Translational Research Articles

Rematerialization

In this essay, I examine memory optimization as both a fundamental component of digital operations and a feminist form of cultural resistance to digital colonialism through a multimedia installation by the Latinx artist collective Cog•nate Collective. Through close reading, I demonstrate how their 2021 installation And will be again…transforms the work of memory optimization through an ecofeminist countermapping of the US-Mexico border and its histories of data extraction through dispossession. I analyze the various components of the multimedia installation, including the collaborative process of Indigenous language translations of an eponymous passage by Gloria Anzaldúa. I frame my analysis through a sociotechnical reclamation of the computer science term rematerialization. In doing so, I reorient the term rematerialization to showcase how Latinx artists recompute historical data of the US-Mexico borderlands to produce anticolonial collective memories as spiritual technologies of resistance.

Spanish and Chinese Translations of Article Abstracts

Spanish and Chinese Translations of Article Abstracts

The global phosphorylation landscape of mouse oocytes during meiotic maturation.

Phosphorylation is a key post-translational modification regulating protein function and biological outcomes. However, the phosphorylation dynamics orchestrating mammalian oocyte development remains poorly understood. In the present study, we apply high-resolution mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics to obtain the first global in vivo quantification of mouse oocyte phosphorylation. Of more than 8000 phosphosites, 75% significantly oscillate and 64% exhibit marked upregulation during meiotic maturation, indicative of the dominant regulatory role. Moreover, we identify numerous novel phosphosites on oocyte proteins and a few highly conserved phosphosites in oocytes from different species. Through functional perturbations, we demonstrate that phosphorylation status of specific sites participates in modulating critical events including metabolism, translation, and RNA processing during meiosis. Finally, we combine inhibitor screening and enzyme-substrate network prediction to discover previously unexplored kinases and phosphatases that are essential for oocyte maturation. In sum, our data define landscape of the oocyte phosphoproteome, enabling in-depth mechanistic insights into developmental control of germ cells.

Hindi Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS-M): A Cross-Sectional Study from the Metabolic Surgery Clinic in North India.

The lack of culturally-sensitive tool masks the epidemiology of weight-bias and internalized-stigma. This study aimed to translate, adapt, and validate the Modified Weight-Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS-M) into Hindi. The translation and adaptation process followed the World Health Organization guidelines. Three psychiatrists translated the original WBIS-M into Hindi. The bilingual panel comprised four psychiatrists, two laparoscopic bariatric surgeons, a professor of English, and an individual with severe obesity (with an International English Language Testing System (IELTS) score of Band 8.5) who was familiar with Western culture. The panel identified and resolved inadequate expressions of translations or discrepancies. An independent translator, whose mother tongue was English, back-translated it into the English language. Focused group discussions with individuals with severe obesity were conducted. The final H-WBIS-M was administered to undergraduates (n = 120) after seven days. Test-retest reliability was assessed. The original WBIS-M, Eating Disorder Diagnostic Screen, and Fat Phobia Scale-Short Form were administered to 120 undergraduates and 55 individuals with severe obesity (n = 175)]. Reliability and validity of H-WBIS-M were analyzed. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was 0.788, and Bartlett's test of sphericity was χ2 = 1381.892, p = 0.000. The exploratory factor analysis extracted three components. Spearman-Brown coefficient for H-WBIS-M was 0.875. The internal consistency was α = 0.875 (p = 0.000), intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.857 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.812-0.893) (p = 0.000), and Pearson correlation ranged from 0.869 to 0.989 (p = 0.000). Cross-language concordance revealed a significant intraclass correlation coefficient (0.877-0.986) (p = 0.000) and Pearson correlation ranging from 0.781 to 0.972 (p = 0.000). The H-WBIS-M demonstrated good psychometric properties based on standard testing procedures.

