Transmission Of Video Signals Research Articles

Bias-controlled modulation for monolithic III-nitride optoelectronic integration.

III-nitride multi-quantum well (MQW) diodes can modulate the light emitted by another diode with the same MQW structure by varying the bias voltage owing to the spectral overlap between the electroluminescence spectrum and spectral responsivity curve of the MQW diodes. Here, we investigate bias-controlled modulation by monolithically integrating an optical transmitter, waveguide, electro-absorption modulator (EAM), and slot grating coupler on a silicon-based III-nitride platform using compatible fabrication processes. The modulated light is coupled into a fiber, which is direct to a photodiode for characterization. The bandwidths of forward-biased emission modulation and reverse-biased absorption modulation are of the same order of magnitude, with the latter exhibiting significant performance improvements. In addition, real-time video signal transmission was achieved using an EAM, which provides a meaningful reference for modulation applications of silicon-based GaN optoelectronic integrated systems.

Transmission of High-Definition Video Signals and Detection of the Objects Underwater Using Surface Electromagnetic Waves

Transmission of High-Definition Video Signals and Detection of the Objects Underwater Using Surface Electromagnetic Waves

Frequency-Multiplexing Transmission of Video and Wireless Signals Utilizing FM Conversion Method

Frequency-Multiplexing Transmission of Video and Wireless Signals Utilizing FM Conversion Method

Real-Time Implementation of a Cognitive Radio Node for Video Transmission with Dynamic Channel Selection

This paper endeavors to exploit the extent to which the radio spectrum can be utilized by almagating and enhancing various methods proposed by previous researchers in the field. Cognitive radio research addresses the challenge of spectrum scarcity and underutilization through cognitive radio technology. The realm of cognitive radio research encompasses diverse aspects of its architecture, ranging from spectrum sensing to higher-level strategies. Notably, the navigation strategy employed by cognitive radios constitutes a pivotal layer in these implementations. Thus, this paper focuses on the real-time implementation of a cognitive radio node in a spectrum of licensed users. Leveraging the capabilities of software-defined radios, GNU Radio, GStreamer and Ubuntu OS computers, this investigation introduces a streamlined channel strategy. This strategy uses both short-term and long-term historical data, along with a buffering mechanism, to facilitate the real-time transmission of a high-definition video signal. The successful implementation of this system yields a promising enhancement of approximately 32% in radio resource utilization. Furthermore, the sensing time of the cognitive radio experiences a significant reduction. This research contributes to the advancement of cognitive radio technology and demonstrates the consolidated strategies' practical implications, underscoring their potential to overcome spectrum-related challenges.

Methods of parallelization of information flows during transmission of a broadband video signal over narrowband communication lines

Methods of parallelization of information flows during transmission of a broadband video signal over narrowband communication lines

Subsampling of 3D Pixel Blocks as a Video Compression Method for Analog Transmission

Hybrid digital–analog transmission of video signals enables flexibility in dividing video information into two parts to utilize the available bandwidth better. This study proposes a compression scheme to reduce the utilized bandwidth. The scheme uses different subsampling in three-dimensional (3D) blocks, where subsampling factors are selected to minimize reconstruction distortion. The study evaluates various methods for subsampling and reconstruction to find the best combination in terms of reconstruction quality and complexity. Results show that medium-quality reconstructions can be obtained for compression ratios of about 0.125–0.3 samples per pixel.

Free-Space Optical Communications for 6G Wireless Networks: Challenges, Opportunities, and Prototype Validation

Numerous researchers have studied innovations in future sixth-generation (6G) wireless communications. Indeed, a critical issue that has emerged is to contend with society's insatiable demand for high data rates and massive 6G connectivity. Some scholars consider one innovation to be a break-through-the application of free-space optical (FSO) communication. Owing to its exceedingly high carrier frequency/bandwidth and the potential of the unlicensed spectrum domain, FSO communication provides an excellent opportunity to develop ultrafast data links that can be applied in a variety of 6G applications, including heterogeneous networks with enormous connectivity and wireless backhauls for cellular systems. In this study, we perform video signal transmissions via an FPGA-based FSO communication prototype to investigate the feasibility of an FSO link with a distance of up to 20 km. We use a channel emulator to reliably model turbulence, scintillation, and power attenuation of the long-range FSO channel. We use the FPGA-based real-time SDR prototype to process the transmitted and received video signals. Our study also presents the channel-generation process of a given long-distance FSO link. To enhance the link quality, we apply spatial selective filtering to suppress the background noise generated by sun-light. To measure the misalignment of the transceiver, we use sampling-based pointing, acquisition, and tracking to compensate for it by improving the signal-to-noise ratio. For the main video signal transmission testbed, we consider various environments by changing the amount of turbulence and wind speed. We demonstrate that the testbed even permits the successful transmission of ultra-high-definition (UHD: 3840 × 2160 resolution) 60 fps videos under severe turbulence and high wind speeds.

