Transport Fleet Research Articles

Innovative Governance in Improving Excellent Services of Municipal Waterworks in Surabaya City

Municipal waterworks services in Surabaya City are considered inadequate and have caused many public complaints. To change this situation, innovation in government services is needed. The innovation provided must be in accordance with customer conditions and complaints. Municipal waterworks, which are regionally owned enterprises, are closely related to local governments; that is why governance innovation is needed. This study aims to describe innovative governance in Municipal Waterworks Surya Sembada Kota Surabaya. This study used the qualitative descriptive method. The subjects of this study were 5 Surabaya City people who were users of Municipal Waterworks Surya Sembada Surabaya services and 3 employees of Municipal Waterworks Surya Sembada Surabaya. The object of this study is the quality of services. Data collection techniques included interviews and documentation that is analyzed descriptively. Interviews were conducted about efficiency, effectiveness, conflict, orientation, and decision-making in providing services. The results obtained from this study show that Municipal Waterworks Surya Sembada Surabaya City has carried out innovative governance consisting of digitalization of services and work systems. Municipal Waterworks Surya Sembada Surabaya City uses the CIS (Customer Information System) application to make it easier for customers to report, pay, and register new installations. Innovative governance of Municipal Waterworks Surya Sembada Surabaya City has met eight indicators, namely, increased efficiency, improved effectiveness, improved service quality, no research conflicts, public interest orientation, carried out openly, fulfilled decision values, and accounted for the results. The human resources of Municipal Waterworks Surya Sembada Surabaya City are very competent but still experience obstacles in building communication with the community. The facilities and infrastructure of Municipal Waterworks Surya Sembada Surabaya City have met the standards, but additional transportation fleets are still required. Information technology of Municipal Waterworks Surya Sembada Surabaya City services has been maximized with the digitalization of services and work systems, but it is still constrained by applying for permits to local governments, which must be done manually and takes a long time. Keywords: service, innovative governance

Driving Sustainability in the United States: Efficacy of State-Level Biodiesel Policy Approaches.

The United States has significant greenhouse gas and criteria pollutant emissions that lead to global warming, human health, ozone, and smog issues, partially attributed to its diesel-consuming transport fleet. Until fleet electrification reaches cost parity with internal combustion engines, biodiesel use can reduce these negative impacts. In this study, we analyzed and categorized the biodiesel-supporting policies of each U.S. state using manual inductive coding to compare them against state-level biodiesel consumption and production. Through statistical modeling, we determined the efficacy of these policy approaches. The policy analysis identified that biodiesel policies that support infrastructure development and biodiesel production correlate significantly with increased biodiesel consumption at the state level. We also show that a combination of these policy categories correlates significantly with overall higher biodiesel consumption. Our methodological approach and policy analysis findings reveal valuable insight into the efficacy and outcomes from existing biofuel policies in the United States.

Designing and Implementing a Public Urban Transport Scheduling System Based on Artificial Intelligence for Smart Cities

Many countries encourage their populations to use public urban transport to decrease pollution and traffic congestion. However, this can generate overcrowded routes at certain times and low economic efficiency for public urban transport companies when buses carry few passengers. This article proposes a Public Urban Transport Scheduling System (PUTSS) algorithm for allocating a public urban transport fleet based on the number of passengers waiting for a bus and considering the efficiency of public urban transport companies. The PUTSS algorithm integrates artificial intelligence (AI) methods to identify the number of people waiting at each station through real-time image acquisition. The technique presented is Azure Computer Vision. In a case study, the accuracy of correctly identifying the number of persons in an image was computed using the Microsoft Azure Computer Vision service. The proposed PUTSS algorithm also uses Google Maps Service for congestion-level identification. Employing these modern tools in the algorithm makes improving public urban transport services possible. The algorithm is integrated into a software application developed in C#, simulating a real-world scenario involving two public urban transport vehicles. The global accuracy rate of 89.81% demonstrates the practical applicability of the software product.