Cross-cultural adaptation and test-retest reliability assessment of a Swedish version of the exercise adherence rating scale in patients after shoulder surgery

Background Adherence to prescribed home exercise is an important predictor for the long-term effectiveness of exercise therapy and therefore important to evaluate. The Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS) is a valid and reliable tool to assess exercise adherence behavior, but it is not translated into Swedish. This study aimed to translate EARS into Swedish and to explore the psychometric properties in terms of test-retest reliability, internal consistency as well and possible floor-/ceiling effects. Materials and Methods A translation and cultural adaptation process followed international guidelines and resulted in EARS-Sv. A total of 30 patients who had undergone shoulder surgery were included in the study and filled out EARS-Sv at two different time points. The test-retest reliability was evaluated through the weighted kappa coefficient and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess internal consistency. Floor-/ceiling effects were calculated. Results The test–retest reliability of the questionnaire was good with ICC (0.79, CI 95%) and moderate with weighted kappa-coefficient (MD= 0.58). Cronbach’s alpha was considered good (0.88). A ceiling effect was registered in all 6 items of EARS-Sv. Conclusion EARS-Sv has moderate to good test-retest reliability and good internal consistency in patients who have undergone shoulder surgery.

Translation and Validation of Dizziness Handicap Inventory in Hindi Language.

The dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) is a widely used questionnaire for assessing the impact of dizziness on daily life. There is a need for validated translations of the DHI to accommodate diverse linguistic populations, enabling clinical and research comparisons. This study aimed to translate and validate the DHI into Hindi language. The DHI was translated into Hindi following established guidelines. The translated version underwent validation among Hindi-speaking patients presenting with dizziness at an outpatient ENT clinic in this cross-sectional study. Reliability and validity analyses were conducted, including Cronbach's alpha, split-half reliability, and factor analysis. A total of 153 participants completed the DHI-Hindi, with a mean score of 37.28 (SD = 15.63). Ceiling and floor effects were absent. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the overall scale was 0.785, indicating good reliability. Factor analysis revealed a three-factor solution, consistent with previous studies, indicating good construct validity.The translation and validation process yielded a reliable and valid version of the DHI in Hindi language, suitable for assessing the impact of dizziness in Hindi-speaking population.

Evaluating national infection prevention and control minimum requirements: evidence from global cross-sectional surveys, 2017–22

WHO infection prevention and control (IPC) minimum requirements provide standards to reduce the risk of infection during health-care delivery. We aimed to investigate the global implementation of these requirements at national levels and the progress of doing so across 2021-22 compared with 2017-18 to identify future directions for interventions. National IPC focal points were invited to complete an online survey measuring IPC minimum requirements from July 19, 2021, to Jan 31, 2022. The primary outcome was the proportion of countries meeting IPC minimum requirements. Country characteristics associated with this outcome were assessed with beta regression. Subset analyses were conducted to compare the 2021-22 indicators with a WHO IPC survey conducted in 2017-18 and to assess the correlation of the proportion of IPC minimum requirements met with the results of other WHO metrics. 106 countries (ie, 13 low income, 27 lower-middle income, 33 upper-middle income, and 33 high income) participated in the survey (56% response rate). Four (4%) of 106 met all IPC minimum requirements. The highest scoring IPC core component was multimodal improvement strategies and the lowest was IPC education and training. The odds of meeting IPC minimum requirements was higher among high-income countries compared with low-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 2·7, 95% CI 1·3-5·8; p=0·020). Compared with the 2017-18 survey, there was a significant increase in the proportion of countries reporting an active national IPC programme (65% to 82%, p=0·037) and a dedicated budget (26% to 44%, p=0·037). Evaluation of the IPC minimum requirements compared with other survey instruments revealed a low positive correlation. To build resilient health systems capable of withstanding future health threats, urgently scaling up adherence to WHO IPC minimum requirements is essential. WHO. For the French and Spanish translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Validation of the Spanish Translation for "Standardized Clinical Assessment and Management Plan" (SCAMP) for the Evaluation of Patients with AKI

Validation of the Spanish Translation for "Standardized Clinical Assessment and Management Plan" (SCAMP) for the Evaluation of Patients with AKI

Determining the medical Spanish translation capabilities of three artificial intelligence translation models for Mohs micrographic surgical instructions

