Transparency Portal Research Articles

Impact of public health expenditure on malnutrition among Peruvians during the period 2010-2020: A panel data analysis

Background The study analyzes the impact of public health spending on malnutrition among Peruvians, using data from the National Household Survey, the Central Reserve Bank of Peru, the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics and the Ministry of Economy and Finance from 2010. -2020. Previous studies have revealed the existing relationship of health spending with the reduction of malnutrition. Methods A quantitative approach is considered, with an explanatory type of research using panel data methodology considering the bidimensionality of the data, which allows quantifying this effect for the Peruvian case using the National Household Survey, data from the Central Reserve Bank of Peru, as well as information from the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics and the Transparency Portal of the Ministry of Economy and Finance in the period 2010-2020. Results The results show that public expenditure on health has a negative relationship with malnutrition; the rural sector has a positive relationship with malnutrition given the limitations present for access to adequate food. Similarly, the unemployment rate shows a positive relationship with malnutrition, given that being unemployed leads to a higher cause of malnutrition in the population, and the gross domestic product has a negative relationship with malnutrition, given that greater economic growth produces an impact on reducing malnutrition, with the greatest impact being on the rural population and the gross domestic product. Conclusions In the analysis period 2010-2020 in Peru, based on the panel data analysis, the impact of public health expenditure on reducing malnutrition is observed in 10 departments, achieving a reduction in malnutrition; while in 14 departments, this indicator has not been reduced.

Impact of public health expenditure on malnutrition among Peruvians during the period 2010-2020: A panel data analysis

Background The study analyzes the impact of public health spending on malnutrition among Peruvians, using data from the National Household Survey, the Central Reserve Bank of Peru, the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics and the Ministry of Economy and Finance from 2010. -2020. Previous studies have revealed the existing relationship of health spending with the reduction of malnutrition. Methods A quantitative approach is considered, with an explanatory type of research using panel data methodology considering the bidimensionality of the data, which allows quantifying this effect for the Peruvian case using the National Household Survey, data from the Central Reserve Bank of Peru, as well as information from the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics and the Transparency Portal of the Ministry of Economy and Finance in the period 2010-2020. Results The results show that public expenditure on health has a negative relationship with malnutrition; the rural sector has a positive relationship with malnutrition given the limitations present for access to adequate food. Similarly, the unemployment rate shows a positive relationship with malnutrition, given that being unemployed leads to a higher cause of malnutrition in the population, and the gross domestic product has a negative relationship with malnutrition, given that greater economic growth produces an impact on reducing malnutrition, with the greatest impact being on the rural population and the gross domestic product. Conclusions In the analysis period 2010-2020 in Peru, based on the panel data analysis, the impact of public health expenditure on reducing malnutrition is observed in 10 departments, achieving a reduction in malnutrition; while in 14 departments, this indicator has not been reduced.

Digital Democracy: Enhancing Democratic Participation and Political Transparency Through Digital Technologies

Digital democracy, facilitated by advancements in digital technologies, offers transformative potential for enhancing democratic participation and political transparency. This paper examines the application of digital voting systems and online citizen participation platforms in modern democratic processes. By leveraging these technologies, we can significantly improve voter accessibility, streamline election processes, and foster more inclusive civic engagement. Additionally, digital tools such as open data initiatives, transparency portals, and digital accountability mechanisms can enhance governmental transparency and accountability. However, challenges such as security concerns, digital divides, and misinformation must be addressed to fully realize the benefits of digital democracy. Our analysis underscores the need for robust security measures, inclusive access strategies, and continuous innovation to ensure the effective implementation and sustainability of digital democratic practices.

Effect of Transparency Initiatives on Public Trust in Government in Kenya

Purpose: To aim of the study was to analyze the effect of transparency initiatives on public trust in government in Kenya. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Transparency initiatives in Kenya have shown a positive impact on public trust in government. Efforts such as open access to government information, transparent budgeting processes, and public participation in decision-making have increased accountability and reduced corruption. These initiatives have led to greater citizen engagement and trust, as the public perceives the government to be more accountable and responsive to their needs. However, challenges remain in fully implementing these initiatives, and inconsistencies in transparency efforts can still undermine public trust. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social exchange theory, institutional theory & information processing theory may be used to anchor future studies on the effect of transparency initiatives on public trust in government in Kenya. Continuously improve online transparency portals by enhancing user interfaces, ensuring data accuracy, and expanding the scope of information available. Develop sector-specific transparency policies tailored to the unique needs of different governmental sectors (e.g., healthcare, education). This approach ensures that transparency initiatives address sector-specific challenges and enhance sector-specific public trust. Invest in training programs for public officials on transparency practices and the effective use of transparency tools.