About the role of PJSC «Krasnoe Sormovo Plant» in providing logistics for water transport in Russia

This work is devoted to the analysis of the role of PJSC «Krasnoe Sormovo Plant» in providing logistics for water transport in Russia. The article provides information about the history of the company's development from the moment of its creation to the present. Special attention is paid to the activities of PJSC "Krasnoe Sormovo Plant" on the development and implementation of plans for the renewal of the fleet of ships in the modern period, which depend on the conjuncture of the freight market, the availability of credit resources, the general state of the economy, the development of the transport system, the state of port facilities and waterway infrastructure. Statistical data characterizing the financial and economic condition of a public joint stock company are presented. The promising areas of activity of PJSC "Krasnoe Sormovo Plant" to meet the needs of the state in implementing a policy of improving transport logistics, attracting additional cargo flows to inland waterway transport are outlined.

Digital Twin Approach for Operation and Maintenance of Transportation System-Systematic Review.

There is a growing need to implement modern technologies, such as digital twinning, to improve the efficiency of transport fleet maintenance processes and maintain company operational capacity at the required level. A comprehensive review of the existing literature is conducted to address this, offering an up-to-date analysis of relevant content in this field. The methodology employed is a systematic literature review using the Primo multi-search tool, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The selection criteria focused on English studies published between 2012 and 2024, resulting in 201 highly relevant papers. These papers were categorized into seven groups: (a) air transportation, (b) railway transportation, (c) land transportation (road), (d) in-house logistics, (e) water and intermodal transportation, (f) supply chain operation, and (g) other applications. A notable strength of this study is its use of diverse scientific databases facilitated by the multi-search tool. Additionally, a bibliometric analysis was performed, revealing the evolution of DT applications over the past decade and identifying key areas such as predictive maintenance, condition monitoring, and decision-making processes. This study highlights the varied levels of adoption across different transport sectors and underscores promising areas for future development, particularly in underrepresented domains like supply chains and water transport. Additionally, this paper identifies significant research gaps, including integration challenges, real-time data processing, and standardization needs. Future research directions are proposed, focusing on enhancing predictive diagnostics, automating maintenance processes, and optimizing inventory management. This study also outlines a framework for DT in transportation systems, detailing key components and functionalities essential for effective maintenance management. The findings provide a roadmap for future innovations and improvements in DT applications within the transportation industry. This study ends with conclusions and future research directions.

Mitigating GHG Emissions from Military Supply Chain by Use of Aerial Cable Way

The transportation sector being one of the significant contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, there is growing concerns about environmental sustainability, and reducing GHG emissions which has prompted re-evaluation of transportation systems. The 1.5 million strong Indian defence forces have huge transport fleet and this study delves into the potential of Aerial Cableway (ACW) as a promising alternative mode of transport that can significantly reduce emissions of military supply chain in mountainous terrain. The study takes a case of Himalayan terrain to investigate how ACWs offer a low-impact, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly solution compared to conventional ground-based transportation. It takes a case of Pharkian Pass in North Kashmir where defence forces has presence and this pass is often exposed to frequent landslides, snowfall and avalanches. Every year, on an average, approximately 12,000 trucks cross Pharkian pass in a year for purpose of logistics and sustenance. Without touching sensitive issues and by using a multi-criteria-based cost-benefit analysis, the study establishes that even if 75 % of road transport trips are shifted to ACWs, the reduction of GHG emissions is by 57.7 % in addition to significant benefits of the social cost of carbon, environmental costs, economic savings and ensuring strategic advantage like all-weather connectivity.

A multi-level multi-product supply chain network design of vegetables products considering costs of quality: A case study.

