Image Information Transmission Research Articles

Study of the Dispersion Compensation Double-Layer Diffractive Optical Components Based on Metasurface and Grating, and Their Application in Augmented Reality Displays.

We employed a double-layer coupled diffractive optical element, based on metasurfaces and diffraction gratings, which exhibits wavefront modulation and chromatic dispersion compensation. Utilizing this double-layer coupled diffractive optical element in the optical information transmission process of a diffractive waveguide allows for the transmission of color image information using a single-layer waveguide structure. Our results demonstrate that, under the conditions of a field of view of 47° × 47°, an entrance pupil size of 2.9 × 2.9 mm2, and an exit pupil extension size of 8.9 mm, the uniformity of the brightness for each monochromatic field reached 85%, while the uniformity of color transmission efficiency exceeded 95%.

On-orbit Moving Target Detection Method Based on Dual Images from Taijing-IV 01 Satellite

Abstract. With the evolution of satellite video technology, the domain has garnered increasing attention. Concurrently, advancements in deep learning have yielded numerous outcomes in target detection. This paper introduces a novel method for detecting moving targets, offering a broader detection range compared to traditional satellite video techniques, facilitating orbital target recognition from dual panchromatic image strips. Our experimental setup on the Taijing-IV 01 satellite, launched on February 27, 2022, successfully acquired two image strips separated by one second. These strips contain speed and directional information of moving objects, extractable through the frame differencing technique. We propose combining frame differencing with lightweight deep learning for target detection, extracting regions of interest (ROIs) to focus on areas with potential moving targets. This approach reduces the workload of wholeimage target detection, decreasing data processing volume by 89%. By optimizing the YOLOv8 network and using techniques like feature map fusion of low-level and high-resolution features, we enhance sensitivity to small targets. Consequently, the model size is reduced by 79%, the mean Average Precision (mAP) increases by approximately 1.8% and 4.5%, and detection speed rises by 26%. This method introduces a new paradigm in remote sensing data services, facilitating rapid acquisition and real-time transmission of positions and image information of moving targets to the ground. This significantly reduces bandwidth requirements for transmitting remote sensing information, presenting a novel strategy for data acquisition and processing in large-scale Earth observation systems and geoscientific applications.

Design and Implementation of Image Acquisition and Signal Transmission Functions based on FPGA

Abstract In recent years, video network monitoring systems have evolved rapidly, from the first generation of digital-analogue systems to the fully IP-based systems. Based on the FPGA core, this design focuses on image acquisition and information transmission. The FPGA expansion board contains several peripheral modules, including the OV7670 camera captures images, DRAM stores data, and FIFO handles cross-clock domain signal transmission. While the reference clock is 40ns, in this system, the clock period is 20ns, making two clock cycles equal to one reference clock cycle. Then, two counters are used, one is the reference clock and another is the line synchronization (cnt1) to count 800 clock cycles per line. The end of a line is indicated by end_cnt0, and FIFO data is stored in SDRAM. Configuring the VGA display driver allows image data to be transmitted and displayed on the VGA screen. The system features a simple structure, high resource utilization, and strong reliability.

Analysis of the Dynamics of a Cubic Nonlinear Five-Dimensional Memristive Chaotic System and the Study of Reduced-Dimensional Synchronous Masking

To improve the complexity of the chaotic system and achieve the effective transmission of image information, in this paper, a five-dimensional memristive chaotic system with cubic nonlinear terms is constructed, which has four pairs of symmetric coordinates. First, the cubic nonlinear memristive chaotic system is analyzed using the Lyapunov exponential map, bifurcation map, and attractor phase diagram. The experimental results show that under four pairs of symmetric coordinates, the system exists not only parameter-dependent symmetric rotational coexisting attractor and transient chaotic phenomena but also exists super-multistationary with alternating chaotic cycles dependent on the initial value of the memristor. Then, it is proposed to add a constant term to the linear state variable to explore the effect of the offset increment of the linear state variable on the system in four pairs of symmetric coordinates, while circuit simulation of the five-dimensional chaotic system is carried out using Simulink to verify its existence and realisability. Finally, the synchronization of the dimensionality reduction system and the confidential transmission of the image are achieved, using the control voltage of the system to replace the internal state variables of the memristor to achieve the one-dimensional reduction process, and an adaptive synchronization controller is designed to synchronize the system before and after the dimensionality reduction. Based on the above, an image to be transmitted is modulated into a one-dimensional array and then subjected to the fractional and cyclic operations and combined with the linear encryption and decryption functions and the chaotic masking technique, the simple encryption and decryption of the image processes are realized.