O impacto da Implemetação De Tecnologias Da Informação e Comunicação – TIC – para a transparência dos atos governamentais na Administração Pública Brasileira

The implementation of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the Brazilian public administration has been the subject of study and reflection due to the impacts they can bring to the transparency of government acts. This qualitative-explanatory study aimed to investigate the impact of ICT on transparency in the Brazilian public administration, identifying barriers and benefits regarding its implementation. This research was carried out with reference to the keywords: transparency, electronic governance, public administration, information and communication technology; and as a database for the search of articles Google Scholar, Scielo, Capes and Anpad Steel, in addition to government websites and transparency portals; During the research, current legislation, government policies and publications in the period from 2010 to 2024 were considered. In this vein, preliminary results indicate significant advances in the use of ICT in the Brazilian public administration, demonstrating improvements in the efficiency of operations, transparency and quality of the services provided through the automation of processes, improvement in decision-making and greater integration with regard to the coordination of activities. However, despite the advances observed, challenges to be overcome were identified, such as issues involving cybersecurity, inequality between levels of access to information, and resistance to change on the part of some actors involved. In addition, the study, in addition to dealing with a current and relevant topic, also observes gaps and provides data that may be important for other research that is being carried out.

Shedding light on transparency: A comprehensive study of state‐level transparency portals in Mexico

Shedding light on transparency: A comprehensive study of state‐level transparency portals in Mexico

Federal Public Resources in Response to Natural Disasters in Rio Grande do Sul

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the sources and allocation of federal public resources applied to natural disasters in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul in 2024. Theoretical Framework: Based on Public Choice Theory, the study investigates how self-interests can influence the allocation of public resources, which is relevant in the context of Brazilian public administration. Method: Using a descriptive and documentary approach, this qualitative research collected data from provisional measures and the Transparency Portal, analyzing the sources and amounts of funds quantitatively and their allocations qualitatively through the lens of Public Choice Theory. Results and Discussion: Most of the funds come from Official Credit Operations (41.80%) and Federal Financial Charges (13.97%). The allocation covers a range of areas from climate change mitigation to support for microenterprises. The diversity of allocations suggests an effort to meet multiple emerging needs and maximize political benefits, reflecting the influence of self-interests in public management. Research Implications: The study emphasizes the importance of transparency and accountability in public management, especially in disaster situations. By revealing how resources are allocated and identifying potential influences of self-interests, the research contributes to the formulation of more efficient and equitable public policies. Detailed understanding of the allocations can improve accountability and integrity in resource allocation, promoting governance practices that increase public trust in government actions. Originality/Value: Applying Public Choice Theory, this study offers insights into the efficiency and equity of resource allocation for natural disasters in Rio Grande do Sul, contributing to the literature on disaster management and public administration in Brazil.

Service to demands and corruption tolerance: brazilian voters' perception of “rouba, mas faz” policy

Purpose: The research aimed to verify the influence of meeting public demands on the perception of tolerance of Brazilian voters towards the “rouba, mas faz” policy. Although a social unison of rejection of corruption in politics is perceived, there is a possibility that voters relax this disapproval in the face of the results that managers offer to communities. Methodology: Study of quantitative approach, as for the procedures, a survey was used, with a questionnaire and study of scenarios, of tolerance to “rouba, mas faz”, as a research instrument. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and presentation in percentages were used for the answers to assertions and scenarios. Results: The results indicate that Brazilians demand honest politicians, although for almost 25% of the population every politician is corrupt, without distinction; for 80% of respondents the main cause of problems in Brazilian public management is political corruption; approximately 70% of voters do not use transparency portals to decide their vote, although 80% claim to research the candidates' history before making their decision. Contributions of the Study: Aspects related to the median voter theory were perceived, since, although Brazilian voters demonstrate intolerance to corruption, the profile with the average characteristics of the population tends to vote for that candidate who promises to meet their needs. In addition, in general terms, 7% of the sample would re-elect a very corrupt politician, as long as he is very productive, while 24% would tolerate corruption, as long as it occurs on a small scale and is accompanied by works and benefits to society, implying that there is, in general terms, to a certain degree, the influence of meeting public demands on voters' tolerance of the “rouba, mas faz” policy in Brazil.