ANALYSIS OF VIDEO DATA COMPRESSION ALGORITHMS AND OPTIMIZED FOR USE IN REMOTELY CONTROLLED DRONES

Due to the widespread use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the civil sphere, there is a need to improve the video image generation quality and transmission technologies, changing the video streams coding to reduce their size and improve quality. Video streaming technologies are moving further towards complicating the video transmission systems used, which helps improve the received video data quality. Higher of transmitted video signal quality – more requirements for frequency band increase used. This fact leads us to use effective video compression algorithms that allow us to combine high image quality with a narrow bandwidth of frequencies used. In this paper, currently existing coding algorithms, their efficiency and computational complexity are studied. Among the algorithms under consideration there will only be those whose effectiveness has been proven by finding their application in modern realities. Based on the research, conclusions will be drawn regarding the feasibility of using each encoding algorithm for transmitting video data in real time.

OFDM System Design for Measured Ultrasonic Underwater Channels.

In this paper, we present the development of a multicarrier modulation system of low complexity for broadband underwater acoustic communications (UAC), whose frequency band is located in the ultrasonic range, specifically between 32 kHz and 128 kHz. Underwater acoustic channels are recognized among the most hostile communication channels due to their strong time and frequency selectivity and, hence, the design of high-performance systems is a challenge that is difficult to resolve at the present time with state-of-art technology. The aim of the proposed system is to reach a reasonable bit rate, between 40 and 50 Kbps, over these channels that allows, for instance, the transmission of video signals of limited quality. We describe an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modem prototype with a parameter setting and design specifically adapted to the channel nature. For this purpose, actual measurements carried out at the Mediterranean sea, on shallow waters, have been used to evaluate the system performance and to optimize the design. A discussion on several modulations and OFDM configurations is presented that leads to the selection of differential and non-differential quadri-phase shift keying (QPSK) as good candidates depending on synchronization capabilities.

АНАЛИЗ КОМПОНЕНТОВ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ ИНТЕРФЕЙСА DisplayPort, ВЛИЯЮЩИХ НА ПОБОЧНОЕ ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНОЕ ИЗЛУЧЕНИЕ

The present paper aims to determine possible approaches to the analysis of side electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of the monitor video subsystem with the DisplayPort interface within the framework of the investigation of computer processed information (CPI) security. An automated workplace with a single monitor and, accordingly, a specification for a single-threaded video signal transmission mode is considered as the CPI under study. In order to achieve this aim, the components of the DisplayPort interface architecture, the characteristics of the signal propagation medium from the source to the receiver and algorithm for forming transport units have been studied. The correlation between the number of active data transmission lines, the clock frequency per line and the characteristics of the transmitted data are described. The conducted experiment has shown that the power of the EMR depends on the shielding actions used in the cable design. When studying the interface architecture components that affect the EMR energy spectrum, it was found that the interference immunity of the main channel lines depends on the settings of the DisplayPort - DPCD. This dependence makes possible to change the configuration (for example, scrambling, data encryption and the use of frequency modulation with an extended spectrum) by software tools and thus significantly affect the quality of laboratory testing. Based on the results of the present study, a procedure for analyzing the necessary information for the application of approaches is proposed and the procedure for applying instrumental actions in preparation for laboratory studies is developed. This will allow obtaining more accurate values of the power of the useful signal when monitoring the processed information security of the CPI with the DisplayPort interface. Further research will be aimed at laboratory tests of the described approaches under operating conditions.

Ultra-low-latency 8K-video-transmission System Utilizing Whitebox Transponder with Disaggregation Configuration

The demand for low-latency transmission of large-capacity video, such as 4K and 8K, is increasing for various applications such as live-broadcast program production, sports viewing, and medical care. In the broadcast industry, low-latency video transmission is required in remote production, an emerging workflow for outside broadcasting. For ideal remote production, long-distance transmission of uncompressed 8K60p video signals, ultra-low latency less than 16.7 ms, and PTP synchronization through network are required; however, no existing video-transmission system fully satisfy these requirements. We focused on optical transport technologies capable of long-distance and large-capacity communication, which were previously used only in telecommunication-carrier networks. To fully utilize optical transport technologies, we propose the first-ever video-transmission system architecture capable of sending and receiving uncompressed 8K video directly through large-capacity optical paths. A transmission timing control in seamless protection switching is also proposed to improve the tolerance to network impairment. As a means of implementation, we focused on whitebox transponder, an emerging type of optical transponder with a disaggregation configuration. The disaggregation configuration enables flexible configuration changes, additional implementations, and cost reduction by separating various functions of optical transponders and controlling them with a standardized interface. We implemented the ultra-low-latency video-transmission system utilizing whitebox transponder Galileo. We developed a hardware plug-in unit for video transmission (VideoPIU), and software to control the VideoPIU. In the video-transmission experiments with 120-km optical fiber, we confirmed that it was capable of transmitting uncompressed 8K60p video stably in 1.3 ms latency and highly accurate PTP synchronization through the optical network, which was required in the ideal remote production. In addition, the application to immersive sports viewing is also presented. Consequently, excellent potential to support the unprecedented applications is demonstrated.