Determining the medical Spanish translation capabilities of three artificial intelligence translation models for Mohs micrographic surgical instructions

Translation of English Instructive Images of COVID-19 in Social Media into Arabic: A Semiotic Study

This study investigates the intersemiotic translation process of specific images used to instruct people concerning COVID-19 disease that are posted on different social media. It also attempts to identify translation strategies employed by translators to convey the meaning from one non-verbal form into an Arabic verbal form. This study depends on a multimodal perspective that combines comprehending the connotative meaning of the image and analyzing it into a different verbal expressive form. It is hypothesized that translators are aware of the translation strategy through which the expression of an image is communicated successfully into Arabic verbal expressions. Translators employ Stetting's strategies that are restricted to media translation and journalistic translation, which is used for transferring the meaning of different forms of media. Five translators participated in this study to translate eight images into Arabic. This study concludes that a sign's detonative and connotative meanings are rendered, whether positively or negatively, to transfer the meaning, whether directly or indirectly.

Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Arab Version of the Adolescent Food Parenting Questionnaire (AFPQ) in Kut City, Iraq.

Background Food parenting behaviors have been increasingly critical to adolescent nutritional health. These behaviors play a decisive role in shaping food intake and weight status in adolescents through autonomy support, coercive control, modeling habits, healthy structure, and determining snacking patterns. To our knowledge, there is no available food parenting questionnaire in the Arabic version; therefore, a reliable and validated Arabic version of the questionnaire to assess food parenting behavior among Iraqi adolescents is required. The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Adolescent Food Parenting Questionnaire (AFPQ) into Arabic (AFPQ-A) for adolescents aged 16 to 18 in Kut City, Iraq. Methodology The original version of AFPQ was translated according to a 10-step protocol after being authorized by the developer. The modified kappa statistic (κm), the sum content validity index/universal agreement (S-CVI/UA) method, the scale-level content validity index average (S-CVI/Ave), and the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) were used by four independent experts to assess the content validity of the AFPQ for adolescents and parenting. Face validity was assessed among the adolescents (n = 30) and their respective parents. Results The translation process into the Arabic version produced minor modifications to the original questionnaire. The S-CVI/Ave score for the parent version was 0.95, while the I-CVI/UA score was 0.81 for the adolescent version. The κm values of 1.00 were found in the majority of the items. These scores indicated that the AFPQ items possessed good content validity. Both the parent and adolescent versions demonstrated excellent face validity, with the sum of face validity index/average (S-FVI) scores of 0.95 and 0.94, respectively. Conclusion The AFPQ-A has been demonstrated to be a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of food parenting behaviors in Iraqi adolescents.

Bioinformatics analysis of the antigenic epitopes of L7/L12 protein in the B- and T-cells active against Brucella melitensis.

The objective is to analyse the physicochemical properties, spatial structure and protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of L7/L12 protein using bioinformatics methods and predict their B- and T-cell epitopes to lay a theoretical foundation for developing a novel multiepitope vaccine (MEV). The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database was searched for the amino acid sequences of L7/L12 from Brucella melitensis. In addition, the online softwares, ProtParam and ProtScale, were used to predict the physicochemical properties: NetPhos3.1 and CD-search to predict the phosphorylation sites and conserved domains; SOMPA and SWISS-MODEL to predict the secondary and tertiary structures; the STRING database to analyse the PPIs; and the IEDB, ABCpred, SVMTrip and SYFPEITHI databases to predict the B- and T-cell epitopes. L7/L12 was docked to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), B-cell receptor (BCR), Major histocompatibility complex I-T cell receptor (MHC I-TCR) and MHC II-TCR complexes, respectively, and the binding ability of L7/L12 to the targeted receptors was tested. L7/L12, consisting of 124 amino acids, was determined to be a stable, intracellular, hydrophilic protein containing 6 phosphorylation sites and ribosomal protein-related conserved domains. α-helices accounted for 70.16 %, β-turns for 2.42 %, extended strands for 8.87 % and irregular coils for 18.55 % of the secondary structure. The PPIs indicated that L7/L12 was involved in the constitution of ribosomes and regulating the accuracy of the translation process. Three B-cells, two cytotoxic T lymphocytes and three helper T lymphocyte epitopes were finally screened by comparing multiple databases. L7/L12 binds to TLR4, BCR, MHC I-TCR and MHC II-TCR complexes and forms stable hydrogen bonds, respectively. L7/L12, which governs the translation curate of proteins, possesses several potentially advantageous epitopes, laying a theoretical foundation for designing MEVs.

