Transmission Of Short Messages Research Articles

Learning-Based Near-Orthogonal Superposition Code for MIMO Short Message Transmission

Massive machine type communication (mMTC) has attracted new coding schemes optimized for reliable short message transmission. In this paper, a novel deep learning-based near-orthogonal superposition (NOS) coding scheme is proposed to transmit short messages in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels for mMTC applications. In the proposed MIMO-NOS scheme, a neural network-based encoder is optimized via end-to-end learning with a corresponding neural network-based detector/decoder in a superposition-based auto-encoder framework including a MIMO channel. The proposed MIMO-NOS encoder spreads the information bits to multiple near-orthogonal high dimensional vectors to be combined (superimposed) into a single vector and reshaped for the space-time transmission. For the receiver, we propose a novel looped <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</i> -best tree-search algorithm with cyclic redundancy check (CRC) assistance to enhance the error correcting ability in the block-fading MIMO channel. For a comprehensive understanding of the proposed MIMO-NOS scheme, we further quantify the gain from individual components/modules in the framework, and analyze the decoding complexity measured by the floating point operations (FLOPs). Simulation results show the proposed MIMO-NOS scheme outperforms maximum likelihood (ML) MIMO detection combined with a polar code with CRC-assisted list decoding by 1 – 2 dB in various MIMO systems for short (32 – 64 bit) message transmission.

Application Research of Tethered UAV Platform in Marine Emergency Communication Network

In order to meet the needs of emergency communication for major emergency disaster rescue, a wireless emergency communication relay system based on tethered UAV platform is studied. From the perspective of practical application, the characteristics and network coverage of the emergency communication system are analyzed. The mooring UAV platform is equipped with various communication loads such as MESH(wireless grid network communication), 4G-LTE( Long term evolution fourth generation mobile communication) base station, AIS (Automatic Identification System) and so on, which are kept on the communication support ship. When the communication support ship enters the scene of maritime emergencies, the tethered UAV platform lifts off ,stays for a long time and realizes the relay communication service of various carriers within a radius of tens of kilometers through its various communication payloads, which provides key communication support for the Marine emergency communication network. The actual field test of the prototype system shows that the data transmission is stable and reliable, and the short message transmission is normal, which can meet the emergency communication demand of disaster rescue.

РАСЧЕТ СВОЕВРЕМЕННОСТИ ПЕРЕДАЧИ ЗАПРОСА В РЕЖИМЕ ДВОЙНОГО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ КАНАЛА СИГНАЛИЗАЦИИ

Introduction: it is shown that when organizing the collection of short digital messages in a trunking radio communication network, service request communication channels can be used, transmitting packets-requests to establish a connection. With this approach, the question arises about the size of the bandwidth of the request communication channel, allocated for collecting information, at which the fulfillment of the requirements for establishing a connection will be preserved. Purpose: the purpose of the work is to develop a methodology for calculating the timeliness of transmission of requests for establishing a connection in the context of transmission of short digital messages This technique is the basis of the technique for determining the bandwidth of the request communication channel, allocated for solving the problem of collecting short digital messages. Results: A mathematical description of the revealed feature was carried out, which is the scientific novelty of the research results. An analytical rule for calculating the matrix of transition probabilities and the procedure for calculating the vector of initial probabilities of the request transmission process are presented, which allow, based on the Kolmogorov-Chapman equation, to mathematically describe the request transmission process based on the random multiple access algorithm and calculate the probabilistic-temporal characteristics of the request transmission. The method of calculating the probabilistic-temporal characteristics of the request transmission based on the compiled mathematical model of the request transmission and the mathematical model of the operation of the request channel is presented. The effect of taking into account the revealed features is shown, expressed in increasing the timeliness of the request transmission. Practical relevance: Formed a methodology, which is the basis of the methodology for determining the optimal values of the parameters of the double use of the request channel, which makes it possible to organize the transmission of deterministic traffic of short digital messages over the request channel with a given level of timeliness of transmission of requests to establish a connection. Discussion: the use of the developed methodology will allow organizing a periodic collection of short digital messages in the trunking radio access network without using traffic channels.