COVID-19 in Brazil: A Look at Gender in Mortality in 2020 and 2021

COVID-19 is portrayed as a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is extremely contagious and mainly affects the respiratory system. The pandemic has impacted the lives of men and women disproportionately, from the risk of exposure and biological susceptibility to infection to the social and economic impacts. In this sense, this research aims to analyze the relationship between gender and mortality from COVID-19 in the Brazilian Federative Units. This is an applied, exploratory and qualitative-quantitative study. Mortality rates by gender and Federation Unit were calculated based on data obtained from the Civil Registry - Transparency Portal for the years 2020 and 2021. The results show disparities in the number of deaths between men and women in various age groups. In addition, mortality rates among men were considerably higher compared to women, especially in 2021. This discrepancy was notable in men over 60, particularly in the North and Northeast regions. In addition, Roraima stood out with the highest mortality rates for both genders in the two years analyzed. These findings highlight the importance of policies and strategies that are sensitive to gender and the needs of vulnerable groups, in order to mitigate impacts during pandemic periods. Furthermore, approaches that consider gender disparities can contribute significantly to the effectiveness of public health measures and the general well-being of the population.

Quality of accounting information: study on the public transparency portal of Rio Grande do Norte

The objective of this article is to analyze the quality of accounting information on the portal of the executive power of the Public Transparency of Rio Grande do Norte, from descriptive, documentary, quantitative research, with application of the theoretical, legal and social model (TLS) adapted with the use of the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) technique to consider the importance of the criteria used in the portal. It was concluded that the evaluation of the Portal do RN, was 38.90 in the Active Transparency Dimension, 10.79% in Usability and Accessibility, Content and Overview Dimension with 10.19% and Passive Transparency Dimension with a maximum value of 8 %, obtaining an overall average rating of 67.22%. Thus, this study seeks to contribute with a view to adequate compliance with legal requirements regarding access to information, through a multi-criteria scientific model.

Efectividad de las políticas públicas en los servicios de seguridad pública por vídeo digital

The objective is to analyze the effectiveness of public policies of citizen security services, in the categories of public policies and citizen security through digital video. The research is basic and qualitative, the design is phenomenological, an interview was applied, the sample is 10 workers and 30 from the population of Andahuaylas, to carry out an internal and external study. The results revealed that there is importance on the part of the municipality to address citizen security challenges with collaboration, exchange of knowledge, service channels were identified and the use of digital video is evident as a key tool, however, there is a lack of knowledge of the population.

Proposal to improve the transparency and efficiency of the CONFEA/CREA system using the Gaussian AHP Method

The present work and its applications are based on the necessity for the Brazilian Public Administration, in general, to comply with the constitutional principles established in Article 37 of the current Federal Constitution of Brazil. The primary focus is to address the principles of transparency and efficiency, which are central to this study and supported by the Transparency Law (LC nº 131/2009) and the Access to Information Law (Law nº 12,527/2011). The analysis will explore intrinsic elements of the CONFEA/CREA system to process and analyze data related to airfare, daily allowances, and accommodation expenses of the Regional Council of Engineering, Agronomy and Geosciences of the State of São Paulo – Brazil (CREA/SP). The objective is to propose compliance solutions linked to Data Science and Operational Research to standardize the aforementioned Councils in promoting transparency. Technological enhancements are suggested to improve the transparency of public acts, aiming to maximize efficiency. To achieve greater administrative and operational efficiency and effectiveness for Local Authorities, the Gaussian AHP Method is proposed. Key outcomes include improved information on the transparency portal, enhanced data accessibility, clarity, and completeness, increased analytical capacity for management and supervision, and greater visibility of administrative actions. These efforts aim to foster better public management practices and enhance decision-making precision through the application of Multi-Criteria Decision Support methods.

Management of Intellectual Property as a Generator of Resources in Mexican Higher Education Institutions

This paper was developed to analyze the level of implementation of intellectual property management processes in Higher Education Institutions (HEI). Intellectual Property management processes in the public sector have been reduced, at least in understanding the concept, to the processes of protecting and maintaining intellectual property titles; however, it is a more extensive process than conceptualized. In this sense, Martinez et al. (2018) generated a methodology involving 19 indicators (processes) of intellectual property management implemented during the R&D&I process. These indicators were used to measure their implementation in Mexican public sector HEIs with information from the transparency portal. The research shows the importance of generating multidisciplinary groups in R&D&I processes, enhancing the financial redundancy of research investment.