Effective logistics management is crucial for the distribution of perishable agricultural products to ensure they reach customers in high-quality condition. This research examines an integrated, multi-echelon supply chain for perishable agricultural goods. The supply chain consists of four stages: supply, processing, storage, and customers. This study investigates the quality-related costs associated with product perishability to maximize supply chain profitability. Key factors considered include the network design, location of processing and distribution centers, the ability to process raw products to minimize post-harvest quality degradation, the option to sell the excess produce to a secondary market due to unpredictable yields, and the decision not to fulfill demand from distant customers where significant quality loss and price drops would be involved, instead diverting those products to the aforementioned secondary market. Quantitative methods and linear mathematical programming are employed to model and validate the proposed supply chain using actual data from a real-world case study on vegetable supply chains. The main contribution of this research is the incorporation of quality costs into the objective function, which allows the supply chain to prioritize meeting nearby customers' demands with minimal quality loss over serving distant customers where high quality loss is unavoidable. Additionally, deploying a faster transportation fleet can significantly improve the overall profitability of the perishable product supply chain.

Diagnosing the truck engine operation by evaluating engine oil wear and issuing maintenance recommendations

Abstract The lubricating oil of an internal combustion engine (i.c.e.) performs several functions having a major contribution to the reliability of the system, implying proper operation during the period of exploitation. Replacing the engine oil ahead reaching the turnover / time corresponding to preventive maintenance it turns out to be sometime an imperative action, with negative implications on operating costs. Any user of today vehicles desire to use the engine performances at full percentage, and for that an important condition becomes the changing of the oil at defined intervals of time/rollover intervals. Thus, it is very important to be aware when to replace because a late change of oil can affect the engine operation and, surely, the performance of the vehicle. Premature oil change influences costs, the environment and is considered a harmful action in terms of the process of depletion of resources. As regards the operating conditions, it is intended that they are similar for all vehicles taken into consideration. It is imperative that the study be carried out by investigating the operation of a single type of engine, with a single type of engine oil, for several vehicles with the same technical characteristics. It is considered that the transport fleets are the concrete source that falls under the already mentioned conditions and a methodology based on the analysis of the 10W30 oil samples used in the MX - 11 330 H2, EURO 6 engines of the DAF vehicles within the fleet of one transport company from Argeş county will be used. The authors of this paper will analyze the following properties of the oil: viscosity, density, flash point, contamination with fuel and water content, these being the most important in illustrating the degree of wear and tear of it. The information about the evolution during the exploitation period of these characteristics is the basis for the elaboration of maintenance strategies considering the three desiderata: the environmental issues, the vehicle’s reliability, and the operating costs of the vehicle.

Some aspects of reliability prediction of chemical industry and hydrogen energy facilities (vessels, machinery and equipment) operated in emergency situations and extreme conditions

This work is aimed at a comprehensive solution to the problem of reliable and safe operation of a transport energy system with a high energy concentration based on a universal energy carrier - cryogenic liquid hydrogen.The article discusses the possibility of using various methods and techniques to assess the reliability of machines and equipment operated in emergency situations and extreme conditions. The obtained results are analyzed.Currently, the oil and gas complex pays great attention to the development of hydrogen technologies, as well as hydrogen energy in connection with the relevance of the Climate Agenda. In this regard, hydrogen energy facilities are of the greatest interest: cryogenic hydrogen reservoirs, cryogenic hydrogen pipelines, cryogenic oxygen reservoirs and cryogenic oxygen pipelines, as well as cryogenic reservoirs and pipelines for storing process nitrogen gas. An important role for global energy exchange is played by LH2 tankers for transporting cryogenic hydrogen. For example, Australia and Japan built the first LH2 tanker to transport hydrogen from Australia to Japan. In addition, another 85 LH2 tankers are expected to be built.After transportation, cryogenic hydrogen is stored in cryogenic hydrogen storages, usually also representing cryogenic hydrogen tanks with piping in the form of cryogenic pipelines, as well as cryogenic nitrogen tanks for storing process nitrogen gas. Further, hydrogen is used in road transport, aviation, ship fleet, industry, and energy. The main elements of mobile, stationary and airborne hydrogen storage systems are under critical loads and are in the area of increased study and attention.In this regard, we considered the functions of changing the main operational characteristics, made proposals on the possibility of predicting the development of accumulated faults and proposals for ensuring safety and extending the life of objects, taking into account the determination of local and integral damage to cryogenic tanks and pipelines.

