Values Of Transmission Coefficients Research Articles

Амплитудно-частотные характеристики виброзащитной системы сиденья с трехсегментной статической силовой характеристикой и участком квазинулевой жесткости

Vibration protection for heavy equipment operators is important. Exposure to vibration is harmful to health. Vibration protection seats are used for protection. Reliable passive systems with quasi-zero stiffness are promising. For the developed design of the seat on the basis of parallelogram mechanism, spring, cable and rollers, the study of vibration-protective properties is carried out. The design scheme has been developed, key parameters have been selected, and their study on vibration protection parameters has been carried out. The static force response was approximated by three linear segments with a horizontal mean. The known dynamic model describing forced oscillations of the mass was used. The displacement of the base was given by a harmonic function. Vibration protection systems with three-segment and with one-segment static force response were compared. The comparison was carried out in terms of transmission coefficients, accelerations and suspension displacement. The results of the computational experiment are presented in the form of graphs: amplitude-frequency characteristics in the form of transmission coefficients in acceleration and displacement, at different amplitudes of base vibrations, damp-ing and stiffness coefficients. Dependences of average values of transmission coefficients in the investigated frequency range are given. Vibration damping is effective when the maximum suspension travel does not exceed the middle section of the static characteristic. The most effective vibration damping, according to the average value of the acceleration transfer coefficient, is achieved at minimum, and for a single-segment characteristic — zero values of the stiffness coefficient. The presence of extreme segments in the characteristic significantly increases the average values of the accelera-tion and displacement transfer coefficients of the suspension. Seat vibration protection systems in real conditions should have a limitation of suspension displacement for ergonomic reasons. The values of the stiffness coefficients of the extreme parts of the static force response, according to the criterion of minimizing the average value of the acceleration transfer coefficient, should be minimized. To substantiate the optimal values of the stiffness coefficients of the extreme sections of the characteristic and viscous friction coefficients, it is advisable to conduct additional studies under step and stochastic impacts.

Numerical modeling of wave reflection and transmission in I-Shaped Floating Breakwater Series

The effectiveness of floating breakwaters in reducing waves can be achieved by adjusting the placement of structures according to conditions in the field. The effect of floating breakwater layout will affect the transmission and reflection waves. This study numerically modeled a floating breakwater with 0° porosity using Flow-3D to determine the reflection and transmission waves. The layout under study is a connection of three single-model floating breakwaters (I-shaped), connected by connectors made of coated wire rope in three variations of placement for wave incident angles (0°, 30°, and 60°). The study results show that the greater the angle of inclination of the structure causes an increase in the transmission coefficient and the lower the reflection coefficient. Floating breakwater layouts with tilt angles of 0°, 30°, and 60° have transmission coefficient values that differ not too significantly, where the tilt angle of 60° is more effective at damping waves compared to other tilt angles.

Experimental Study on Wave Transmission Coefficient of Double Cylindrical Floating Breakwater in a Wave Basin

Floating breakwater is a better alternative than the conventional method. It is an effective coastal engineering unit used to protect coastal regions such as harbours and marinas from erosive waves. It has many other applications such as offshore renewable energy generation, infrastructure preservation, temporary structure, and provides a controlled environment for aquaculture activities. The floating breakwater such as the double cylindrical floating breakwater (DCFB) is claimed to have effective wave attenuation characteristics. A lab scale investigation was done by placing the DCFB in a controlled wave basin in with wave generator to generate wave and wave gauge to quantify the wave transmission coefficient. The wave transmission coefficient represents the effectiveness of the breakwater system in attenuating incoming waves, where an effective breakwater system will result in a low transmission coefficient value. In this study, the DCFB’s effectiveness in terms of wave transmission coefficient was investigated with two different configurations where the spacing between the cylinders of the DCFB units are 0.2 m and 0.6 m respectively. Results show that the configuration of DCFB units with 0.5 m cylinder spacing are more effective in absorbing incoming wave height resulting in lower transmission coefficient. Furthermore, some prospective areas had been identified for future enhancement.