Translation and Validation of a Culturally Adapted Arabic Version of the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEVQ).

The prevalence of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is on the rise among Arabic adolescents, with a notable increase observed in Iraq. However, no validated tool currently exists to assess SSB consumption apart from the frequency of SSBintake within this population. The objective of this study is to evaluate the beverage consumption patterns of Arabic-speaking adolescents using a validated Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEVQ) specifically designed for this population. The BEVQ has been authorized by the original author and was meticulously translated through a 10-step protocol. The content validity of the BEVQ was rigorously evaluated by four independent experts using the item-level content validity index (I-CVI), scale-level content validity index average (S-CVI/Ave), sum of the content validity index/universal agreement (S-CVI/UA), and the modified kappa statistic (κ m). The face validity was also conducted on 30 adolescents, ensuring clarity and comprehensive validation. The translation process required minor modifications to ensure linguistic and cultural equivalence to the original questionnaire. The Arabic version of the BEVQ (BEVQ-A) achieved S-CVI/Ave scores ranging from 0.90 to 0.98 and S-CVI/UA scores ranging from 0.75 to 1.00. The modified kappa statistic (κ m) indicated that the majority of items were categorized as good to excellent. These scores confirmed that the BEVQ-A possessed robust content validity. Additionally, the BEVQ-A demonstratedcomprehensive and clear face validity, with asum of face validity index (S-FVI) score of 0.97. In conclusion, the Arabic-translated version of the BEVQis a valid and reliable instrument for assessing total beverage consumption among Arabic-speaking adolescents.

Integrating Sparse Reward Handling, Ethical Considerations, And Domain-Specific Adaptation In RlBased Machine Translation For Low-Resource Languages

Effective communication across languages remains a critical challenge, particularly in low-resource settings where conventional machine translation approaches falter due to sparse data and limited quality feedback. This paper presents a holistic framework to enhance reinforcement learning (RL) based machine translation systems tailored for such environments. We address the trifecta of challenges: sparse feedback on translation quality, ethical implications in algorithmic decision-making, and the imperative to adapt models to nuanced linguistic domains. This approach integrates advanced techniques in sparse reward handling, ensuring RL models learn efficiently despite limited feedback. Ethical considerations drive our methodology, emphasizing fairness, bias mitigation, and cultural sensitivity to uphold ethical standards in AI-driven translations. Additionally, domain-specific adaptation strategies are explored to tailor models to diverse linguistic contexts, from technical jargon to colloquialisms, enhancing translation accuracy and relevance. Through a rigorous experimental framework, including evaluation metrics like BLEU score and user feedback, we demonstrate substantial improvements in translation quality and ethical compliance compared to traditional methods. This research contributes to the evolution of robust, inclusive translation technologies pivotal for fostering global understanding and equitable access to information. This paper not only addresses current challenges but also sets a precedent for future research in AI ethics and machine learning applications, advocating for responsible innovation in crosscultural communication technologies

Implementation of Raita Algorithm in Manado-Indonesia Translation Application with Text Suggestion Using Levenshtein Distance Algorithm