Finansijska analiza servisa emitovanja digitalne televizije, radio programa i prenosa podataka u Republici Srbiji

Digitalization of radio and television programs as well as other multi-media content is a very complex process with many aspects and requires large financial investments in the infrastructure of the system and all supporting elements. This paper provides a concise description of the institutional and regulatory frameworks in the digitalization process in the Republic of Serbia, the important reasons related to the choice of compression standard and standard for the transmission of television signals, as well as a description of the role of JP Emisiona tehnika i veze in the digitalization process. The aim of this paper is the financial analysis of earnings on an annual basis for the services of broadcasting TV programs in the first and second multiplexes, broadcasting radio programs within the DVB-T2 network and data transmission services after the digitalization process. The method and data required for the preparation of the financial analysis were derived on the basis of the price list of services published by the JP Emisiona tehnika i veze published in August 2020. The results are presented tabular and graphically.

48‐Gbit/s 8K video‐transmission using resonant tunnelling diodes in 300‐GHz band

The authors report on a real-time 48-Gbit/s terahertz band wireless communication experiment employing a pair of resonant tunnelling diodes at the receiver and uni-travelling carrier photodiodes at the transmitter. The wireless transmission of uncompressed full-resolution 8K ultra high-definition television video signal is successfully demonstrated in the 300-GHz band for the first time.

Low-Power Receivers for Wireless Capacitive Coupling Transmission in 3-D-Integrated Massively Parallel CMOS Imager

The paper presents pixel receivers for massively parallel transmission of video signal between capacitive coupled integrated circuits (ICs). The receivers meet the key requirements for massively parallel transmission, namely low-power consumption below a single μW, small area of less than 205 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , high sensitivity better than 160 mV, and good immunity to crosstalk. The receivers were implemented and measured in a 3-D IC (two face-to-face stacked chips fabricated in CMOS 180 nm process). The maximum throughput of 20 Mbps of single receiver has been achieved using a return-to-zero (RZ) code. The static and dynamic power consumption of the single receiver are below 0.2 μW and 0.3 μW/MHz, respectively. The design approach for cost-effective inter-chip massively parallel transmission of photosensor signals with pulse position modulation (PPM) has been also performed. With this approach and the developed receivers it is possible to transfer between chips 9-10 bit images at a speed of over 1k fps.

Artificial intelligence driven wireless network remote monitoring based on Diffie–Hellman parameter method

Remote monitoring of wireless networks based on artificial intelligence can build sensitive anomaly recognition mechanisms, automated event analysis engines and accurate global operation and maintenance capabilities for wireless network defense. Firstly, a simple camera is used to realize real-time acquisition and wireless transmission of video signals based on software-based MPEG-4 compression coding method. The self-developed ActiveX control with video decoding function is embedded in the webpage to realize real-time dynamic display of video information in the computer browser of the monitoring terminal. Secondly, in order to realize the intelligent control of wireless network, the research based on the reverse motion degree posture planning is carried out. The DH parameter method is used to establish the linkage coordinate system of wireless network remote monitoring, and the kinematics formula is derived. The geometric analysis method is used to calculate the motion trajectory of remote monitoring, accurately locate the various angles of remote monitoring and obtain the best motion path. Based on the Pm angle control method of fuzzy neural network, the RBF neural network, fuzzy control the combination of control and Pm control, using the self-learning ability of the neural network and the fuzzy reasoning is ability of fuzzy control. The end effector was adjusted to the target position. Finally, the established mathematical model was simulated by MATLAB, and the characteristics of wireless network remote monitoring were verified.

A 400MHz Single‐Chip CMOS Transceiver for Long Range High Definition Video Transmission in UAV Application

A fully-integrated 400MHz transceiver for high definition video transmission in Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is presented. The transceiver integrates a Receiver (RX), a Transmitter (TX), a tunable multi-mode complex filter, two sigma-delta fractional-N PLL frequency synthesizers and some baseband calibration circuits, which is applicable for both Time division duplex (TDD) and Frequency division duplex (FDD) systems. In order to meet different data rate and sensitivity requirements for control signal and video signal transmission, the transceiver supports BPSK/QPSK/QAM modulation. The receiver sensitivity is -75dBm and the transmitter provides emission power up to 12dBm. Besides, the Error vector magnitude (EVM) of -35dB is measured under 64QAM modulation with 54Mbps data rate. Fabricated in a standard 130nm CMOS process and operated at 1.2V supply for most circuits excluding PA, 3.3V supply for PA, the receiver and the transmitter consume 68.2mW and 164.3mW, including the frequency synthesizer, respectively. The total chip area with pads is 6.25mm2.