Development of double-layer metamaterial with high effective medium ratio values for S- and C-band applications

This study introduces a compact double negative metamaterial (DNM) composed of three split rings connected slab resonator (TSRCSR) based double-layer design with a high 13.9 EMR (effective medium ratio) value. A double-layer patch is introduced to achieve the novel double negative properties, including negative behaviours of effective medium parameters, including refractive index, permittivity, and permeability with a high effective medium ratio for the miniaturised size of the introduced unconventional material that is highly suitable for microwave S and C band covering applications. The popular low-loss Rogers RT5880 (thickness 1.575 mm) substrate and copper resonator materials are utilized to develop the metamaterial unit cell that offers triple resonance between frequencies from 1 to 8 GHz. Therefore, the proposed metamaterial exhibits resonance peaks at 2.75, 5.2, and 6.3 GHz, suitable for radar, communication satellite, and long-distance telecommunication applications, respectively. The commercially available simulator known as Computer Simulation Technology (CST) is adopted to develop and simulate the 8 × 8 mm2 metamaterial design. The simulation results of the introduced TSRCSR design structure were verified by adopting the Ansys High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). Furthermore, it was then proved with the help of equivalent circuit model findings gained from the Advanced Design Structure (ADS) software. On the other hand, the analytical results were further validated by measuring the TSRCSR design utilizing a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). These analyses become one of the novelties of this work, where the compact TSRCSR metamaterial successfully gained small discrepancies in transmission coefficient values when compared to both analytical and measurement results. The proposed metamaterial is highly suggested for communication devices for its extensive effective characteristics and compactness.

USE OF BORON WASTE IN FLY ASH BASED GEOPOLYMER BRICKS

In study, it is targeted to produce geopolymer bricks by using Eskişehir Kırka region boron waste and Seyitömer thermal power plant waste fly ash. It was aimed to produce geopolymer brick, which is more durable than normal brick physically and mechanically and has thermal insulation properties. Within the scope of the study, the rate of fly ash was kept constant as 10%, and geopolymer bricks were produced by using different ratios (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60%) of boron waste. In order to determine the physical properties of the produced brick samples, waterloged weight per unit of volume, water absorption (by weight), porosity, heat transmission coefficient of solid objects tests applied. As a result of the study, it was observed that with the increase in the amount of boron waste, waterloged weight per unit of volume, water absorption (by weight), porosity and heat transmission coefficient values of solid objects decreased. It was determined that the compressive strength of the samples increased up to 50% and the boron waste substitution decreased by 60%. It was observed that the flexural strength values were decreased up to 50%, and the boron waste substitution were done. For the determination of its mechanical properties, compressive strength and bending tensile strength tests were of 60% increased. In addition, it was concluded that there is no harm in using boron waste and fly ash substitution at certain rates in the production of bricks, and this situation will have positive effects on the environment and human health.

Dual-band Via-less Band-pass Filter Based on Cascaded Closed Ring Resonator

A band-pass filter (BPF) is an essential part of a wireless communication system as it functions to reduce interference and noise. Many structures have been proposed to achieve a high-quality BPF. Typically, these structures utilize vias. However, vias has several drawbacks, including impedance discontinuities, increased resistance values, and complex structures. In this study, we propose a dual-band BPF based on a cascaded closed ring resonator (CCRR) without using vias. Specifically, the proposed structure consists of multiple CCRRs connected at the corner pattern and incorporates capacitive coupling to the input impedance. Additionally, the CCRR configuration has dual sizing to achieve dual-band performance. Subsequently, the proposed BPF is simulated and fabricated using Duroid Rogers RT 5880 with dielectric constant εr = 2.2, dissipation factor tan δ = 0.0009, and thickness h = 1.575 mm. The measurement results demonstrated that the dual-band BPF operated at a resonant frequency of 2.50 GHz with a transmission coefficient (S21) value of -2.18 dB in the first band. In the second band, a resonant frequency of 3.70 GHz was obtained with an S21 value of -1.43 dB. The bandwidth in the first band was 160 MHz, and in the second band, it was 110 MHz. Moreover, based on the measurement results, the reflection coefficient (S11) in the first band was -11.05 dB, while in the second band, it was -23.3 dB. The excellent agreement between the simulation and measurement validates the proposed method.