A contratualização com os cuidados de saúde primários na Administração Regional de Saúde de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo, até 2023

Abstract The article discusses contractualization in Primary Health Care (PHC), relating what has been contractualized and what has been achieved to answer the question: can contractualization contribute to guaranteeing equity and adequate access to PHC? A case study methodology was used, using data available on the SNS Transparency Portal and data used in external contractualization. Data was collected in December 2023. In the Lisbon and Tagus Valley Health Region, 29.6 percent of people were registered without a family doctor in 2023. One-year appointment usage rates fell progressively (-2.7%) between 2021 and 2023. As for cancer screening, in the case of colon and rectum screening, only 34.4% of those contractualized were performed in 2021 and 28.9% in 2022. Regarding the Overall Performance Index, the variation intervals between the negotiated proposals and those obtained were above 20 points. Drug therapy prescription in Diabetes Mellitus was analyzed, and no ACES achieved the expected values. We concluded that contractualization has not helped improve access and equity, as a gap between the situational or local strategic planning phases seems evident.

Inovatyvių analitinių ir statistinių technologijų, kaip kovos su korupcija priemonės, įgyvendinimo kryptys

Relevance of the topic. The article sets out to explore the potential of innovative analytical and statistical technologies in monitoring, detecting, and counteracting corruption within state systems. The central objective is to clarify key concepts, determine the nature and content of these technologies, and analyse their applications in anti-corruption efforts. The research methodology combines the scrutiny of official documents, legislations, public authority websites, and software providers with a focus on their anti-corruption capabilities. The study reveals that analytical and statistical technologies constitute a specific form of information technology, embodied in functional information systems that fulfil organisational objectives and assist in decision-making processes. They assist primarily in the identification and prediction of probable cases of corruption or fraudulent activities, utilising mathematical methods and advanced analytical algorithms. Key areas where these technologies can significantly contribute include data collection and processing, communication and office processes, general management processes, decision-making processes, and expert systems development. The problem. Corruption remains one of the largest socio-economic issues affecting a country’s development and undermining citizens’ trust in governing structures. Innovative analytical and statistical technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data analysis, and others, hold the potential to provide effective monitoring and detection of corrupt schemes. The purpose of this article is to determine the directions for implementing innovative analytical and statistical technologies as a tool for monitoring, detecting and counteracting corruption in the state. Research object: Application of innovative analytical and statistical technologies in the fight against corruption. The results. Innovative analytical and statistical technology is a type of information technology, which is embodied in the form of a functional information system aimed to fulfil organisational objectives and assist in decision-making processes. These technologies are considered essential tools for countering corruption at the state level, primarily by identifying and predicting probable cases. The application of mathematical methods and advanced analytical and statistical algorithms can reveal inconsistencies and potential corruption or fraudulent activities. Counteracting corruption has also benefitted from advancements in information technologies. Currently, efforts to counter corruption focus on digital government services, crowdsourcing platforms, transparency portals, big data, and artificial intelligence. In this context, there are five key areas where analytical and statistical technologies can contribute: data collection and processing, communication and office processes, general management processes, decision-making processes, and the development of expert systems. Keywords: corruption counteraction, artificial intelligence, machine learning, information

PP30 The Fast Track In Drug Registration By ANVISA – Brazil And Possible Consequences

IntroductionThe fast track in drug registration by the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency, ANVISA, began in 2017 and is intended to prioritize analysis related to drugs relevant to public health. This process is appropriate in situations where there are no therapeutic alternative available or for technologies show significant improvement in safety, efficacy, or adherence to treatment.MethodsThe Brazilian public administration has a tool for accessing information called Transparency Portal. Thus, data on the number of drugs approved by fast track between 2018 and 2021 were requested through this tool and evaluated.ResultsThe data received by the Brazilian transparency portal shows that the number of requests for fast track had an increase from one in 2018 to 32 in 2021. There is an important increase of registrations, being drugs with phase II trials and with single-arm clinical trials. With registration based on a phase II trial, these patients are in fact receiving drugs in a context similar to clinical trials, but with funding from the healthcare system. Given that phase II studies are conducted in a limited population, there has been an increase in the registration of drugs with suboptimal efficacy and safety concerns. This scenario of uncertainty leads to non-adherence to treatment and a discrepancy in real-world outcomes in comparison to the clinical trial. About 70 percent of phase II trials, show no benefit, and only 30 percent proceed to later phases. It is noteworthy that about 50 percent of the studies that move on to later phases fail to show benefits. Nowadays the number of drugs approved by the fast track has increased, many probably with phase II studies and no comparator group.ConclusionsGiven the uncertainties in the efficacy and safety of a drug registered via fast track, often based on phase II studies, implementing provisional registration with real-world evaluation of outcomes, and coupled with financing based on risk-sharing agreements, may be a sustainable alternative for health systems.