Abstract Exploration of Paper-cut Art

Chinese paper-cutting art carries the profound and abstract ancient folk culture, uniquely reflects thousands of years of tradition of image recording and information transmission, and at the same time adapts to the ever-changing cultural environment. Among the people, paper-cutting has become a symbol system that integrates images and words, classical and modern, and is an "artistic language" used by artists to express complex emotions about life. Through abstract thinking, the creator combines various symbols to show unique expression techniques and embodies the uniqueness of paper-cutting art.Paper-cutting is a cultural collective and a static carrier of my country's thousands of years of culture. Our research cannot just be limited to the static itself, but the spiritual understanding of this human culture is more important.

Chaotic Systems-Based Secure Communication Scheme for Detection of Wind Turbines

With the popularity of the Industrial Internet of Things, there are huge security challenges in the storage and transmission of image information. How to ensure that transmitted images from malicious attacks and random tampering have become a hot topic of information security. In this paper, a new secure communication scheme is proposed in consideration of the security requirements of transmitted images during the detection of wind turbines process. The scheme is based on the image diffusion method of chaotic systems. By utilizing the sensitivity of the chaotic systems to the initial conditions and parameters, and using the parameters as the key to realizing the encryption and decryption of the image. Furthermore, a large amount of image information will be acquired in real-time during the inspection process of the fan blades by UAVs. Due to the limited computing and storage resources of UAVs, C-E-D three-layer architecture is adopted, which can effectively offload the complex tasks to the edge and cloud to significantly reduce UAVs latency and energy consumption. Test and analysis results show that the proposed encryption scheme is effective and reliable for image security communication applications.

An efficient image encryption algorithm based on S-box and DNA code

In order to ensure the security of image information transmission, a new image encryption algorithm is proposed based on S-box and DNA coding theory. Through the construction of the dynamic S-box, the key space of the encryption algorithm is enlarged, and the encryption process is more flexible. The flexibility of DNA encoding allows for a larger key volume and higher security in image encryption. Experimental results show that the encrypted image gray level distribution is uniform, the correlation between adjacent pixels is lower, the encryption effect is good, and it has good security.

Color image information transmission based on elliptic optical vortex array encoding/decoding.

A multichannel high-dimensional data encoding/decoding scheme based on composite elliptic optical vortex (EOV) arrays is proposed. By exploiting the rotation angle of the EOV, a 4 × 4 composite EOV array is used for high-dimensional data encoding. The conjugate symmetric extension Fourier computer-generated holography algorithm with controllable reconstruction focus is used to assign different reconstruction focus to the data of the three channels (R, G, and B) of the color image. Then, the data of the three channels is transmitted simultaneously by a single hologram to further improve the transmission efficiency. At the receiver, the initial information sequence is decoded by directly identifying the captured intensity patterns with a deep learning-based convolutional neural network. In the experiment, a 128 × 128-pixel color image is successfully transmitted, which confirms the feasibility of our proposed encoding/decoding scheme. This method has great potential for future high-capacity optical communications.

Real-time on-orbit image quality improvement for a wide-field imaging system with detector arrays.