Analysis of submerged breakwater models using ripple tank

A breakwater is an infrastructure that functions to dampen wave energy. To secure the area directly adjacent to the coast, an effective breakwater model is needed based on the analysis of the dissipation coefficient value ( ). This study aims to determine a good breaker model based on the value using a ripple tank. The data analyzed were wave heights before and after passing through the breakwaters of the three concrete models whose arrangement was varied. The results showed that the breaker model that is effective in reducing wave energy is the Grooved cube model with holes arranged horizontally based on the resulting small reflection coefficient ( ) and transmission coefficient ( ) values and large values

RUNUP OF A SURFACE SOLITARY WAVE ON A THIN VERTICAL SEMI-SUBMERSED SCREEN

Global climate changes lead to an increase in the number and intensity of extreme events in the seas and oceans (tsunamis, floods, storm surges, etc.). This can have catastrophic consequences involving the destruction of civil infrastructure, the flooding of large areas of recreational land, the loss of life, and can also adversely affect water quality, sediment transport, and habitats for living organisms. The creation of artificial berms on the seabed and breakwater piers changes significantly the parameters of wave processes, reducing destructive effect of waves in the coastal zone. But the use of traditional coastal protection structures (dams, piers, breakwaters) is not always efficient and economically reasonable. Thin permeable barriers are increasingly being considered as an alternative option in providing economic and ecological protection of coastal areas. The purpose of this research is to substantiate the effectiveness of vertical semi-submerged walls for protection the shores of natural reservoirs from the destructive energy of surface waves. Such a structure is non-permeable near the free surfacer, and is supported by piles at some distance from the bottom, which allows the flow of water and sediments. The physical simulation of the interaction of a nonlinear solitary wave, which is considered as a tsunami model, with a semi-submerged thin vertical barrier is performed in the experimental channel to evaluate the effectiveness of vertical wave barriers against the destructive energy of long waves. It was found that interaction of a solitary wave with an overhanging vertical wall leads to generation both of the reflected wave, due to roll of the incident wave on the structure, and the transmitted wave, which is formed after the liquid mass passes through the gap between the bottom and the wall. Quantitative characteristics of the interaction of the wave with the obstacle were obtained with the help of capacitive sensors, which were installed along the main axis of the laboratory channel to record the free surface disturbances caused by the propagation of the wave in the channel, its reflection from the wave screen and its transmission downstream. The processing of the received data made it possible to estimate the parameters of a solitary wave, which was formed in the channel by the impact of a heavy body on the water surface, those are the amplitude, length, and velocity of wave propagation. The energy attenuation of a solitary wave is estimated, which is an important characteristic of the channel and makes it possible to obtain more accurate values of reflection and transmission coefficients. Evaluations of wave reflection and transmission coefficients show that thin partially submerged vertical barriers are sufficiently effective in reducing the energy of nonlinear solitary waves although they do not suppress the waves completely. The depth of the screen-type permeable obstacle immersion relative to the free surface has a significant influence on the reflection/transmission coefficients and its effectiveness, accordingly. It has been established that semi-submerged obstacles can dissipate up to 60% of the incident wave energy.

Calculating InN/GaN Transmission Coefficient from Single Barrier to Five Barriers with Propagation Matrix and Transfer Matrix Methods

In this study, the value of transmission coefficient on InN/GaN semiconductor from a single barrier to five barriers was determined by using the propagation matrix method and the transfer matrix method. This study aims to see the effect of adding a barrier to the number of resonance tunneling that occurs, to see the difference in transmission coefficient values which was obtained with the two methods, and to determine the effectiveness of the program execution process time from the propagation matrix and transfer matrix methods using Matlab programming. The results obtained indicated that the value of the transmission coefficient obtained from the two methods was the same. As the number of barriers increases, the number of resonance tunneling that occurs will increase. These two matrix methods had differences in terms of the effectiveness of the program execution process time and calculation process. The propagation matrix method was considered more effective than the transfer matrix method.

Study on the Effects of Protective Layer on the Electron and Hole Transmission of Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) Photocatalyst Based on a Simple Quantum Mechanical Model

Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) is a photocatalyst material with a low energy band gap, which exhibits a potential application for the visible light spectrum. However, the serious photo-corrosion of CdS inhibits its wide applications. To prevent photo-corrosion, one can coat the CdS surface coated with an insulating material. The addition of this insulating layer will produce a barrier potential on the surface of the CdS thereby blocking the transmission of electrons and holes. If the thickness of this protective layer is thin enough the electron and hole can be transmitted by the quantum tunneling effect. Using a simple quantum mechanical model, the phenomena of electron and hole transmission through potential barriers due to the presence of a protective layer on the CdS surface can be analyzed. Based on this model, the effects of variations in thickness and type of protective layer on the performance of CdS photocatalyst materials are studied by calculating the transmission coefficient and injection efficiency values. The protective coatings used in this study were Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3), Hafnium Dioxide (HfO2), and Silicon Dioxide (SiO2). The results show that transmission decreases as the thickness of the protective increases. Among the three types of protective coatings used, HfO2 material has the potential to be used because it has the best injection efficiency value.