An Experimental Study on the Use of LoRa Technology in Vehicle Communication

Among the profound changes that will come with the Internet of Things is vehicular communication. Shortly the vehicles will be connected between themselves (V2V) and their infrastructure. For the full achievement of these objectives, the challenges of new technologies are enormous due to the requirement of high reliability, high speed, and low latency. None of the technologies under development for this application has reached a satisfactory stage be assumed to as definitive. The LoRa technology, operating at frequencies below 1 GHz, presents a good signal spread and penetration in obstacles. It has a considerable range, open-source, simple, robust, and low-cost hardware, vast configuration possibilities, and applications, ranging from medicine to agriculture, do not use licensed bands. The tests proved to have good reach even in a dense urban environment. They can become a viable alternative in applications that require short message transmissions with few characters that do not require the constant sending of information packages. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the communication between V2I, V2V, and stationary vehicles using LoRa technology in field tests with measurements of signal strength, reception ratio, and signal-to-noise ratio. It will be using different SF (scattering factors) inherent to LoRa (SF7 and SF12) and evaluate the influence of the Doppler effect on communication.

BNRDT: When Data Transmission Meets Blockchain

Data transmission exists in almost all the Internet-based applications, while few of them consider the property of nonrepudiation as part of data security. If a data transmission scheme is performed without the endorsement of a trusted third party (TTP) or a central server, it is easy to raise disputes while transmitting valuable data, especially digital goods, because a dishonest participant can deny the fact of particular data transmission instance. The above problem can be solved by signing and encrypting. However, digital signature schemes usually assume public key infrastructure (PKI), increasing the burden on certificate management and are not suitable for distributed networks without TTP such as blockchain. To solve the above problems, we propose two new schemes for nonrepudiation data transmission based on blockchain (we call it BNRDT): one for short message transmission and the other for large file transmission. In BNRDT schemes, nonrepudiation evidence of data transmission is generated and stored on the blockchain to satisfy both the properties of nonrepudiation (including nonrepudiation of origin and nonrepudiation of receipt) and data confidentiality. We implement and test the schemes on Hyperledger Fabric. The experimental results show that the proposed schemes can provide appealing performance.

ATmega128 기반 단문 메시지 전송 프로토콜 IMCP 구현

ATmega128 기반 단문 메시지 전송 프로토콜 IMCP 구현

Opportunistic NOMA for Uplink Short-Message Delivery With a Delay Constraint

In this paper, we study the application of opportunistic non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) mode to short-message transmissions with user's power control under a finite power budget. It is shown that opportunistic NOMA mode, which can transmit multiple packets per slot, can dramatically lower the session error probability when $W$ packets are to be transmitted within a session consisting of $W_{\mathrm{ S}}$ slots, where $W_{\mathrm{ S}} \ge W$ and the slot length is equivalent to the packet length, compared to orthogonal multiple access (OMA) where at most one packet can be transmitted in each slot. From this, opportunistic NOMA mode can be seen as an attractive approach for uplink transmissions. We derive an upper-bound on the session error probability as a closed-form expression and also obtain a closed-form for the NOMA factor that shows the minimum possible ratio of the session error probability of opportunistic NOMA to that of OMA. Simulation results also confirm that opportunistic NOMA mode has a much lower session error probability than OMA.

Channel Coding Scheme for 5G Mobile Communication System for Short Length Message Transmission

Some channel coding schemes for 5G mobile communication system is facing difficulty in satisfying the user requirements in machine-type communication. This paper evaluates different channel coding ...

EFFICIENCY EVALUATION OF SCHEDULING ALGORITHMS FOR DELAY-SENSITIVE TRAFFIC IN OFDM DOWNLINK

Introduction: Common introduction of industrial control systems based on wireless networks leads to the emergence of a new way of using wireless networks, called the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). This framework assumes a large but finite number of users for which you have to provide the transmission of short messages with low delay and limited delay variation. Purpose: Efficiency evaluation of resource allocation algorithms for delay-sensitive traffic in a downlink OFDM channel. Methods: A n OFDM system is presented as a set of M/G/1 queuing systems. A convex optimization problem is introduced, whose solution determines the lower boundary of the average delay of message transmission in delay-sensitive traffic over the set of scheduling algorithms under study. Results: An algorithm is proposed for calculating the lower boundary of the average delay. This algorithm is fed by system parameters: the average message size, the input flow intensity, and the average maximum throughput for each device connected to the base station. Based on these input parameters, the optimization problem is introduced and solved by a numerical method. The solution of the optimization problem determines the lower boundary of the average message transmission delay. Practical relevance : The obtained result can be used by system developers for plan ning and deploying OFDM networks . It can also serve as a reference when developing Ultra- Reliable and Low Latency Communication technology .

