Transmission Ability Research Articles

Levofloxacin degradation in electro-Fenton system with FeMn@GF composite electrode

In this work, a one-step solvent-thermal approach was used to synthesize an Mn-doped Fe3O4 modified graphite felt (GF) composite electrode material (FeMn@GF), which was then used as the cathode in an Electro-Fenton (EF) system. The levofloxacin (LEV) in wastewater can be successfully removed by the EF system, which can produce and activate H2O2 in situ. The successful fabrication of the FeMn@GF composite electrode was confirmed by employing the characterization techniques of Scanning Electron Microscope, X-ray Diffraction, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Additionally, the electrochemical performance test was conducted. The FeMn@GF composite electrode demonstrated a greater electrochemical activity and a more robust electronic transmission ability. The LEV degradation experiment demonstrated reached 98.9 % that under ambient temperature conditions, within 120 minutes, given initial LEV concentration of 20 mg·L −1, Na2SO4 concentration of 50 mM, applied voltage of 3.0 V, initial pH value of 3, and aeration rate of 3.0 L·min −1.The highest leaching quantities of Fe and Mn were 1.294 mg·L−1 and 0.675 mg·L−1, respectively, while the removal effectiveness of LEV remained at 85.2 % after five cycles. Experiments using radical quenching revealed that the main active species were ·OH. The reaction mechanism of the EF system with FeMn@GF as the cathode (FeMn@GF-EF) and the degradation pathway of LEV were investigated.

Research on the Scrambling and De-scrambling Technique of Pseudorandom Sequences Based on Linear Feedback Shift Register

With the rapid development of communication technology, the security and reliability of signal transmission and antiinterference ability have become a key challenge. Aiming at the problems, this paper deeply studies the scrambling and de-scrambling technique of pseudo-random sequences, and designed the corresponding circuit to better understand the working mode of each step. In this study, the design and implementation of the scrambling and de-scrambling technique of pseudo-random sequences circuit is carried out through Verilog language, and the advantages and disadvantages of the designed circuit are analyzed in detail and the improvement scheme is obtained. In addition, this study also compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the scrambling and de-scrambling technique of pseudorandom sequences and the scrambling and de-scrambling technique of self-synchronizing, which provides a reliable basis for selecting appropriate technical solutions in practical application scenarios. This study provides theoretical support and reference for the design of communication systems, and looks forward to the future development direction of the scrambling technology, including the development of more efficient algorithms, the exploration of adaptive techniques, and the development of low-power solutions.

Transformer-Integrated Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network for Dose Prediction in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy is recognized as the major treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Rapid and accurate dose prediction can improve the efficiency of the treatment planning process and the quality of radiotherapy plans. Currently, deep learning-based methods have been widely applied to dose prediction for radiotherapy treatment planning. However, it is important to note that existing models based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) often overlook long-distance information. Although some studies try to use Transformer to solve the problem, it lacks the ability of CNN to process the spatial information inherent in images. Therefore, we propose a novel CNN and Transformer hybrid dose prediction model. To enhance the transmission ability of features between CNN and Transformer, we design a hierarchical dense recurrent encoder with a channel attention mechanism. Additionally, we propose a progressive decoder that preserves richer texture information through layer-wise reconstruction of high-dimensional feature maps. The proposed model also introduces object-driven skip connections, which facilitate the flow of information between the encoder and decoder. Experiments are conducted on in-house datasets, and the results show that the proposed model is superior to baseline methods in most dosimetric criteria. In addition, the image analysis metrics including PSNR, SSIM, and NRMSE demonstrate that the proposed model is consistent with ground truth and produces promising visual effects compared to other advanced methods. The proposed method could be taken as a powerful clinical guidance tool for physicists, significantly enhancing the efficiency of radiotherapy planning. The source code is available at https://github.com/CDUTJ102/THCN-Net .

