Transmission Range Of Wireless Network Research Articles

Performance analysis of routing protocols in MANET

Popularity of Mobile ad hoc network in research is due to their ad hoc nature and effectiveness at the time of disaster management when no infrastructure support is available. Due to the limited transmission range of wireless network interfaces, multiple network hops may be needed for nodes to exchange data across the network. In such a network, each mobile node operates as a router, forwarding packets for other mobile nodes in the network that may not be within the direct reach. Routing protocols developed for wired networks such as the distance vector or link state protocols are inadequate here as they not only assume mostly fixed topology but also have high overheads. This has lead to several routing algorithms specifically targeted for ad hoc networks. In this paper, we include the MANET supported routing protocols and their performance analysis over different performance parameters such as packet delivery ratio, delay, throughput, control overhead and energy etc.

A Robust Deafness-Free MAC Protocol for Directional Antennas in Ad Hoc Networks

Directional antennas provide many benefits such as high gain and increased transmission range in wireless networks. However, the deafness problem in directional antennas can greatly decrease transmission efficiency. For example, a source node fails to communicate with the intended destination node if the destination node is beamforming in another direction. In this paper, a deafness-free medium access control (DF-MAC) protocol for directional antennas in ad hoc networks is proposed, which is based on a code division multiple access technique. In DF-MAC, two control codes are additionally used not only for handshaking but also for overcoming the deafness problem. The proposed DF-MAC successfully solves all the four types of the deafness problem in ad hoc networks with directional antennas. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first MAC protocol that completely solves all the four types of the deafness problem. Furthermore, unlike other deafness-aware MAC protocols, the proposed DF-MAC supports mobility. Simulation results show that the proposed DF-MAC outperforms the existing deafness-aware MAC protocols in terms of network throughput and control overhead in both static and mobile environments. If the deafness problem occurs frequently, the effectiveness of DF-MAC is dramatically increased.

Performance Analysis of AODV, CBRP, AOMDV, DSR MANET Routing Protocol using NS2 Simulation

Mobile ad hoc network is a self-directed structure of mobile nodes connected by wireless links. All nodes operate not only as an end system, but also as work as a router to forward the packets. Ad hoc wireless networks are characterized by multihop wireless connectivity, infrastructure less and habitually changing topology. It may be necessary for one mobile node to schedule other hosts for forwarding a packet from source to destination node due to the constrained transmission range of wireless network interfaces. Therefore a self-motivated routing protocol is required for these networks to work properly. A number of Routing protocols have been created to achieve this task. In this paper, a comparative analysis of four reactive routing protocols namely AODV, AOMDV, DSR and CBRP is done. Here CBRP is also a hierarchical routing protocol. This paper is aimed to analyze the adequacy of considered routing protocols in an energy constrained environment under varying mobility and pause time. These protocols have been analyzed extensively for various performance parameters (energy consumption, delay, throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio etc.) over different network scenarios. Simulation results show that none of the protocol surpasses other for all considered scenarios. However, CBRP has produced better results in terms of throughput, normalized routing load and delay while AOMDV is a better choice for energy related parameters. Simulation results of the paper are very helpful for the wise selection of the energy efficient base routing approach to scale MANETs.

Game Theory Approaches in Taxonomy of Intrusion Detection for MANETs

MANETs are self configuring networks that are formed by a set of wireless mobile nodes and have no fixed network infrastructure nor administrative support. Since transmission range of wireless network interfaces is limited, forwarding hosts may be needed. Each node in a wireless ad hoc network functions is as both a host and a router. Due to their communication type and resources constraint, MANETs are vulnerable to diverse types of attacks and intrusions so, security is a critical issue. Network security is usually provided in the three phases: intrusion prevention, intrusion detection and intrusion tolerance phase. However, the network security problem is far from completely solved. Researchers have been exploring the applicability of game theory approaches to address the network security issues. This paper reviews some existing game theory solutions which are designed to enhance network security in the intrusion detection phase. Keywords: Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), Intrusion detection system (IDS), Cluster head, host based, Game theory.