Priority-Based Machine-To-Machine Overlay Network over LTE for a Smart City

Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and its improvement, Long-Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A), are attractive choices for Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication due to their ubiquitous coverage and high bandwidth. However, the focus of LTE design was high performance connection-based communications between human-operated devices (also known as human-to-human, or H2H traffic), which was initially established over the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH). On the other hand, M2M traffic is mostly based on contention-based transmission of short messages and does not need connection establishment. As a result, M2M traffic transmitted over LTE PRACH has to use the inefficient four-way handshake and compete for resources with H2H traffic. When a large number of M2M devices attempts to access the PRACH, an outage condition may occur; furthermore, traffic prioritization is regulated only through age-based power ramping, which drives the network even faster towards the outage condition. In this article, we describe an overlay network that allows a massive number of M2M devices to coexist with H2H traffic and access the network without going through the full LTE handshake. The overlay network is patterned after IEEE 802.15.6 to support multiple priority classes of M2M traffic. We analyse the performance of the joint M2M and H2H system and investigate the trade-offs needed to keep satisfactory performance and reliability for M2M traffic in the presence of H2H traffic of known intensity. Our results confirm the validity of this approach for applications in crowd sensing, monitoring and others utilized in smart city development.

On the possibility of creating a hybrid meteor-burst communication system

The possibility of using a meteor-burst communication for one-way transmission of short text messages is considered. The method for organizing a meteor-burst communication, which fully realizes its stealthiness and low power consumption, is proposed. According to the proposal, the meteoric radio channel is used to information transfer only from the base station to the peripheral one, and the sending of acknowledgments is via the Internet connection. The simulation results show that the proposed method can be used to transfer up to 1.5 Mbit per day.

고정밀 동기 모션 제어 응용을 위한 Xenomai 기반 임베디드 제어기

Motion control systems are widely deployed in various industrial automation processes. The motion controller, which is a key element of motion control systems, has stringent real-time constraints. The controller must provide a short and deterministic control message transmission cycle, and minimize the actuation deviation among motor drives. To meet these requirements, hardware-based proprietary controllers have been prevalent. However, since it is becoming difficult for such an approach to meet increasing needs of system interoperability and scalability, nowadays, software-based universal motion controllers are regarded as their substitutes. Recently, embedded motion controller solutions are gaining attention due to low cost and relatively high performance. In this paper, we designed and implemented an embedded motion controller on an ARM-based evaluation board by using Xenomai real-time kernel and other open source software components. We also measured and analyzed the performance of our embedded controller under a realistic test-bed environment. The experimental results show that our embedded motion controller can provide relatively deterministic performance with synchronized control of three motor axis at 2 ms control cycle.

Design of Control Terminal for Water Quality Detection Based on the Beidou Satellite Navigation System

The STM32F103RB single chip microcontroller as the core, and realizes the positioning and the short message transmission to the Beidou satellite navigation system module, to design the water quality detection control terminal. The actual show, control terminal design, can achieve the positioning system of water testing, acquisition, storage and transmission of sensor data. The extended application, the control terminal can be used to locate other required equipment, storage and transmission of data occasions.

Location Based Tracking System for Emergency Services

Transmitting the geo-location information of a target via wireless networks is effective when both the target and the tracker are within Wi-Fi coverage area; the 802.11 wireless networks are not always accessible. When the target or the tracker is unable to access Wi-Fi, it is impossible to perform location tracking. Therefore, SMS is a relatively more reliable and flexible solution because of its widespread use. In this system, a device is equipped with a global system for mobile communications (GSM) modem and a GPS unit. It transmits short messages containing its GPS coordinates to the server at 30-s intervals. Although transmitting the geo-location information of a target via wireless networks is effective when both the target and the tracker are within Wi-Fi coverage area, the 802.11 wireless networks are not always accessible. When the target or the tracker is unable to access Wi-Fi, it is impossible to perform location tracking. In this System, a novel method called location-based delivery (LBD), which combines the short message service (SMS) and global position system (GPS). LBD reduces the number of short message transmissions while maintaining the location tracking accuracy within the acceptable range. The proposed approach, LBD, consists of three primary features: Short message format, location prediction, and dynamic threshold. The defined short message format is proprietary.

Early-warning health and process indicators for sentinel surveillance in Madagascar 2007-2011.