Weakly confined slotted cartridge blasting in jointed rock mass

Directional fracture blasting can improve the smooth blasting effect of layered jointed rock masses. However, few studies have comprehensively considered the interaction between joints and slit blasting, and there is a lack of quantitative research and analysis on slit blasting. Therefore, this study combined slit blasting, pouring model test blocks for explosion testing, and numerical simulations for auxiliary research. Finally, practical engineering applications were conducted. The results showed that the weakly constrained PVC material has a high instantaneous strength under impact and can achieve a good energy accumulation guidance effect. The joint angle has a significant impact on the isolation effect of explosion stress and crack propagation. The isolation effect of the explosion stress gradually weakened with an increase in joint angle. The smaller the angle, the more vulnerable the crack propagation direction is to the “traction” of the joint and tends to the trend of the joint, and the more serious the phenomenon of crack turning, deviation and bifurcation. The results show that the explosion energy propagates preferentially from the cutting seam direction, and the stress in the cutting seam direction reaches the peak value first. The energy in the cutting seam direction has a strong transmission ability and a directional fracture effect on the joints, and the application of weakly restrained slotted pipes in layered rock tunnel blasting construction has a good effect.

Influence of solar thermal radiations and convective boundary on Al2O3/H2O transient model efficiency

Riga plate is a new, sophisticated magnetic field device that may be created by adjusting a group of permanent magnets and a different electrode over a plane surface. The heat transport and fluid movement in such physical setup are of paramount interest and have numerous engineering and industrial application particularly in submarines technologies. Due to the fixed magnetics the field produced which imperatively affect the model dynamics. Keeping in mind the influential applications of such physical setup, the purpose of this study is to introduce a new model based scrutinization of heat transport of stagnation point flow of Al2O3/water along vertically oriented convectively heated Riga surface. The conventional stagnation point flow model extended for nanofluid via radiative heat flux, dissipation effects and the first order thermal slip. The values of thermal conductivity values estimated via Corcione model and achieved the final nanoliquid model. For the results interpretation, the numerical scheme used and portrayed the results using different parametric ranges. The fluid motion is observed very slow due to stronger mixed convection and higher concentration of Al2O3 nanoparticles. The temperature is determined very high against the stronger convection effects and radiation number. However, the fluid layers in the vicinity of Riga surface have high heat transmission ability. Further, thermal slip and viscous dissipation effects also boost the temperature of Al2O3/water. Further, buoyancy number δ resists the fluid movement and thermal boundary region reduces in the presence of buoyancy factor.

Mathematical modelling and transmission dynamic of SEIRVQD model for epidemic diseases

In this paper, we construct and formulate a new mathematical model for the spread of epidemic diseases with vaccination. The proposed model is composed of eight compartments, namely susceptible (S), exposed (E), infected (I), recovered (R), vaccinated (V ), quarantined (Q) and died (D). We prove the existence of a unique solution. Additionally, the region of the feasibility of the system and equilibrium points are presented. In order to indicate the level of viral invasion and demonstrate the ability of infection transmission, we calculate the basic reproduction number ( R 0 ) by the next generation matrix method. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the basic reproduction number ( R 0 ) concerning the fluctuations of the biological parameters of the presented model has been investigated. Finally, Numerical simulations are performed using MATLAB to illustrate and validate the efficiency of the proposed model and its accordance using real data for Chinese measles and Portugal's COVID-19 outbreaks.

Pharmacological inhibition of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor restores abnormal brain mitochondrial CB1 receptor expression and rescues bioenergetic and cognitive defects in a female mouse model of Rett syndrome