Wide-field imaging systems are faced with the problem of massive image information processing and transmission. Due to the limitation of data bandwidth and other factors, it is difficult for the current technology to process and transmit massive images in real-time. With the requirement for fast response, the demand for real-time on-orbit image processing is increasing. In practice, nonuniformity correction is an important preprocessing step to improve the quality of surveillance images. This paper presents a new real-time on-orbit nonuniform background correction method, which only uses the local pixels of a single row output in real-time, breaking the dependence of the traditional algorithm on the whole image information. Combined with the FPGA pipeline design, when the local pixels of a single row are read out, the processing is completed, and no cache is required at all, which saves the resource overhead in hardware design. It achieves microsecond-level ultra-low latency. The experimental results show that under the influence of strong stray light and strong dark current, our real-time algorithm has a better image quality improvement effect compared with the traditional algorithm. It will greatly help the on-orbit real-time moving target recognition and tracking.

A Dynamic Image Encryption Scheme Based on Quantum Walk and Chaos-Induced DNA

The development of quantum information technology and increasing attention of people to the secure transmission of image information in the Internet have put forward higher requirements for traditional image encryption algorithms that not only take advantage of the exponential acceleration ability of quantum computing compared with classical computing but also reduce the risk of encryption algorithms being cracked. Therefore, in order to seek the combination of the advantages of quantum computing and classical image encryption algorithms, this paper proposes a new dynamic encryption image scheme of quantum walk and chaos-induced DNA. Firstly, the RGB three-channel pixels of the color image are extracted and combined into a one-dimensional array, and a random sequence is generated by quantum walk to reorder it to obtain a preliminary scrambled image; secondly, the color image is processed by the SHA-256 algorithm and divided into the generated message digest as the initial condition of the chaotic model. The random sequence was generated by the high-dimensional chaotic model which encodes each pixel independently and disorderly as DNA bases. The difference of the chaotic sequence ensures the dynamic selection of random DNA encoding and decoding rules during encryption. At the same time, the number of times of DNA encryption of the encoded pixel value is also controlled by the dynamic induction of the chaotic sequence, and ultimately, the DNA coding sequence is replaced with the decimal pixel value to obtain the encrypted image. The simulation results show that the information entropy of the encrypted image is above 7.99, and the correlation of each channel is close to 0, which can effectively resist brute force attacks, plaintext attacks, statistical analysis attacks, noise attacks, etc. In addition, in this paper, extracting the watermark embedded in the encrypted image to judge whether image information is tampered or forged further improves the security of the image information.

Highly Trustworthy In-Sensor Cryptography for Image Encryption and Authentication.

The prevailing transmission of image information over the Internet of Things demands trustworthy cryptography for high security and privacy. State-of-the-art security modules are usually physically separated from the sensory terminals that capture images, which unavoidably exposes image information to various attacks during the transmission process. Here we develop in-sensor cryptography that enables capturing images and producing security keys in the same hardware devices. The generated key inherently binds to the captured images, which gives rise to highly trustworthy cryptography. Using the intrinsic electronic and optoelectronic characteristics of the 256 molybdenum disulfide phototransistor array, we can harvest electronic and optoelectronic binary keys with a physically unclonable function and further upgrade them into multiple-state ternary and double-binary keys, exhibiting high uniformity, uniqueness, randomness, and coding capacity. This in-sensor cryptography enables highly trustworthy image encryption to avoid passive attacks and image authentication to prevent unauthorized editions.

A visually secure image encryption scheme based on adaptive block compressed sensing and non-negative matrix factorization

The traditional block compressive sensing theory cannot make full use of the difference of image block information characteristics for sampling, and the measurement matrix cannot fully measure the image according to the image block information characteristics. To solve these problems, we design an adaptive block compressed sensing (ABCS) algorithm, and we propose a visually secure image encryption scheme based on ABCS and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). First, the plain image is decomposed by Tetrolet transform. Then, we perform matrix shuffling to optimize the sparsity of the sparse matrix. Next, adaptive sampling and measurement are performed according to the information distribution characteristics between the image blocks to compress the image to a quarter of its original size. Last, we design a scrambling–diffusion framework based on tetrominoes to obtain the secret image, which is then embedded into the carrier image by means of NMF to obtain a visually secure cipher image. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can consider the security of image information transmission and the integrity of reception, and has good resistance to various attacks.