The Technique for Manufacturing Flexible Electromagnetic Shields Based on Resistive Materials

The article introduces the technique for manufacturing flexible electromagnetic shields based on resistive materials ( powdered charcoals and sheet foil ), as well as the results of experimental justification of the use prospects of this technique in the development of new functional materials . This justification consisted of : 1) manufacturing of the experimental samples in accordance with the presented technique ; 2) carrying out the measurements of the electromagnetic radiation reflection and transmission coefficient values in the frequency range of 0.7–17.0 GHz of the manufactured experimental samples . It was discovered that flexible electromagnetic shields based on the powdered charcoals manufactured in accordance with the presented technique are characterized by the electromagnetic radiation reflection coefficient values in the frequency range of 0.7–17.0 GHz , reaching –10.0 dB , when electromagnetic radiation reflection coefficient values reach –20.0 dB . Due to this fact it is possible to r ecommend to use them in order to ensure electromagnetic compatibility of radioelectronic equipment and to protect people from exposure to radiation , emitted by such equipment , as well as to hide ground objects from detection in the radar wavelength range .

Heterogeneous radio absorbing composite materials based on powdered charcoals for electronic devices protection from the electromagnetic radiation impact

The results of theoretical and experimental substantiation of the technique developed by the authors for the manufacture of heterogeneous (two- or three-layer) radio absorbing composite materials based on powdered charcoals are presented. The technique is based on layer-by-layer pouring of mixtures of a gypsum binder and powdered charcoal (non-activated birch, activated birch, activated coconut) into molds in the order in which the outer (relative to the electromagnetic radiation propagation front) layer of the composite material is characterized by the lowest wave resistance, and the inner layer is characterized by the highest wave resistance. The specified order is determined by the results of the theoretical substantiation of the developed technique. In the course of its experimental substantiation, regularities for changing the electromagnetic radiation reflection and transmission coefficients values of the manufactured materials depending on the value of the radiation frequency in the range of 0.7–17.0 GHz have been established. Based on the established regularities, it was stated that the minimum value of the electromagnetic radiation reflection coefficient of the two-layer materials manufactured according to the developed and substantiated technique (thickness ~ 5.0 mm) is –12.0 ± 1.0 dB and corresponds to electromagnetic radiation frequencies of 0.8 and 2.6 GHz (it’s provided, when such materials are fixed on metal substrates). The minimum value of the electromagnetic radiation reflection coefficient of the three-layer materials (thickness ~ 10.0 mm) under the specified condition is also –12.0 ± 1.0 dB and corresponds to electromagnetic radiation frequencies of 4.5 and 6.0 GHz. The electromagnetic radiation transmission coefficient values of such materials decrease with an average step of 4.0 dB as the frequency of the radiation increases by 1.0 GHz in the range of 2.0–10.0 GHz and increase with a similar step as the frequency increases by 1.0 GHz in the range of 10.0–17.0 GHz. The minimum value is –30.0 ± 2.0 dB. The materials manufactured according to the developed and substantiated technique seem to be promising for ensuring the protection of electronic devices from the effects of electromagnetic interference (both active and passive types).

Influence of the melt composition on the cathode current density in electrode reactions

Within the framework of the Dogonadze-Kuznetsov-Levich theory, using the model of isotropic spherically symmetric bands with a root dependence on the energy of density of states, an expression for discharge currents at the dielectric/electrolyte interfacial boundary was obtained. An approach to estimate average density of electronic levels from which heterogeneous charge transfer takes place is proposed. An expression for obtaining a numerical value of cathode current density was established. Conditions of surface conductivity occurrence of a dielectric in a saline melt without its prior metallization are formulated. It is substantiated that the type of surface conductivity depends on reorganization energy, energy of reactants and reaction products in electrode field, transmission coefficient and other values which are determined by chemical composition of electrolyte, and can be calculated by analytical or quantum chemical methods. It was established that the adsorption of carbon dioxide on the surface of dielectric leads to a significant polarization of surface towards conduction band. The width of the band gap decreases, but the dielectric character of the cluster does not change, there is no band overlapping, i.e. an electrode does not acquire semiconducting and semimetallic character of conductivity. At the same time, adsorption of ВO2– on electrode surface leads to a strong polarization of the surface cluster towards the valence band, whlist a the band gap width decreases slightly, less than in the case of carbon dioxide.