BackgroundDefective mitochondria and aberrant brain mitochondrial bioenergetics are consistent features in syndromic intellectual disability disorders, such as Rett syndrome (RTT), a rare neurologic disorder that severely affects mainly females carrying mutations in the X-linked MECP2 gene. A pool of CB1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1R), the primary receptor subtype of the endocannabinoid system in the brain, is located on brain mitochondrial membranes (mtCB1R), where it can locally regulate energy production, synaptic transmission and memory abilities through the inhibition of the intra-mitochondrial protein kinase A (mtPKA). In the present study, we asked whether an overactive mtCB1R-mtPKA signaling might underlie the brain mitochondrial alterations in RTT and whether its modulation by systemic administration of the CB1R inverse agonist rimonabant might improve bioenergetics and cognitive defects in mice modeling RTT.MethodsRimonabant (0.3 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal injections) was administered daily to symptomatic female mice carrying a truncating mutation of the Mecp2 gene and its effects on brain mitochondria functionality, systemic oxidative status, and memory function were assessed.ResultsmtCB1R is overexpressed in the RTT mouse brain. Subchronic treatment with rimonabant normalizes mtCB1R expression in RTT mouse brains, boosts mtPKA signaling, and restores the defective brain mitochondrial bioenergetics, abnormal peripheral redox homeostasis, and impaired cognitive abilities in RTT mice.LimitationsThe lack of selectivity of the rimonabant treatment towards mtCB1R does not allow us to exclude that the beneficial effects exerted by the treatment in the RTT mouse model may be ascribed more broadly to the modulation of CB1R activity and distribution among intracellular compartments, rather than to a selective effect on mtCB1R-mediated signaling. The low sample size of few experiments is a further limitation that has been addressed replicating the main findings under different experimental conditions.ConclusionsThe present data identify mtCB1R overexpression as a novel molecular alteration in the RTT mouse brain that may underlie defective brain mitochondrial bioenergetics and cognitive dysfunction.

Establishment of a Real-Time Fluorescence Isothermal Recombinase-Aided Amplification Method for the Detection of H9 Avian Influenza Virus.

The H9 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) has been characterized by its rapid spread, wide range of prevalence, and continuous evolution in recent years, leading to an increasing ability for cross-species transmission. This not only severely impacts the economic benefits of the aquaculture industry, but also poses a significant threat to human health. Therefore, developing a rapid and sensitive detection method is crucial for the timely diagnosis and prevention of H9 AIVs. In this study, a real-time fluorescent reverse transcription recombinase-aided isothermal amplification (RT-RAA) technique targeting the hemagglutinin (HA) of H9 AIVs was established. This technique can be used for detection in just 30 min at a constant temperature of 42 °C, and it exhibits good specificity without cross-reactivity with other viruses. Sensitivity tests revealed that the detection limit of RT-RAA was 163 copies per reaction, and the visual detection limit was 1759 copies per reaction at a 95% confidence interval, both of which are capable of detecting low concentrations of standards. Furthermore, RT-RAA was applied to detect 155 clinical samples, and compared to real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), RT-RAA demonstrated high accuracy, with a specificity of 100% and a kappa value of 0.96, indicating good correlation. Additionally, with the assistance of a portable blue imaging device, we can visually observe the amplification products, greatly facilitating rapid detection in resource-limited environments. The RT-RAA detection method developed in this study does not require expensive equipment or highly skilled staff, making it beneficial for the accurate and low-cost detection of H9 AIVs.

Study on the wettability of microsphere-containing emulsion on different wood surfaces

ABSTRACT Applying microsphere-containing emulsion onto wood surfaces can enable microspheres to self-assemble into photonic crystal structures, generating structural colors that serve to decorate the wood surfaces. Wettability of the wood surface to emulsions significantly influences the construction of structural color layers. The wettability is further modulated by the inherent species-specific characteristics of the wood. To elucidate the differences in wettability of emulsions on wood surfaces, this study selected seven wood types, analyzed the changes in the contact angles of emulsions on their surfaces in different directions. It was found that the initial contact angle in parallel-fiber direction of wood was generally smaller than that in perpendicular-fiber direction, indicated that the parallel-fiber direction was more easily wetted by the emulsion. After the emulsion was dripped onto the wood surface and an initial contact angle was formed, it would rapidly spread and gradually penetrate into the wood. The properties of the main transport cells directly affected the change in contact angle. The emulsion transmission ability of hardwood was better than that of softwood, but this was not an advantage for assembling structural color layers. It was found that the change pattern conformed to the characteristics of an exponential function through non-linear fitting analysis.

Uninheritable but Widespread Bacterial Symbiont Enterococcus casseliflavus Mediates Detoxification of the Insecticide Chlorantraniliprole in the Agricultural Invasive Pest Spodoptera frugiperda.