The Application Of Encryption And Decryption To The Delivery Of Text Messages Using The Rc4 Algorithm (Rivest Code 4) Utilizes The Lsb (Least Of Significant Bit) Algorithm As An Insertion Into The Image

The use of image media information has several disadvantages, one of which is that it is easy to manipulate by certain parties with the help of technology that is developing today. Efforts that can be made in improving the security of the transmission of image information are cryptography, which is the science and art of keeping messages safe. In this study, the RC4 (Rivest Code 4) and LSB (Least Of Significant Bit) stegnography methods were applied which aimed to obtain a stronger cipher by inserting messages into the image so that it was difficult to intercept. RC4 (Rivest Code 4) algorithm for encrypting and decryption, LSB (Least Of Significant Bit) stegnography used to decode and decode images. The results of this study show that by applying RC4 (Rivest Code 4) and LSB Stegnography (Least Of Significant Bit) can secure messages inserted into the image and secure keys for data needs. The encoding and decoding process time is influenced by the number of messages that will be kept secret.

이미지 기반 소셜 네트워크 서비스(SNS)의 디자인 활용에 관한 연구

Today, various communication activities represented by communication and exchange between people are being used as an important method for creative problem-solving in design. A social network service (SNS) called 'Pinterest' has the advantage of active communication and acquisition of visual information in the design field based on images, and is increasingly emerging. The purpose of this study is to examine the use cases and behaviors in the design field, where creative work is prioritized, in that design is the transmission and exchange of image information, and to explore the influence and direction it will have on basic design education. Accordingly, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 261 college students majoring in design, and meaningful data on the recent use of Pinterest was obtained. As a result of the survey, it was found that Pinterest, as a vast image-based SNS, has the ease of use to obtain design ideas suitable for one's major field, and actively participates in its use by logging in at least once a day. In addition, it was confirmed that most of the subjects recognized that Pinterest was more helpful in improving problem-solving ability and creativity than when not using Pinterest. It can be said that the significance of this study is that it has deduced a certain research result of acquiring basic data that can contemplate new possibilities of basic design education process and subject design in universities through this study.

MXene/epoxy-based shape memory nanocomposites with highly stable thermal-mechanical coupling effect for constructing an effective information transmission medium

Information security is essential for any country, enterprise, and institution in the digital age. Shape memory polymers (SMP) and their composites provide attractive candidates for encrypted information transmission since they are an integral branch of intelligent materials. Herein, MXene/waterborne epoxy (WEP) shape memory nanocomposites were fabricated by a simple preparation process and employed as information transmission media. The results showed that the MXene/WEP nanocomposites noticeably improved mechanical properties, creep resistance, and thermal-mechanical coupling cycle stability while maintaining excellent shape memory properties compared to the pristine WEP which ensured nanocomposites’ stimulus-response signal are stable and reproducible. Furthermore, an information encryption transmission system was constructed by customizing the encoding correspondence among the information units, thermal-mechanical coupling stimulus conditions, and stimulus-response signals of the nanocomposites. Multiple security strategies to defend this system including information steganography, coded encryption, and the shape memory effect, which dramatically enhancing communication security. Finally, the application potential of the nanocomposites for encrypted transmission of text and image information were demonstrated. This work provides a new strategy for the application of SMP in information transmission and security.

Learning to image and compute with multimode optical fibers.