Background: Epidemics pose major threats in resource-poor countries, and surveillance tools for their early detection and response are often inadequate. In 2007, a sentinel surveillance system was established in Madagascar, with the aim of rapidly identifying potential epidemics of febrile or diarrhoeal syndromes and issuing alerts. We present the health and process indicators for the five years during which this system was constructed, showing the spatiotemporal trends, early-warning sign detection capability and process evaluation through timely analyses of high-quality data.Methods: The Malagasy sentinel surveillance network is currently based on data for fever and diarrhoeal syndromes collected from 34 primary health centres and reported daily via the transmission of short messages from mobile telephones. Data are analysed daily at the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar to make it possible to issue alerts more rapidly, and integrated process indicators (timeliness, data quality) are used to monitor the system.Results: From 2007 to 2011, 917,798 visits were reported. Febrile syndromes accounted for about 11% of visits annually, but the trends observed differed between years and sentinel sites. From 2007 to 2011, 21 epidemic alerts were confirmed. However, delays in data transmission were observed (88% transmitted within 24 hours in 2008; 67% in 2011) and the percentage of forms transmitted each week for validity control decreased from 99.9% in 2007 to 63.5% in 2011.Conclusion: A sentinel surveillance scheme should take into account both epidemiological and process indicators. It must also be governed by the main purpose of the surveillance and by local factors, such as the motivation of healthcare workers and telecommunication infrastructure. Permanent evaluation indicators are required for regular improvement of the system.

Image sensing for short message transmission providing assistance to families with older adults

Image sensing for short message transmission providing assistance to families with older adults

A Survey on Reputation-Based Incentive Mechanism in Opportunistic Networks

In Opportunistic networks, mobile nodes communicate with each other through store-carry-and-forward manner by use of short message transmission technologies such as Bluetooth or WiFi. Message delivery relies mainly on cooperation among nodes. The incentive mechanism which aims to stimulate cooperation and prevent self-ish behavior is important. Reputation-based mechanism is one of the most popular motivations to tackle this problem. This paper surveys the recent reputation-based incentive mechanisms in Opportunistic Networks.

3G technology controlled brushless DC motor drive system using hybrid bacterial foraging-particle swarm optimisation

Instant messaging among mobile phone allows rapid transmission of short messages that permit any person to share ideas, opinions and other appropriate information. In this paper, the proposed control system is based on the 3G technology, which allows sending a text message with the control command from a remote area to the desired location. The mathematical model and the design PID speed controller for the brushless DC motor drive system are presented. A Hybrid Bacterial Foraging Particle Swarm Optimisation (HBF–PSO) algorithm is employed in order to obtain the controller parameters assuring enhanced step response performance criterion. Simulation results of the designed controllers are compared with that of classical evolutionary algorithm controllers whose parameters are adjusted using Practical Swarm Optimisation (PSO) and Bacterial Foraging Optimisation (BFO). Experimental and simulations results signify the superiority of the proposed technique over the PSO and BFO methods and allow the proposed system a greater degree of freedom to control and monitor the electric drive system.

Enhanced Mechanisms for Navigation and Tracking Services in Smart Phones

Combining Global Positioning System (GPS) and Short Message Service (SMS), this paper develops a realisticsystem, called Mobile Navigation and Tracking System (MNTS), to provide navigation and target tracking services.MNTS is an Android based mobile application which integrated many enhanced mechanisms for navigation andtarget tracking services. MNTS not only provides users with the GPS navigation capability, but also supports QuickResponse (QR) code decoding, nearby scenic spot searching, friend positioning and target tracking. In targettracking, MNTS utilizing SMS mainly adopts two proposed novel approaches: location prediction and dynamicthreshold to reduce the number of short message transmissions while maintaining location accuracy within anacceptable range. Location prediction utilizes the current target’s location, moving speed, bearing to predict its nextlocation. When the distance between the predicted location and the actual location exceeds a threshold, the targetsends a short message to the tracker to update the actual location. Based on the movement speed of the target,the threshold is dynamically adjusted to balance the location accuracy and the number of short messages.Furthermore, as MNTS is free and open-source software, service providers or developers can easily extend theirown services based on this system.

A tracking system using location prediction and dynamic threshold for minimizing SMS delivery

In this paper, a novel method called location-based delivery (LBD), which combines the short message service (SMS) and global position system (GPS), is proposed, and further, a realistic system for tracking a target's movement is developed. LBD reduces the number of short message transmissions while maintaining the location tracking accuracy within the acceptable range. The proposed approach, LBD, consists of three primary features: Short message format, location prediction, and dynamic threshold. The defined short message format is proprietary. Location prediction is performed by using the current location, moving speed, and bearing of the target to predict its next location. When the distance between the predicted location and the actual location exceeds a certain threshold, the target transmits a short message to the tracker to update its current location. The threshold is dynamically adjusted to maintain the location tracking accuracy and the number of short messages on the basisof the moving speed of the target. The experimental results show that LBD, indeed, outperforms other methods because it satisfactorily maintains the location tracking accuracy with relatively fewer messages.