Host-symbiont interaction plays a crucial role in determining the host's fitness under toxic stress, as observed in numerous insect species. However, the mechanism of the symbionts involved in the detoxification of insecticides remains poorly known. In this study, through microbiome, proteomic, and genomic analysis, we identified a prevalent symbiont, Enterococcus casseliflavus EMBL-3, in a major invasive insect pest,Spodoptera frugiperda. This symbiont enhances the host's insecticide resistance to chlorantraniliprole by breaking amide bonds and dehalogenating insecticides. Complying with the increase in exposure risk of chlorantraniliprole, the E. casseliflavus isolates of insects' symbionts but not those from mammals or environmental strains showed a significant enrichment of potential chlorantraniliprole degradation genes. EMBL-3 is popular in field population insects with efficient horizontal transmission ability through cross-diet and cannibalism. This study provides a new therapeutic target for agricultural pests based on symbiont-targeted insect control for global crop protection.

Enhanced throughput message streaming methods for DAQ systems of physics experiments

In nuclear and particle experiments, to achieve a real-time software-based data acquisition (DAQ) system, a message streaming platform is adopted as a solution for real-time data streaming transmission, facilitating a decoupled and scalable architecture. As increasing data rate in recent experiments demands higher and higher throughput, existing message streaming platforms lack of high single-node throughput, guarantees of reliability, and sequentiality for high-throughput transmission applications. This paper introduces enhanced throughput message streaming methods for DAQ systems, named DAQMQ. DAQMQ utilizes in-memory storage to store messages during transmission, offering high throughput performance and configurable message retention capability. Reliability in high-throughput transmission is strictly guaranteed by employing a two-phased acknowledgment mechanism. By fast reorganizing message streams in real-time, DAQMQ achieves high-throughput non-blocking sequential transmission. Evaluations conducted on ordinary PCs with 10-Gigabit network connections show that DAQMQ achieves a stable single-node throughput of 9.0 Gbit/s even when handling up to 1024 topics. Furthermore, DAQMQ achieves sequential transmission throughput close to that of non-sequential transmission. Tests with a broker or consumer breakdown during high-throughput transmission demonstrate DAQMQ's reliability and asynchronous transmission ability.

Detecting malicious encrypted traffic with privacy set intersection in cloud-assisted industrial internet

Encryption technology provides the ability of confidential transmission to ensure the security of Industrial Internet communication, but it makes detecting malicious encrypted traffic very difficult. To resolve the conflict between the difficulty of malicious encrypted traffic detection and the requirements of traffic privacy protection, we propose a cloud-assisted Industrial Internet malicious encrypted traffic detection scheme with privacy protection. To accurately match the encrypted traffic and the detection rules, a privacy set intersection protocol based on the oblivious pseudorandom function and random garbled Bloom filter is constructed, which can detect malicious traffic without revealing data content. Meanwhile, our scheme can allow semi-trusted cloud servers to assist resource-constrained end devices to participate in private calculations. The key-homomorphic encryption is introduced to obfuscate the detection rules, making the detection rules always transparent to end users and semi-trusted cloud servers. We also design the random input verification to make the malicious end users do not have any opportunity to participate in the privacy set intersection calculation using arbitrary data. The scheme analysis and performance evaluation results show that our scheme can effectively guarantee the security of encrypted traffic detection with better detection performance and limited resource consumption.

Majorana-Free Bound State in the Continuum in the Double-Channel Fano–Anderson Structure

Abstract We investigate the electron transport through a double-channel Fano–Anderson structure, by considering the side-coupling of Majorana bound states (MBSs). It is found that the bound state in the continuum (BIC) phenomenon can be induced when interchannel dot–lead couplings are identical to the intrachannel dot–lead couplings, whose signature is manifested as a halved quantum transmission ability. If the balance between the dot–lead couplings is broken, the BIC phenomenon will also be destroyed, leading to further suppression of the transmission ability. Next, when MBSs are introduced to this system, the BIC phenomenon can be modified efficiently. For the case of two MBSs side-coupled to the quantum dots in a symmetric way, level degeneracy causes a new BIC phenomenon. As only one MBS is incorporated, it suppresses the electron transmission by inducing new transmission dips. When the interdot Coulomb interaction is considered, the BIC phenomena are still robust despite the complicated changes of the transmission ability spectra. One can then understand the realization of BICs in coupled quantum dots and their variation due to the presence of side-coupled MBSs.