Microstructural and optical duality of TiO2/Cu/TiO2 trilayer films grown by atomic layer deposition and DC magnetron sputtering

In this research, we report a comparative study of trilayer TiO2(60 nm)/Cu/TiO2(60 nm) thin film as a function of different Cu interlayer thickness (20, 40 and 60 nm), fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and DC magnetron sputtering. The surface morphology, elemental information and optical properties, were tested as a function of Cu interlayer thickness by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) and double beam spectrophotometer (UV–vis) respectively.The growth mechanism and the microstructural conversion were investigated. The absorption spectrum was mesured and used to calculate the energy band gap (Eg). The obtained results show that the increase of the Cu interlayer enhance the activity of photocatalysis by employing distinct modification strategies to decrease the indirect optical band gap energy from 2.85 to 1.86 eV, and conventionally making the photocatalyst efficient to absorb visible light range. The role of the optical energy band gap Eg as well as the average electronegativity (χ) as basic parameters of optical basicity (Å) and refractive index (n) has been emphasized. Values of electronegativity (χ), phase velocity (V) and transmission coefficient (TC) decreased, while the refractive index, optical basicity, electronic polarizability (αe), and reflection loss (RL) increased with increasing Cu interlayer thickness. A good agreement is observed among the selected parameters. The results demonstrate that the ALD and the DC magnetron sputtering are promising techniques for preparing TiO2/Cu/TiO2 thin films, with different thickness of copper (Cu), that can be used in low-cost mid-IR detection and can enhanced the properties of optoelectronic devices.

Simulation and Comparative Study of Resonant Tunneling Diode

This paper studies and investigates the effect of physical and electrical parameters on double, triple and six barrier resonant tunneling diodes (RTD). The materials used for quantum well and barriers are Gallium arsenide (GaAs) and Aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs), respectively. The parameters that were reasoned and studied include conduction band, current density, transmission coefficient and resonance energy. The above parameters were studied by changing bias voltage, temperature, barrier width and doping concentration. From the simulations performed it is observed that for double barrier RTD the peak current density is observed at 0.2 V and the valley current density is observed at 0.3 V, whereas for a triple barrier RTD the peak current density is observed at 0.015 V and the valley current density is observed at 0.06 V. The value of transmission coefficient for double barrier RTD decreases especially after bias applied is more than resonant bias (0.2 V). The effect of increasing bias leads to a decrease in the resonance level in the conduction band. The width of resonance energy decreases with the increase in barrier width. With increase in number of barrier the number of resonance level increases which leads to an increasing peaks in the transmission coefficient curve. The effect of increasing temperature leads to higher current and more resonance energy. With the thickening of barrier width, less transmission of electrons occurs leading to a reduced current density. When the barriers are increased the negative differential region (NDR) is achieved at low voltages.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 This paper studies and investigates the effect of physical and electrical parameters on double, triple and six barrier resonant tunneling diodes (RTD)
 The parameters include conduction band, current density, transmission coefficient, and resonance energy
 The parameters were studied by changing bias voltage, temperature, barrier width, and doping concentration
 It is observed that for double barrier RTD the peak current density is observed at 0.2 V and the valley current density is observed at 0.3 V
 For a triple barrier RTD the peak current density is observed at 0.015 V and the valley current density is observed at 0.06 V
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

The SLI-SC Mathematical Model of African Swine Fever Transmission among Swine Farms: The Effect of Contaminated Human Vector

In this paper, a mathematical model for African swine fever is modified by considering the swine farm with the contaminated human vector that is able to infect and spread the disease among swine farms. In the developed model, we have divided the swine farm density into three related groups, namely the susceptible swine farm compartment, latent swine farm compartment, and infectious swine farm compartment. On the other hand, the human vector population density has been separated into two classes, namely the susceptible human vector compartment and the infectious human vector compartment. After that, we use this model and a quarantine strategy to analyze the spread of the infection. In addition, the basic reproduction number R0 is determined by using the next-generation matrix, which can analyze the stability of the model. Finally, the numerical simulations of the proposed model are illustrated to confirm the results from theorems. The results showed that the transmission coefficient values per unit of time per individual between the human vector and the swine farm resulted in the spread of African swine fever.

