Transient Response Research Articles

Deviation analysis in transient response of fractional-order systems: An elementary function-based lower bound

In this paper, transient response of commensurate fractional-order systems with non-zero initial conditions is investigated in the viewpoint of the existence of deviation from initial condition. In particular, firstly peak effect for a class of linear fractional order systems is inspected by presenting a lower bound for their responses. Such a lower bound is described by an elementary function, where the commensurate order of the system is considered as a rational number. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that under particular circumstances the derived lower bound can be extended to apply for deviation analysis in response of a class of fractional-order nonlinear systems. Moreover, included are various illustrative examples intended to assess the applicability of the obtained lower bound in prediction of the deviation value and the time instance at which the peak effect occurs.

Robust and intelligent power control for three-bladed horizontal axis wind turbine system using a real wind profile of the northern Morocco

In this work, a robust and intelligent control approach is developed for three-bladed horizontal axis variable-speed wind turbine (VSWT) operating under real climatic conditions (whether the WT is onshore or offshore). Below the rated power, the main purpose of the controller is to optimize the extraction of energy from wind and ensure the full exploitation of the installation, all while minimizing mechanical stress in the system in the presence of uncertainties and external disturbances. In order to achieve optimized wind energy capture without chattering problems or oscillatory phenomena, this study proposes combining the Integral Sliding Mode Control (ISMC) with an artificial neural network technique such as the Radial Basis Function (RBF) to enhance controller performances. Additionally, the RBF neural network (RBFNN) approach is implemented to estimate the wind turbine (WT) model uncertain part, allowing the use of a lower switching gain to achieve faster convergence and avoid steady-state error. Thus, by means of Lyapunov theory, the stability of the system with this controller can be demonstrated. Simulation results of the proposed Neural Network Integral Sliding Mode Control (NN-ISMC) controller are compared with the usual SMC and the standard ISMC. The comparative analysis indicate a superior efficiency of the developed control strategy in terms of decreasing tracking error and eliminating chattering behavior. Moreover, this approach provides a faster transient system response and higher robustness in presence of uncertainties compared to the other controllers.

A transient-enhanced output-capacitorless LDO regulator with non-inverting pull–push gain stage

A novel non-inverting pull–push gain stage output-capacitorless low-dropout regulator (OCL-LDO) is introduced, designed specifically for power management of system-on-chip (SoC). The incorporation of an innovative non-inverting gain stage (NIGS) serves to shift the non-dominant parasitic poles to higher frequencies, thereby enhancing the overall stability of the system. The proposed pull-push configuration markedly improves the slew rate limitation at the gate of the power transistor. Post-layout simulation outcomes, corroborated through a 180-nm CMOS fabrication process, indicate that the proposed LDO regulator maintains stability across a wide range of loading currents, from 0 mA to 100 mA, with a Miller compensation capacitance of only 3.5 pF. The circuit operates with a quiescent current of 143 μA when powered by a 1.5 V single supply. The LDO regulator boasts a dropout voltage of 300 mV, enabling it to deliver up to 100 mA of load current. Simulation results show that the undershoot voltage is only 63.7 mV when the load current jumps from 0 to 100 mA with edge of 100 ns, while employing a 100 pF capacitance load. The recovery time to return to equilibrium post this abrupt change is approximately 0.15 μs. The proposed OCL-LDO regulator exhibits a substantial enhancement in transient response compared to its predecessors, alongside a harmonized balance between line regulation and load regulation performance parameters.

Optimizing the Steering of Driverless Personal Mobility Pods with a Novel Differential Harris Hawks Optimization Algorithm (DHHO) and Encoder Modeling

This paper aims to improve the steering performance of the Ackermann personal mobility scooter based on a new meta-heuristic optimization algorithm named Differential Harris Hawks Optimization (DHHO) and the modeling of the steering encoder. The steering response in the Ackermann mechanism is crucial for automated driving systems (ADS), especially in localization and path-planning phases. Various methods presented in the literature are used to control the steering, and meta-heuristic optimization algorithms have achieved prominent results. Harris Hawks optimization (HHO) algorithm is a recent algorithm that outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms in various optimization applications. However, it has yet to be applied to the steering control application. The research in this paper was conducted in three stages. First, practical experiments were performed on the steering encoder sensor that measures the steering angle of the Landlex mobility scooter, and supervised learning was applied to model the results obtained for the steering control. Second, the DHHO algorithm is proposed by introducing mutation between hawks in the exploration phase instead of the Hawks perch technique, improving population diversity and reducing premature convergence. The simulation results on CEC2021 benchmark functions showed that the DHHO algorithm outperforms the HHO, PSO, BAS, and CMAES algorithms. The mean error of the DHHO is improved with a confidence level of 99.8047% and 91.6016% in the 10-dimension and 20-dimension problems, respectively, compared with the original HHO. Third, DHHO is implemented for interactive real-time PID tuning to control the steering of the Ackermann scooter. The practical transient response results showed that the settling time is improved by 89.31% compared to the original response with no overshoot and steady-state error, proving the superior performance of the DHHO algorithm compared to the traditional control methods. The MATLAB source code and the result files for the proposed algorithm are available in the supplementary materials file and a GitHub repository.