FIN-FET BASED HIGH GAIN OP-AMP WITH SLEW RATE ENHANCEMENT IN 45-NM REGIME

In this paper dynamic biasing technique is used for the enhancing the slew rate of the designed Op-Amp. The proposed FinFET based Op-Amp has been verified through Hspice simulator in the standard 45nm Silicon on Insulator FinFET library. The proposed op amp has two stages Miller compensated configuration. A biasing circuit (DSB circuit) is used for dynamic switching of the biasing voltage of the op amp. This leads to lower power consumption, wide ICMR range, and high gain stability. The proposed op amp has a power consumption of 661.83 μW. It has a dual supply voltage of -1.0V and 1.0V. The input common mode range (ICMR) is -800 mV to +900 mV. The Op-Amp has a slew rate of 1.5 KV/μs. Voltage gain of the op amp is 90.4dB. Due to the use of SOI FINFET devices the op amp has relatively less leakage current as compared to similar bulk MOSFET device op amps. The op amp has unity gain bandwidth of 1.27 GHz. Thus, it can be used to transmission and processing of audio and video signals.

DESIGN OF A LI-FI TRANSCEIVER .

The latest uproar in this era is about a technology termed as Light Fidelity or more commonly known as Li-Fi. There are currently two trends being seen: First, the extension or enrichment of wireless services and other being in-creased in user demand for these services, but the available RF spectrum for usage is very limited. So the new technology of Li-Fi came into picture, which uses visible light as a source of communication. Li-Fi is the most recent de-velopment which is resourceful. In this technology, LEDs are used to transmit data in the visible light spectrum. This technology can be compared with that of Wi-Fi and offers advantages like increased accessible spectrum, efficiency, security, low latency and much higher speed. This research paper aims at de-signing a Li-Fi transceiver using Arduino that is able to transmit digital data. The hardware has been designed using Eagle CAD (version 7.1.0) tool and Proteus design tool (version 8). The software coding is done by using Java (version 8). Successful transmission and reception of text, image and video signals is carried out on the transceiver. Hence this research work gives an innovative way of designing a transceiver which works by using off the shelf low cost components and using visible light spectrum.

Video encoding with adaptive coding procedure based on multiagent model

The paper proposes the use of an adaptive coding algorithm for processing and transmitting video signals. Encoding process of video signals intend to divide the color of each pixel into three components (red, green and blue). The whole video frame could be represented as networked system where each pixel is a independent agent. In this case, agents are understood as a system having any dynamics. Thus, the movement of a pixel is described by a change in the intensity of its RGB components. This approach allows us to consider the process of intensity change as the trajectory of the dynamic system and apply observation and coding methods to it. The proposed approach allows to encode signals in real time without their prior complete analysis. Depending on the coding rate and the nature of the signal, it is possible to save the amount of information transmitted as a result of the algorithm. Observer is used to get estimation of colors signals and multiagent model is used to get to accurate estimation process.

The Effectiveness of TMDS Coding in Counteracting the Non-Invasive Acquisition of Graphic Data

Modern video display terminals commonly use digital video signals. Transition minimized differential signaling (TMDS) coding implemented in video signal transmission using DVI (Digital Visual Interface) standard is commonly used. The aim of the coding scheme adopted by this solution is to eliminate the constant component of the electrical signal, increase the resistance to electromagnetic (EM) interference, and reduce electronic interference between cables. Professionals and hobbyists interested in the problems relating to protecting information against electromagnetic infiltration believe that TMDS coding, in contrast to the VGA (Video Graphics Array) analogue standard, significantly improves the electromagnetic security of processed graphic information. This paper shows a comparison of the abovementioned standards in terms of information protection against electromagnetic infiltration. The paper presents the results of computer simulations and studies dealing with practical compromising emanations for DVI standard and its susceptibility to electromagnetic radiation spying. The obtained results show that the commonly expressed ideas of digital standards being fully secure are false. The obtained test results show that the level of electromagnetic protection can be increased by using appropriate pairs of colors for the text and background. This solution has to be connected with a mode that smooths the edges of graphic signs. Then, the number of frequencies in which valuable emissions exist can be limited. In this paper, pairs of colors for which the level of protection of information can be increased are shown. The authors present their analyses on the basis of the method of colors. The method is connected to possibilities of selection of smoothing modes of edges. As Windows is the most commonly used system in classified work stations (so-called TEMPEST computers), this operating system was considered from the viewpoint of the protection of processed information.