Examining the Impact of Transparency Portals on Media Coverage

This study examined the use of data from a transparency portal in media coverage of a high-profile case of alleged public procurement irregularities in Spain. Access to Twitter API was used to identify relevant URLs related to this issue. It was found that direct links to a portal were of low relevance, and most of the linked documents did not even mention the availability of data from a portal. Qualitative analysis revealed that the most frequent topics were the use of portal data as an authoritative argument to endorse information, the statement that the portal did not contain sufficient information for journalistic purposes, and the absence of data on third parties involved in public procurement. It is recommended that governments promote the existence of Portals and make media outlets aware that providing links to original data is beneficial for their reporting. In addition, linked open data should be used to ensure accuracy and transparency.

Assessing the impact of fast-track drug registration by Anvisa in Brazil: A descriptive study of new drug registrations from 2017 to 2022

Prompt release of novel pharmaceuticals is very much sought after during critical circumstances to aid patients and society in need. Nonetheless, the expeditious availability of these medications may jeopardize the well-structured investigations and observations. To tackle this concern, regulatory agencies globally have implemented expedited registration procedures. In Brazil, the National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa) has likewise implemented an expedited registration process to cater to patients who cannot afford to wait. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of Anvisa’s accelerated drug registration on the challenging regulatory environment in Brazil. Data pertaining to medications registered by Anvisa from 2017 to 2022 through the expedited process were procured from the Federal Government’s transparency portal and the medication consultation portal. The registration of novel drugs by Anvisa through both standard and expedited processes during this timeframe was analyzed. The introduction of the accelerated registration regulation by Anvisa in 2017 led to a substantial rise in registration requests utilizing this regulatory modality. Furthermore, the data concerning drug registration through all channels unveiled a noteworthy reduction in average response time. Despite concerns pertaining to the effectiveness and safety of drugs registered through the expedited process, often reliant on Phase II studies, the utilization of this process is on the rise worldwide, including in Brazil. To ensure the sustainability of health-care systems, it may be advantageous to implement provisional registration in conjunction with subsequent evaluation through real-world studies and financing based on risk-sharing agreements. In conclusion, the accelerated drug registration process implemented by Anvisa in Brazil has exhibited promising results in terms of reduced response times. Nevertheless, the effectiveness and safety of drugs registered through this process necessitate meticulous evaluation. The implementation of provisional registration and the integration of real-world studies, alongside managed entry agreements, could offer a sustainable alternative for health-care systems.

COMPORTAMENTO DA COVID-19 ENTRE POLICIAIS MILITARES DO DISTRITO FEDERAL NO ANO DE 2020

Apesar da implementação de medidas de isolamento social na tentativa do controle da pandemia do coronavírus (COVID-19), algumas atividades essenciais não puderam ser interrompidas, como as prestadas pelos agentes de segurança pública. Tal exposição promoveu o contato direto destes profissionais com transeuntes que, mesmo assintomáticos, poderiam estar contaminados. Com o objetivo de comparar o comportamento da pandemia de COVID-19 no ano de 2020 entre os policiais militares do Distrito Federal e a população geral do Distrito Federal, foi realizado um estudo prospectivo baseado nos registros das avaliações clínicas de policiais militares da ativa com sintomas suspeitos de infecção pelo COVID-19 realizadas no Centro Médico da Polícia Militar do Distrito Federal (PMDF) e nos registros dos atestados médicos relacionados à doença averbados no Centro de Perícia e Saúde Ocupacional (CPSO) da PMDF. Os dados foram comparados com os dados relativos à população do Distrito Federal (DF), obtidos de modo retrospectivo no portal da transparência da Secretaria de Saúde. Constatou-se que no ano de 2020, policiais militares foram mais acometidos pela COVID-19 que a população em geral do DF, mas não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação à mortalidade e letalidade da população geral de mesma faixa etária. A distribuição dos casos ao longo dos meses também foi semelhante entre os grupos.

The role of accountability and transparency in government during disasters: the case of Ukraine–Russia war

IMPACT This article provides interesting ideas on transparency and accountability and economic management during times of emergencies. The publication and dissemination of information allows citizens to monitor government performance. Greater transparency reduces information asymmetries and increases public trust in politicians. The possible relationship between an indicator related to government transparency of different countries in the management of aid to Ukraine during the Ukraine–Russia war and various indicators of corruption, together with measures of the quality of accounting systems and open access to information, is analysed and discussed. Lessons for policy-makers include creating a committee responsible for auditing government actions and the publication of each decreed action through a government transparency portal. The article will be of value to professionals in the field of public financial management as it allows them to question the transparency problems that still exist and to offer various solutions.