Comparative study of PGCs cultivation systems HiS and FAcs: a transcriptomic and cellular biology perspective

In chicken, primordial germ cells (PGC) are crucial for the preservation and manipulation of genetic resources in poultry production. The HiS and FAcs culture systems are two important methods for the in vitro cultivation of chicken PGCs. The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the two cultivation systems for PGCs (His and FAcs culture systems) to assess their efficacy and applicability in supporting PGC growth, maintaining PGC characteristics, and lineage transmission ability. The study found that both HiS and FAcs culture systems could maintain the basic biological characteristics of chicken PGCs, including the simultaneous expression of pluripotency and reproductive marker genes, as well as the presence of abundant glycogen granules. Subsequently, we identified 2,145 differentially expressed genes (DEG) through RNA sequencing. GO and KEGG analysis revealed a large number of DEGs enriched in the cell adhesion and calcium ion binding pathways, and the analysis found that these genes maintained a higher level in HiS-PGCs. Further personalized analysis found that the regulatory genes for maintaining PGC pluripotency were highly expressed in HiS-PGCs, while germ cell-related genes showed similar expression in both systems. Additionally, through RNA sequencing data and cell proliferation ability, it was found that PGCs in the FAcs system had a higher proliferation rate and a faster cell cycle. Finally, it was discovered that the expression of cell migration-related genes was maintained at a higher level in HiS-PGCs, but the migration efficiency of HiS-PGCs did not show a significant difference compared to FAcs-PGCs. These results suggest that both HiS and FAcs culture systems can maintain the proliferation and basic characteristics of chicken PGCs, but differences exist in cell proliferation, pluripotency regulation, and cell adhesion. These findings provide new information for optimizing PGC cultivation systems and are important for the preservation and genetic improvement of chicken PGCs.

RESEARCH ON APPLICATION OF FINITE ELEMENT METHOD TO ANALYZE LOAD TRANSFER EFFICIENCY ACCORDING TO DEFLECTION OF AIRPORT RIGID PAVEMENT

The load transfer between adjacent cement concrete slabs at expansion joint locations is affected by many different factors. The load-bearing capacity of the pavement will be limited and even lead to destruction if the load transmission ability of the dowel bars does not meet the requirements. Especially, for airports that have just been put into operation or have been in operation for a long time. In this article, the authors have researched and evaluated the effectiveness of load transfer according to deflection through the application of the 3D finite element method. The model utilizes material parameters and actual airport hard pavement structures and calculates for many types of aircraft commonly operating in Vietnam. Thereby calculating and evaluating the load transfer efficiency (LTE) according to deflection for each specific type of aircraft. The model also visually shows the deformation of the transmission dowel bars and concrete slabs at the expansion joint location. The authors tested the model's reliability through experiments conducted at Tan Son Nhat International Airport which is the largest-scale and oldest airport in Vietnam. The results of calculating LTE from the simulation and experimental models have a small error (3.39%) which shows that the model is highly reliable and can be used for similar research directions without being easily done through traditional methods.

Emergence of mcr-4.3 genes in a novel Shewanella specie isolated from the Arctic environment

Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes are pivotal contributors to last-line of antimicrobial resistance in human infections. Shewanella, historically recognized as a natural environmental bacterium with metal reduction capabilities, recently has been observed in clinical settings. However, limited knowledge has been explored on genetic differences between strains from non-clinical and clinical strains. In this study, we conducted the whole genome sequencing on six Arctic strains, illustrated the phylogenetic relationships on published 393 Shewanella strains that categorized the genus into four lineages (L1 to L4). Over 86.4% of clinical strain group (CG) strains belonged to L1 and L4, carrying mcr-4 genes and a complete metal-reduction pathways gene cluster. Remarkably, a novel Arctic Shewanella strain in L3, exhibits similar genetic characteristics with CG strains that carried both mcr-4 genes and a complete metal reduction pathway gene cluster. It raised concerns about the transmission ability from environment to clinic setting causing in the potential infections, and emphasized the need for monitoring the emerging strains with human infections.