Transport Fleet Electrification Development Conditions—Perspective of Transport, Shipping, and Logistics Industry in Poland

The development of electric vehicle fleets is an important element of today’s economic, social, and ecological development. This multidimensional sustainable process, although not easy, generates many tangible benefits for various stakeholders, ranging from environmental to financial and competence issues. Despite the fact that the phenomenon of transformation toward rational energy management is gaining momentum on a global scale, there is a significant disproportion in terms of development levels depending on the origin of the economy. The aim of this research article is to identify the key factors affecting the development of fleet electrification in the transport, shipping, and logistics (TSL) sector in Poland. Based on a literature review, a fleet development framework was developed using a PESTEL (political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal) analysis and evaluated by TSL companies. According to the conclusions drawn, the most important stimulants are economic factors and technological factors, which limit the development of electrified transport fleets in the TSL industry. Based on this, the authors propose various solutions to improve economic profitability and technological conditions. In addition, it was found that the attitudes of the decision makers at transport companies and cooperation within the TSL sector are also important.

Ship deployment problem with green technology adoption for an inland river carrier under non-identical streamflow and speed limits

The maritime industry is currently experiencing a shift towards green corridors. The inland waterway is the main transportation corridor with a relatively low adoption of green technologies, which produces heavy air pollution in inland cities. This paper investigates the ship deployment problem for an inland river carrier considering the adoption of green fuel and green technologies for a given ship fleet. A non-linear programming (NLP) model is proposed to jointly optimize green technology adoption, sailing speed, and routing problems while considering two unique characteristics of inland river shipping, including the non-identical streamflow and the speed limits on each shipping leg. The analytical propositions reveal the optimal operation strategy of the inland river ship fleet, and a column generation-based algorithm is further designed to solve the proposed model. By jointly investigating the ship operation strategy and sulphur emissions, we find the following management insights: Firstly, the ship would have a lower willingness to invest in shore power (scrubber) if it installed scrubber (shore power). The higher streamflow and looser speed limits would reduce the spillover effect of green technology adoption. Secondly, emissions will spillover from ports to river legs if only shore power is provided. Our findings provide valuable insights for policymakers to promote complete green technology adoption to achieve comprehensive abatement of the entire inland river.

Advancing disaster management through biofuel integration: A comprehensive review

Scientific evidence has demonstrated that biofuels have the ability to reduce environmental contamination, hence addressing the underlying causes of potential disasters. Renewable fuels produced from biological resources provide flexible solutions for several aspects of crisis management, such as supplying energy for emergency generators, fuelling transportation fleets, and offering heating and cooking options. Empirical evidence supports the notion that biofuels effectively reduce carbon and sulphur emissions. Notably, certain biofuels, such as algal biodiesel, have the capacity to mitigate 0.6% of carbon dioxide output. Cities, such as Delhi, that are contaminated by the consumption of fossil fuels have a scarcity of breathing oxygen during the winter and elevated ambient temperatures during the summer. These pioneers cause inundation and tempests in vulnerable regions. The lessons acquired from various locations highlight the importance of cooperation, enhancing capabilities, and providing governmental support in order to replicate and expand successful models. To optimize the advantages of biofuels in crisis management, it is crucial to prioritize research and development projects, involve stakeholders, and raise awareness. The role of national and international policy is vital in providing incentives for the production and use of biofuels, while technical advancements are key in shaping the future of sustainability and efficiency. Communities may utilize the ideas of sustainability and resilience to leverage the transformational potential of biofuels in order to construct societies that are safer, more environmentally friendly, and better equipped to withstand challenges.