Abstract. Manado City is one of the multidimensional and multicultural cities, possessing assets that are considered highly potential for development into tourism and development attractions. The current tourism assets being developed by the Manado City government are cultural tourism, as they hold a charm and allure for tourists. Hence, a communication tool in the form of a translation application is necessary for facilitating communication between visiting tourists and the native community of North Sulawesi, even for newcomers who intend to reside in North Sulawesi, given that the Manado language serves as the primary communication tool within the community. This research employs a combination of the Raita algorithm and the Levenshtein distance algorithm in its creation process, along with the confusion matrix method to calculate the accuracy of translation results using the Levenshtein distance algorithm with a text suggestion feature. The research begins by collecting a dataset consisting of Manado language vocabulary and their translations in Indonesia language, sourced from literature studies and original respondents from North Sulawesi, which have been validated by a validator to prevent translation data errors. The subsequent stage involves preprocessing the dataset, converting the entire content of the dataset to lowercase using the case folding process, and removing spaces at the start and end of texts using the trim function. Next, both algorithms are implemented, with the Raita algorithm serving for translation and the Levenshtein distance algorithm providing text suggestions for typing errors during the translation process. The accuracy results derived from the confusion matrix calculations during the translation process of 100 vocabulary words, accounting for typing errors, indicate that the Levenshtein distance algorithm is capable of effectively translating vocabulary accurately and correctly, even in the presence of typing errors, resulting in a high accuracy rate of 94,17%. Purpose: To determine the implementation of the Levenshtein distance and Raita algorithms in the process of using the Manado-Indonesian translation application, as well as the resulting accuracy level. Methods/Study design/approach: In this study, a combination of the Raita and Levenshtein distance algorithms is utilized in the translation application system, along with the confusion matrix method to calculate accuracy. Result/Findings: The accuracy achieved in the translation process using text suggestions from the Levenshtein distance algorithm is 94.17%. Novelty/Originality/Value: This research demonstrates that the combination of the Raita and Levenshtein distance algorithms yields optimal results in the vocabulary translation process and provides accurate outcomes from the use of effective text suggestions. This is attributed to the fact that nearly all the data used was successfully translated by the system, even in the presence of typographical errors.

Artificial Intelligence versus Human Intelligence in the Analysis of Context during the Translation Process: An Applied Study

Artificial Intelligence versus Human Intelligence in the Analysis of Context during the Translation Process: An Applied Study

Problems of Translating English Compound-Complex Sentences into Arabic

The study focuses on problems encountered by translation students when translating English compound-complex sentences into Arabic. It explores their structure, their components, and the appropriate way of translating them with the preservation of the same structure and meaning into the TL. The study hypothesizes: 1) compound-complex sentences can be found in English and Arabic. 2) Such structures are problematic for students when translating them into Arabic. 3) Vinay& Darbelnet’s translational model is applicable in translating compound - complex sentences. The study presents a comprehensive theoretical explanation on compound-complex sentences in both English and Arabic. Then, (3) English compound-complex sentences have been selected from different English grammar books and handed over to (20) undergraduate 4th stage students at the Department of Translation_ College of Arts_ University of Mosul, to handle the task of translating these sentences into Arabic. Their translations were analyzed syntactically and semantically by adopting Vinay& Darbelnet’s translational model(1958/1995) as well as Catford’s classification of translation-shifts (1965); in order to detect the difficulties and problems encountered in translating the sentences; thus, it’s a qualitative study. The study concludes that:1) compound-complex sentences are found in English and Arabic, 2) such sentences are problematic for students when translating them into Arabic either by the difficulty of identifying their parts, making unnecessary shifts, or adopting inappropriate strategy during the translational process that affect their translation accuracy, syntactically and semantically. 3) Vinay& Darbelent’s translational model is applicable to translating compound-complex sentences by adopting literal translation procedure within direct translation strategy. Based on that, the study is classified as a descriptive one.