FUZZY FRACTIONAL ORDER SLIDING MODE CONTROL FOR OPTIMAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION-TRANSIENT RESPONSE TRADE-OFF IN ROBOTIC SYSTEMS

This work presents a new fuzzy logic parameter tuning-based fractional order sliding mode control (F-FOSMC) strategy for the trajectory tracking of robotic systems. The primary objective is to achieve an optimal control compromise seeking to minimize energy consumption for required motions, all while increasing both accuracy and rapidity of the transient response, addressing therefore a critical challenge in the field of robotics. Our approach integrates a sophisticated fuzzy logic fractional order mechanism to dynamically fine-tune the noninteger derivation parameter of the FOSMC, offering adaptability to varying operational conditions. This intelligent fuzzy logic controller tuning optimizes the FOSMC performance, demonstrates a remarkable capacity to handle uncertainties and disturbances intrinsic to robotic applications and allows to optimize the trade-off between the energy consumption and transient response efficiency throughout the robot’s motion. The effectiveness of the proposed study is thoroughly examined via simulations conducted on a 3 DOF manipulator robotic system. Results showcase that F-FOSMC significantly reduces control energy consumption while preserving rapid and efficient transient response characteristics.

Observing and Modeling Short‐Term Changes in Basal Friction During Rain‐Induced Speed‐Ups on an Alpine Glacier

AbstractBasal shear stress on hard‐bedded glaciers results from normal stress against bed roughness, which depends on basal water pressure and cavity size. These quantities are related in a steady state but are expected to behave differently under rapid changes in water input, which may lead to a transient frictional response not captured by existing friction laws. Here, we investigate transient friction using Global Positioning System vertical displacement and horizontal velocity observations, basal water pressure measurements, and cavitation model predictions during rain‐induced speed‐up events at Glacier d'Argentière, French Alps. We observe up to a threefold increase in horizontal surface velocity, spatially migrating at rates consistent with subglacial flow drainage, and associated with surface uplift and increased water pressure. We show that frictional changes are mainly driven by changes in water pressure at nearly constant cavity size. We propose a generalized friction law capable of capturing observations in both the transient and steady‐state regimes.

Development and comprehensive investigation of a lightweight FBG accelerometer for small structure acceleration measurements

Abstract Despite their sensitivity potential, diaphragm-type fiber Bragg grating accelerometers with inertia mass are often too complex and large, limiting their suitability for measuring small structures. Designing a suitable accelerometer for small structures, where its weight must be less than one-tenth of the measured structure, is challenging. This paper introduces a compact, simplified, and fabricable non-inertia mass FBG accelerometer (FBGA-SD), featuring a longer FBG tunnel and a through-hole for monitoring. The proposed FBGA-SD is 16 × 16 × 10 mm, weighing 4 grams. Numerical and experimental results show good agreement, though amplitude sensitivity differs by 50%. The experimental sensitivity is 9.64 × 10-2 pm/g, while transient response analysis gives 4.79 × 10-2 pm/g, valid for 10-100 Hz excitation frequencies and up to 10.5 m/s² base acceleration.

Ultrafast Dynamics of Bloch Surface Wave Polaritons in Large-Area 2D Semiconductor Monolayers at Room Temperature.

The dynamics of strongly coupled polariton systems integrated with 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is key to enabling efficient coherent processes and achieving high-performance TMD-based polaritonic devices, such as ultralow-threshold polariton lasers and ultrafast optical switches. However, there has been a lack of a comprehensive understanding of the excited state dynamics in TMD-based polariton systems. In this work, ultrafast pump-probe optical spectroscopy is used to investigate the room temperature dynamics of the polariton systems consisting of TMD monolayer excitons strongly coupled with Bloch surface waves (BSWs) supported by all-dielectric photonic structures. The transient response is found for both above-exciton energy pumping and polariton-resonant pumping. The excited state population and ultrafast coherent coupling of the exciton reservoir and lower polariton (LP) branch are observed for resonant pumping. Moreover, it is found that the transient response of the LP first decays on a short-time scale of 0.15-0.25ps compared to the calculated intrinsic lifetime of 0.11-0.20ps, and is followed by a longer decay (>100ps) due to the dynamical evolution of the exciton reservoir. The results provide a fundamental understanding of the dynamics of TMD-based polariton systems while showing the potential for achieving efficient coherent optical processes for device applications.