Influence of ideas of Russian cosmism on formation and development of scientific and technical elite of rocket engineering and cosmonautics

The article is devoted to the influence of philosophical and theoretical ideas of the scientific direction of Russian cosmism on their transformation into a scientific and practical plane – the creation of the rocket and space industry, the launch of satellites, rockets, and humans into space. The relevance of the problem considered in the article lies in the fact that space, while remaining the sphere of interests of the leading world powers competing with each other in political, economic, cultural, and military terms, remains a platform for international cooperation, on which factors of national and global security largely depend. In this work, space exploration is considered in the development from philosophical and scientific research of the late 19th – early 20th century to projects of private corporations investing in the exploration of the Moon, colonization of Mars, development of a fleet of interstellar ships for travel to the Alpha Centauri system in our days. Scientific novelty is determined by a comprehensive consideration of the dialectics of the intellectual, creative and pragmatic in matters of space exploration. In a short period of time, under the influence of the philosophical ideas of the scientific direction of cosmism, and their logical continuation in the form of the development of the theory of cosmonautics and rocket science, there was the emergence of a new stratum of society – scientific and technical elite, which brought the country to a new level of technical development, which allows it to remain the world's leading space power to this day.

OBTAINING ADDITIVES USED TO IMPROVE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL FUEL

One of the important large-scale petroleum refining products is diesel fuel (DF). It ensures the continuous operation of the transport fleet of various industries, and is also widely used by individual consumers. The chemical and fractional composition of diesel fuel determines the environmental temperature conditions in which diesel fuel (DF) can be used. There are diesel engines for temperate and cold climates. There is a serious shortage in the production of diesel fuel with improved low-temperature properties; the existing demand is covered by less than half [1]. In fact, in 2014, the production of diesel fuel amounted to 2.2% of the total output. The need for low-solidification fuels for our country, taking into account its natural and climatic conditions, is 40%. Thus, the importance of measures aimed at reducing the existing deficit is beyond doubt. The main goal of the article is to develop methods for the production and use of new additives and additives based on domestic petrochemical products. The cetane number of diesel fuel is one of the most important indicators responsible for reliable engine operation. The use of diesel fuel with a cetane number below 40 leads to harsh engine operation, accompanied by increased wear and its gradual destruction [4]. If the cetane number becomes more than 60 points, the power of the internal combustion engine (ICE) decreases, the fuel does not burn completely, fuel consumption increases, and the exhaust gases contain soot [5]. Keywords: diesel fuel, additives, cetane number, dewaxing, low temperature properties.

Mixed-Integer Optimization for Ship Retrofitting in Green Logistics

Maritime transportation plays a pivotal role in global trade and international supply chains. However, the sector is also a significant source of emissions. One of the most promising technologies for reducing these emissions is air lubrication, which involves installing bubbles along the hull of a ship. Despite its potential, the design of cost-effective bubble-installation plans for ship fleets over the planning horizon remains unexplored in the literature. This paper addresses this gap by proposing a mathematical programming model designed to optimize the installation of bubble-based systems. We present several propositions concerning the model’s properties, supported by rigorous proofs. To validate the model’s effectiveness, we conduct a series of computational experiments. The findings demonstrate that our optimization model enables shipping companies to devise bubble-installation plans that are cost-effective. This contribution not only extends the current understanding of emission reduction technologies in maritime transportation, but also offers practical insights for their implementation.

An improved ALNS for hybrid pickup and drones delivery system in disaster by penalizing deprivation time

Humanitarian logistics aims to reduce the time relief goods and services take to reach affected areas; deprivation time is one of the most significant factors in such conditions. Thus, utilizing a suitable transport fleet, including modern vehicles like drones, is essential. This paper introduces a new hybrid vehicle routing problem with pickup and delivery services, minimizing deprivation costs with multiple trucks and drones in a disaster. The model is presented as a mixed-integer linear programming problem focusing on minimizing deprivation cost in post-disaster situations through proper routing and inventory decisions made by heterogeneous vehicles. The deprivation time is divided into three main categories based on the arrival time of relief goods to affected areas and will be served by multiple relief goods. Due to the complexity of the problem, an improved adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) metaheuristic has been developed. This algorithm employs a heuristic algorithm to generate high-quality initial solutions and improve solutions with 17 destroy and repair operators. The algorithm was tested on a large-scale dataset based on real-world data from a crisis such as the Tehran earthquake, and the results demonstrate its superiority in providing better-quality solutions and lower solution time.

