation with trip direction, time of day, mode used, and distance travelled, etc.,. Level of Service Indicator (Out- of-vehicle Travel Time/In-Vehicle Travel Time) ratio inferred that people spends more time out-of-vehicle as compared to that of in-vehicle. Access time, transfer time, waiting time and egress time are the most important and complex travel time elements that transport systems should consider improving its efficiency and modal share. The results can be used in planning catchment area of public transport. Access and egress (together with waiting and transfer times) appear as factors that affect effectiveness and performance of a multimodal transportation system to a larger extent as unacceptable distances are likely to reduce ridership patronage. At the same time, there are key deciding factors when a trip originates as to whether the commuter shall choose public transit over personal mode of travel.

ANP-AHP Supported Group Decision Support System for Public and Private Sector Participation in New Delhi Expressway System

Delhiite‟s love affair with the automobile is becoming even more „passionate‟ and inspite of the authorities trying desperately hard, the traffic gridlock merely moves on to the next intersection. The complexity of the goals of New Delhi Transport System and its relationship with other Public and Private Organizations makes the managerial decision making regarding New Delhi Expressway System Planning, a multicriteria, multi-dimensional and multi-approach task. It is not realistic to submit decisions to such a critical problem without proper visualization of the preferred future. In this paper, a ANP-AHP based Group Decision Support System for Information Visualization is presented and its main components are analyzed and discussed for effective managerial decision making by mutual participation of public and private sector in New Delhi Expressway System to solve the city‟s traffic problems. The Model Base Management Subsystem interacts with Project Planning and Implementation Module, Project Financing and Managing Module, Project Infrastructure Leasing Module, Subsidy and Pricing Module; Multi-criteria Iterative Futuristic Decision Process Methodology based Multi-criteria Futuristic Decision Process Platform and Quality Decision Network-Virtual Desk through Central Vision Navigator Board for strategic, tactical and operational planning of New Delhi Expressway System for the next 5 years.

Application of analytic hierarchy process to prioritise urban transport options – comparative analysis of group aggregation methods

This paper presents a comparative analysis of different group aggregation methods adopted in analytic hierarchy process by testing them against social choice axioms with a case study of Delhi transport system. The group aggregation methods and their correctness were tested while prioritising the alternative options for energy efficient and less polluting transport system in Delhi. It was observed that among all group aggregation methods, geometric mean method, the most widely adopted group aggregation method of analytic hierarchy process, showed poor performance and failed to satisfy the most popular ‘Pareto optimality and non-dictatorship axiom’ raising questions on its validity as group aggregation method. All other group aggregation methods namely weighted arithmetic mean method with varying weights and equal weights and arithmetic mean of individual priorities resulted in concurring results with the individual member priorities. It was observed that weighted arithmetic mean method with equal weights aggregates individual priorities better compared to arithmetic mean method with varying weights. Arithmetic mean of the priorities by individual members of the group showed minimum deviation from the group consensus making it most suitable and simple method of aggregation.