Multimode fibers (MMF) were initially developed to transmit digital information encoded in the time domain. There were few attempts in the late 60s and 70s to transmit analog images through MMF. With the availability of digital spatial modulators, practical image transfer through MMFs has the potential to revolutionize medical endoscopy. Because of the fiber's ability to transmit multiple spatial modes of light simultaneously, MMFs could, in principle, replace the millimeters-thick bundles of fibers currently used in endoscopes with a single fiber, only a few hundred microns thick. That, in turn, could potentially open up new, less invasive forms of endoscopy to perform high-resolution imaging of tissues out of reach of current conventional endoscopes. Taking endoscopy by its general meaning as looking into, we review in this paper novel ways of imaging and transmitting images using a machine learning approach. Additionally, we review recent work onusing MMF to perform machine learning tasks. The advantages and disadvantages of using machine learning instead of conventional methods is also discussed. Methods of imaging in scattering media and particularly MMFs involves measuring the phase and amplitude of the electromagnetic wave, coming out of the MMF and using these measurements to infer the relationship between the input and the output of the MMF. Most notable techniques include analog phase conjugation [A. Yariv, "On transmission and recovery of three-dimensional image information in optical waveguides," J.Opt. Soc. Am., vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 301-306, 1976; A. Gover, C. Lee, and A. Yariv, "Direct transmission of pictorial information in multimode optical fibers," J.Opt. Soc. Am., vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 306-311, 1976; G. J.Dunning and R. Lind, "Demonstration of image transmission through fibers by optical phase conjugation," Opt. Lett., vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 558-560, 1982; A. Friesem, U. Levy, and Y. Silberberg, "Parallel transmission of images through single optical fibers," Proc. IEEE, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 208-221, 1983], digital phase conjugation [I. N. Papadopoulos, S. Farahi, C. Moser, and D. Psaltis, "Focusing and scanning light through a multimode optical fiber using digital phase conjugation," Opt. Express, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 10583-10590, 2012; I. N. Papadopoulos, S. Farahi, C. Moser, and D. Psaltis, "High-resolution, lensless endoscope based on digital scanning through a multimode optical fiber," Biomed. Opt. Express, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 260-270, 2013] or the full-wave holographic transmission matrix method. The latter technique, which is the current gold standard, measures both the amplitude and phase of the output patterns corresponding to multiple input patterns to construct a matrix of complex numbers relaying the input to the output [Y. Choi, etal., "Scanner-free and wide-field endoscopic imaging by using a single multimode optical fiber," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 109, no. 20, p. 203901, 2012; A. M. Caravaca-Aguirre, E. Niv, D. B. Conkey, and R. Piestun, "Real-time resilient focusing through a bending multimode fiber," Opt. Express, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 12881-12887; R. Y. Gu, R. N. Mahalati, and J.M. Kahn, "Design of flexible multi-mode fiber endoscope," Opt. Express, vol. 23, no. 21, pp. 26905-26918, 2015; D. Loterie, S. Farahi, I. Papadopoulos, A. Goy, D. Psaltis, and C. Moser, "Digital confocal microscopy through a multimode fiber," Opt. Express, vol. 23, no. 18, pp. 23845-23858, 2015]. This matrix is then used for imaging of the inputs or projection of desired patterns. Other techniques rely on iteratively optimizing the pixel value of the input image to perform a particular task (such as focusing or displaying an image) [R. Di Leonardo and S. Bianchi, "Hologram transmission through multi-mode optical fibers," Opt. Express, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 247-254, 2011; T. Čižmár and K. Dholakia, "Shaping the light transmission through a multimode optical fibre: complex transformation analysis and applications in biophotonics," Opt. Express, vol. 19, no. 20, pp. 18871-18884, 2011; T. Čižmár and K. Dholakia, "Exploiting multimode waveguides for pure fibre-based imaging," Nat. Commun., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1-9, 2012; S. Bianchi and R. Di Leonardo, "A multi-mode fiber probe for holographic micromanipulation and microscopy," Lab Chip, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 635-639, 2012; E. R. Andresen, G. Bouwmans, S. Monneret, and H. Rigneault, "Toward endoscopes with no distal optics: video-rate scanning microscopy through a fiber bundle," Opt. Lett., vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 609-611, 2013].