THE EFFECT OF IMPLEMENTING PERTAMINA SAFETY APPROVAL (PSA) AND SAFETY TRAINING ON WORK SAFETY MEDIATED BY SAFETY CULTURE ON PT PERTAMINA INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING SHIP FLEET

Pertamina Safety Approval (PSA)is a document that is shown when the ship has met the standards and criteria of the vetting inspection results. The aim of the research is to determine the effect of implementing Pertamina Safety Approval (PSA) and safety training on work safety mediated by safety culture on PT's fleet of ships. Pertamina International Shipping. Method presearch with an explanatory quantitative approach. The number of samples is 90respondents who have a PSA and are on board in 2022. The analysis tools used are SPSS and SEMPLS. The research results show that there is a direct and indirect influence between the implementation of Pertamina Safety Approval (PSA) and safety training on work safety mediated by safety culture on PT's fleet of ships. Pertamina International Shipping.

Logistic Analysis of Fishery Cold Supply Chain

As a country where two-thirds of its territory consists of oceans, the fisheries sector is one of the government's main programs. Fisheries, which is also an agricultural subsector, has great potential in developing the country's economy, which is shown by the increasing number of fisheries production from year to year. The increase in the production of fishery products, both raw and processed materials, must be balanced with an effective and efficient distribution system method to ensure the quality of the fish remains in good condition. Good distribution management of fish products by controlling product temperatures that remain low throughout the distribution process is known as cold supply chain management. This requires cold supply chain management to be handled well because it has a controlling effect on fisheries logistics costs. Some of the facts above are the background for this research through analysis of the logistics cost structure, including the obstacles faced by the cold chain supply chain for caught fish and the cold chain business prospects and obstacles faced by this industry. Analysis of the distribution process also involves a review of the refrigerated transport fleet. The methodology used in this study is a mix method which begins with the development and distribution of questionnaires related to logistics operations and fishing costs. Next, data collection was carried out through interviews with fishermen, collectors and traders on the north and south coasts of Java Island.

Demolition of the European ships fleet: A scenario analysis

This paper conducts a detailed exploration of projected trends in the demolition and recycling of the European ship fleet, in light of the dismantling capacity in Europe. Utilizing a robust predictive model based on the Weibull distribution, the study synthesizes historical data and current operational metrics to forecast trends up to the year 2050, such as ship typologies, their average age, and recycling frequency. By estimating the rate and volume of ships reaching their end-of-life (EOL), the study aims to delineate the required capacity for ship recycling in Europe over the coming decades. The analysis reveals the key factors influencing the demolition trajectory and provide essential insights for future planning and policy formulation in the field of ship recycling. The study also underscore the importance of developing adaptive strategies in ship dismantling catering to the anticipated shifts in fleet composition and evolving environmental regulations, offering a foundation for informed decision-making and policy development in the maritime industry.

Estimating the Energy Demand and Carbon Emission Reduction Potential of Singapore’s Future Road Transport Sector

About 20% of the world’s CO2 emissions originate from transport. Many countries are committed to decarbonizing their transport sector. Singapore pledged to electrify a whole host of its land transportation fleet, which includes private cars, public buses, ride-hail vehicles, and motorcycles. This paper proposes a simple empirical framework to estimate the future energy demand after 100% electrification has been realized for nine selected road transport vehicle sub-classes and to calculate the carbon emission reduction potential based on various scenarios. The present energy demand for each vehicle sub-class is first calculated based on parameters like petrol and diesel consumption, heat value and density of petrol and diesel, population of vehicle type, and average mileage per vehicle sub-class. Several scenarios are presented, and an analysis is carried out to derive a range of emission factors which are used to estimate the carbon emission reduction potential. Relative to the present day, the future energy demand estimates reveal an overall reduction of 73.60%. Full electrification and a “clean” power generation mix could lead to an emission reduction as high as 93.64% across all vehicles sub-classes, with private cars having the highest reduction potential.