Технологии цифровой экономики в обучении переводу

Introduction. Due to the active introduction of digital technologies into human activity, there is a change in the way of work organisation, changes in the content of processes, including the profession of translator. Inclusion of the study of the peculiarities of the use of digital economy technologies in the educational process allows preparing future specialists for their professional activities. The aim of the work is to identify the main features of digital economy technologies, to determine the possibilities and directions of their use in the activity of a translator, as well as to identify the content of digital competences and ways of forming them in linguistics students in the educational process. Materials and methods. The methodology is determined by analytical approaches to identifying the features of digital economy technologies, the comparative method allowed us to form approaches to the content of digital competence in translation activity. The method of point-rating assessment allowed us to identify the level of formed designated knowledge, skills, abilities and competences. The survey method allowed to get feedback from the 4th year students of the direction “Linguistics” participating in the sample. As a theoretical basis we used scientific works devoted to the issues of digital competences of translators, as well as digital technologies in their professional activities. The results of the study and their discussion. The introduction of the issue of the use of technologies of the digital economy into the educational process of training future translators allows us to define the content of the discipline “Information Technologies in Translation”, the components of the translator's digital competence determine the directions of competence formation and the content of the current control. The policy of import substitution and sanctions has imposed requirements on the relevance of the applications and services used, which poses difficulties for the technical organization of the learning process and allows us to formulate new criteria for the selection of software. The results of the interim control showed an increase in the efficiency and quality indicators of the learning process in the discipline. Conclusion. A properly organized digital environment, modern information technologies selected on the basis of scientific criteria, an educational process aimed at motivating professional work and assessing the formation of both digital and translation competence allow to increase the efficiency of learning and its quality in the training of translation specialists.

Continuous adaptation of conversation aids for uterine fibroids treatment options in a four-year multi-center implementation project

BackgroundFibroids are non-cancerous uterine growths that can cause symptoms impacting quality of life. The breadth of treatment options allows for patient-centered preference. While conversation aids are known to facilitate shared decision making, the implementation of these aids for uterine fibroids treatments is limited. We aimed to develop two end-user-acceptable uterine fibroids conversation aids for an implementation project. Our second aim was to outline the adaptations that were made to the conversation aids as implementation occurred.MethodsWe used a multi-phase user-centered participatory approach to develop a text-based and picture-enhanced conversation aid for uterine fibroids. We conducted a focus group with project stakeholders and user-testing interviews with eligible individuals with symptomatic uterine fibroids. We analyzed the results of the user-testing interviews using Morville’s Honeycomb framework. Spanish translations of the conversation aids occurred in parallel with the English iterations. We documented the continuous adaptations of the conversation aids that occurred during the project using an expanded framework for reporting adaptations and modifications to evidence-based interventions (FRAME).ResultsThe first iteration of the conversation aids was developed in December 2018. Focus group participants (n = 6) appreciated the brevity of the tools and suggested changes to the bar graphs and illustrations used in the picture-enhanced version. User-testing with interview participants (n = 9) found that both conversation aids were satisfactory, with minor changes suggested. However, during implementation, significant changes were suggested by patients, other stakeholders, and participating clinicians when they reviewed the content. The most significant changes required the addition or deletion of information about treatment options as newer research was published or as novel interventions were introduced into clinical practice.ConclusionsThis multi-year project revealed the necessity of continuously adapting the uterine fibroids conversation aids so they remain acceptable in an implementation and sustainability context. Therefore, it is important to seek regular user feedback and plan for the need to undertake updates and revisions to conversation aids if they are going to be acceptable for clinical use.

Measurement Properties of Korean Version of Swallowing-Related Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: A Scoping Review

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been studied for their application in the evaluation of patient experiences of dysphagia and swallowing-related quality of life in Korea. However, there has not been sufficient attention to these measures. This scoping review was to overview the latest evidence on swallowing-related PROMs and those measurement properties. We also performed a quality assessment for the cross-cultural adaptation of the PROMs if those were adapted in Korea. We reviewed articles published in English and Korean from their beginning through December 2023 using three electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Because this review included both the translated versions of and Korean-developed questionnaires, the cross-cultural adaptation and measurement properties of PROMs were investigated for quality assessment. We evaluated nine studies with eight PROMs in total. The cross-cultural adaptation of PROMs generally demonstrated poor quality, in terms of a lack of evidence on the translational process to adequately adapt the questionnaire items to different socio-cultural contexts. The Korean-developed questionnaires also showed poor quality of the measurement properties. This may be due to the questionnaires' early developmental stage at present. This scoping review was the first to outline the current evidence on swallowing-related PROMs in Korea. Further studies are necessary to ensure the high methodological quality of the questionnaires for dysphagia diagnosis and intervention.