Fast and Robust Image Encryption Scheme Based on Quantum Logistic Map and Hyperchaotic System

Topic of quantum chaos has begun to draw increasing attention in recent years. So, to ensure the security of digital image, an image encryption algorithm based on combining a hyperchaotic system and quantum 3D logistic map is proposed. This algorithm is applied in four stages. Initially, the key generator builds upon the foundation of mean for any row or column of the edges of the plain image. Its output value is used to yield initial conditions and parameters of the proposed image encryption scheme. Next, it diffuses the plain image by the random sequences generated by 3D hyperchaotic system, and the diffusion process is realized by implementing XOR operation. Then, the diffused image and chaotic sequences are produced by the 3D quantum chaotic logistic map, expressed as a quantum superposition state using density matrix which is a representation of the state of a quantum system, and finally the resulting quantum image is then confused and diffused simultaneously by a unitary matrix generated by logistic chaos using XNOR operation to obtain the final cipher image. Because of the dependence on the plain image, the algorithm can frustrate the chosen‐plaintext and known‐plaintext attacks. Simulation results and theoretical analysis verify that the presented scheme has high safety performance, a good encryption effect, and a large key space. The method can effectively resist exhaustive, statistical, and differential attacks. Moreover, the encryption time of the proposed method is satisfactory, and the method can be efficiently used in practice for the secure transmission of image information.

PAPR REDUCTION TECHNIQUES AND IMAGE QUALITY ASSESSMENTIN IMAGE BASED MMS VLC SYSTEM

The radiofrequency method of transmission suffers from the problem of the limited licensed radio frequency spectrum, & security, wide EMI (electromagnetic interference), high multipath fading & power consumption for short-range applications. The solution to these problems can be achieved by using optical wireless communication technique called the Visible Light Communication system where the data is sent through regulated emission of light. The transmission of digital image information productively in the present optical wireless communication framework is an uphill task as these systems often suffer from problems like frequency selective fading propagation losses and inter-symbol interferences. In order to conquer such difficulties we hereby propose a robust method to transfer the digital image through a Multi-Carrier Modulation Scheme-MMS. In this paper, an Image-Based Multicarrier modulation VLC system is designed through which is sent a corrupted Digital Image with additive white Gaussian noise and explored the overall execution of the Image based Multicarrier modulation VLC system at distinct SNR values. The paper also addresses the issue of high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) in Multicarrier modulation and reduced it by using different PAPR reduction techniques. The received image quality of the proposed system is obtained under different signal to noise ratios at different modulation schemes..

A Secure Chaotic Block Image Encryption Algorithm Using Generative Adversarial Networks and DNA Sequence Coding

This paper proposes a block encryption algorithm based on a new chaotic system that combines generative adversarial networks (GANs) and DNA sequence coding. First, the new one-dimensional chaotic system that combines GANs with DNA sequence coding generates two more complex key stream sequences. Then, the two different random sequences are combined with an improved Feistel network by utilizing the product of the block matrix to encrypt the image to scramble and diffuse the image. Finally, the security performance of this algorithm is quantitatively analysed. The simulation results show that the proposed chaotic system has a large key space, and the new algorithm yields adequate security and can resist exhaustive attacks and chosen-plaintext attacks. Therefore, this approach provides a new algorithm for secure transmission and protection of image information.

A Novel Chaotic Block Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks

This paper proposes a novel chaotic block image encryption algorithm based on deep convolutional generative adversarial networks (DCGANs), quaternions, an improved Feistel network, and an overall scrambling and diffusion mechanism. First, a new hyperchaotic system is introduced and combined with DCGANs to generate a random sequence with better randomness and complexity as a key stream. This sequence is then combined with a quaternion and an improved Feistel network encryption of a colour plaintext image by utilizing the key block matrix to ultimately achieve overall scrambling and diffusion of the cipher image. Finally, the security of this algorithm is quantitatively and qualitatively analysed. The simulation results show that the proposed hyperchaotic system has a large key space and good random characteristics and that the new algorithm yields adequate security and can resist brute-force attacks and chosen-plaintext attacks. Therefore, this approach provides a new way to achieve secure transmission and protection of image information.