The thermal transport, mechanical, and optical properties of T-Cu6S2: The influence of Cu6 clusters

Cluster substitution can effectively regulate the physicochemical properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials and has been applied in fields such as catalysis and magnetism. However, the intrinsic mechanism of its regulation of thermal transport properties and the impact of clusters on optical and mechanical properties are not yet clear. In this work, 2D T-Cu6S2 is obtained by replacing the transition metal element M of 2D T-MS2 with the Cu6 clusters. Then, based on the first-principles method, we systematically studied the thermal transport, mechanical, and optical properties of T-Cu6S2. The results show that introducing Cu6 clusters reduces the phonon vibration frequency, and enhances phonon scattering, that is, the coupling effect of harmonic weakening and anharmonic enhancement. This makes the lattice thermal conductivity of T-Cu6S2 at the four-photon level reduced to 0.18 W/mK (at 300 K), which is much lower than that of traditional 2D T-MS2. In addition, we found that the introduction of clusters changes the crystal and electronic structures of T-Cu6S2, enhances the flexibility and ductility of T-Cu6S2, and increases its transmission ability for visible light and ultraviolet light. This study provides insights into the regulation of multiple properties of 2D materials, which benefits the development of 2D functional materials.

The spiking neural network based on fMRI for speech recognition

The structure of the human brain has evolved to achieve extraordinary computing power through continuous refinement by natural selection. At present, the topology of brain-like model lacks biological plausibility. In this paper, a new brain-like model is proposed, called fMRI-SNN, which is a spiking neural network (SNN) constrained by the topology of a functional brain network from human functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data. To verify its performance, this fMRI-SNN is applied to speech recognition. Our results indicate that the recognition accuracy of fMRI-SNN is superior to that of other SNNs and reported methods, and exhibits stronger performance on more difficult speech recognition tasks. Our discussion on recognition mechanism finds the advantage of fMRI-SNN is that the differences in its neuronal firing patterns are greater than those of other SNNs, since it has better information transmission ability.

Recursive state estimation for two-dimensional systems over decode-and-forward relay channels: A local minimum-variance approach

The paper is concerned with the recursive state estimation problem for a class of two-dimensional systems over decode-and-forward relay channels subject to packet dropouts. Taking into account the sensor's limited transmission ability, a decode-and-forward relay is deployed between the sensor and the remote estimator to enlarge the propagation distance and improve the communication quality. The packet dropout phenomenon is described by two sequences of mutually uncorrelated random variables that obey Bernoulli distributions. The main objective of this paper is to design a recursive state estimator for the underlying system with guaranteed estimation performance. An upper bound on the estimation error variance is firstly derived by resorting to some coupled difference equations, and then such an upper bound is locally optimized at each iteration through proper design of the estimator gain. Furthermore, the impacts of the packet dropouts and the decode-and-forward relay on the estimation performance are evaluated with rigorously theoretical analysis. Finally, an illustrative example is presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed estimation scheme.

Dynamic analysis and optimal control of knowledge diffusion model in regional innovation ecosystem under digitalization

Knowledge diffusion in regional innovation ecosystems is an important factor that influences the regional innovation efficiency. In regional innovation ecosystems under digital empowerment, the knowledge diffusion enables the optimal allocation of innovation resources and promotes the sustainable development and ecological evolution of regional innovation ecosystems. In this paper, a SEIR (Susceptible–Exposed–Infected–Recovered) model is proposed for knowledge diffusion in regional innovation ecosystems under digitization. The basic reproduction number of the proposed model is calculated and its stability is validated. Finally, the expressions for the optimal control system and the optimal control parameters are presented. According to the research conclusions of this paper, the knowledge-diffusion ability of innovation agents in an innovation ecosystem affects the knowledge diffusion in a system; the contact rate between innovation agents affects the efficiency of knowledge diffusion in the system and the structure of the system; the digital transmission ability of innovation agents affects the breadth of knowledge diffusion in the system; and the self-learning ability of innovation agents affects the efficiency of knowledge diffusion in the system.The digital technologies help heterogeneous innovation agents in regional innovation ecosystems to break down the knowledge silos. At the same time, the digital technologies enhance the ability of innovation agents to absorb and learn knowledge in regional innovation ecosystems under digitization, thereby increasing the infection rate of knowledge diffusion in such systems.These conclusions extend the theoretical boundaries of innovation ecosystems and knowledge diffusion and offer management implications for enterprises and governments in decision-making.