A double-layer high-transmission terahertz linear-to-circular polarization converter

A double-layer broadband high-transmission terahertz linear-to-circular polarization metasurface is experimentally demonstrated in frequencies between 0.46 and 0.62 THz. The measured results show a good agreement with the simulations. The values of co-polarization transmission coefficients Txx and Tyy remain above 0.82 in both simulation and experiment, and the simulated and measured axial ratio is 26.2% and 29.6%, respectively. Moreover, the experimental ellipticity remains above 0.98 in the region from 0.5 to 0.62 THz. The average measured polarization conversion ratio is 0.68. The multi-reflection and transmission interference model is used to explain the physical mechanism of polarization conversion. The proposed structure could be used in terahertz transmission and detection because of its stable, high ellipticity and transmittance.

Wave Transmission and Energy Dissipation in a Box Culvert-Type Slotted Breakwater

This research is conducted to examine the transmission wave and energy dissipation of a box culvert-type slotted breakwater, which is designed as a breakwater structure with a watertight wall at the top and a box culvert type hole at the bottom. The process involves physical modeling of this structure in the laboratory. The hole and wave parameters are varied to determine the breakwater performance. The results show that the transmission coefficient (KT) value is reduced as the relative hole height (hL/d) value is decreasing and the relative hole length (B/L) and wave steepness (H/L) values are increasing. The energy dissipation coefficient (KD) value increases with an increment in hL/d, H/L, and B/L but starts to decrease after reaching the maximum, which is the optimum H × B/L2 value. This optimum value is found to be 0.0034(hL/d)2.618 depending on the (hL/d) value, while the maximum KD value is recorded to be 0.70.

Experimental Investigation of the Performance of Porous-Slope Floating Breakwater

Floating breakwater is an alternate solution to traditional breakwaters that can be applied effectively in coastal zones with a moderate wave. In this study, five physical models of the porous-slope floating breakwater have been tested on regular waves in a wave flume. The variations have been applied in wave height, wave period, and mooring angle. The performance of floating breakwater has been evaluated on transmission and reflection coefficient. Under conditions of low wave parameters, the transmission coefficient is higher compared to the high wave parameter. Moreover, the best transmission coefficient value has been found at 60o slope and 5% porosity combination, since the porous-shaped structure has caused large wave dissipation. The slope has caused an increasing value of the average transmission and reflection coefficient at 3.85% and 21.67%, respectively for floating breakwater without porosity. At 5% of porosity, the same improving behavior of transmission and reflection coefficient has been investigated at 2,95% and 27,22% for slope changing as 15° (from 45° to 60°). The result shows that the larger the slope is, the larger the value of the hydrodynamic coefficients is. On the other hand, the porosity has put an effect on transmission and reflection coefficient as well. Floating breakwater with 5% porosity causes an increasing value on the transmission coefficient as 5% and decreases the reflection coefficient value at 8-10% for 45° and 60° slopes respectively.

Analytical Approach of Wave Transmission Coefficient through on Composite Hanging Breakwater

Conventional breakwater like a rubble mount is require large infestation, especially when that structure construct in deep water. Currently, innovations are needed to solve financial problems in building breakwaters. Composite hanging breakwater is proposed as a new solution in marine structure. Composite hanging breakwater made by both of stone and concrete or steel material consist of two-part are structural part and filler. Structural parts are piles, beams, and brackets made of concrete or steel. Filler material using of stone or other material. This structure has the advantage are cheaper than conventional breakwater, precast material, and the diameter of stone filler is relatively small. Until now, the performance of composite hanging breakwater is unknown. Commonly, the key performance indicator of breakwaters is wave transmission and represent by the waves transmission coefficient. Therefore, in this study, an analytical equation of wave transmission coefficient was developed using the conservation of energy concept. Based on this equation shows that the wave transmission coefficient is influenced by both structure and wave parameter. After the equation has been obtained, then it is compared with previous research. Research that has been used as a comparison includes research by Weigel (1960), Abul-Azm (1993), Liu and Abbaspour (1982), Abu-Azm (1993), Heikal (1997), Koraim (2005), Rage and Koraim (2010), and Koraim (2014). Wave parameter represents by waves steepness implicitly, and structure parameter is represented by the permeability of structure, relative length, and relative depth. The greater the value both of relative depth and length, the smaller value of wave transmission coefficient. The greater the value of structure permeability, the smaller the value of wave transmission coefficient. When the D/h is zero, the wave transmission coefficient is equal to one and when the D/h is equal to one, the transmission coefficient is close to or equal to zero. When the D/h value is less than 0.5, the Kt value in this present study is lower than the Kt value in previous studies for the same D/h value, and when the D/h value is greater or equal to 0.5 then the Kt value is close or the same with the previous study.