Magnetic field expulsion in optically driven YBa2Cu3O6.48.

Coherent optical driving in quantum solids is emerging as a research frontier, with many reports of interesting non-equilibrium quantum phases1-4 and transient photo-induced functional phenomena such as ferroelectricity5,6, magnetism7-10 and superconductivity11-14. In high-temperature cupratesuperconductors, coherent driving of certain phonon modes has resulted in a transient state with superconducting-like optical properties, observed far above their transition temperatureTc and throughout the pseudogap phase15-18. However, questions remain on the microscopic nature of this transient state and how to distinguish it from a non-superconducting state with enhanced carrier mobility. For example, it is not known whether cuprates driven in this fashion exhibit Meissner diamagnetism. Here we examine the time-dependent magnetic field surrounding an optically driven YBa2Cu3O6.48 crystal by measuring Faraday rotation in a magneto-optic material placed in the vicinity of the sample. For a constant applied magnetic field and under the same driving conditions that result in superconducting-like optical properties15-18, a transient diamagnetic response was observed. This response is comparable in size with that expected in an equilibrium type II superconductor of similar shape and size with a volume susceptibility χv of order -0.3. This value is incompatible with a photo-induced increase in mobility without superconductivity. Rather, it underscores the notion of a pseudogap phase in which incipient superconducting correlations are enhanced or synchronized by the drive.

A novel hardware implementation approach to enhanced stable island operation of hybrid distributed generation using superconducting fault current limiters

In this research study, we have explored the transformative potential of integrating Superconducting Fault Current Limiters (SFCLs) and Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMEC) systems in hybrid distributed generation setups. Through a meticulous series of experiments, simulations, and detailed analyses, we have delved into the dynamic responses of these advanced technologies amidst various grid disturbances and fault scenarios. Our investigations encompassed a spectrum of grid disturbance scenarios, including voltage sags, frequency variations, and short circuits, revealing the crucial role that SFCLs and SMEC play in maintaining stable islanded operation. The numerical results showcased in this study demonstrate the pivotal role of SFCLs and SMEC in swiftly responding to grid disturbances, effectively limiting fault impacts and ensuring a continuous and uninterrupted power supply to critical loads. For instance, SFCLs reduced fault currents by up to 60 % within 15 ms during short circuit events at Node A, while voltage sags of 20 % were mitigated within 75 ms, showcasing a fault clearing time of 45 ms. Additionally, the SMES system's energy capacity of 10 kWh played a significant role in voltage and frequency stabilization, reducing fault impacts by over 50 % during various fault scenarios. Furthermore, our detailed analyses provide valuable insights into the SFCL performance, including activation times and fault current reduction capabilities. The transient responses of the system exemplify the remarkable ability of SFCLs to expedite fault recovery and stabilize microgrids. This study presents a novel hardware implementation approach aimed at enhancing the stable island operation of hybrid distributed generation systems through the integration of SFCLs and SMEC. The research addresses the pressing need for innovative solutions to ensure grid stability and reliability amidst the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources. Through hardware simulations, the effectiveness of SFCLs in limiting fault currents and improving system stability is demonstrated. Moreover, a quantitative comparison with existing solutions highlights the superiority of the integrated SFCL-SMES system in enhancing stable island operation, with fault tolerance improvements of up to 56 % compared to traditional methods. Overall, this research contributes to advancing the field of hybrid distributed generation and fault management, offering valuable insights into the practical implementation of SFCLs and SMES for grid resilience and reliable renewable energy integration.

Numerical simulation on transient electromagnetic response of separation layer water in coal seam roof

Mining stress induces deformation and fracture of the overlaying rock, which will result in water filling the separation layer if the aquifer finds access to abscission space along the fracture channels. Accurate detection is crucial to prevent water hazards induced by water-bearing fractures. The 3-D time-domain finite-difference method with Yee’s grid was adopted to calculate full-space transient electromagnetic response; meanwhile, a typical geologic and geophysical model with a water-bearing block in an separation layer was built according to regional tectonics and stratigraphic developments. By using numerical simulation, the induced voltage and apparent resistivity for both vertical and horizontal components were acquired, and then an approximate inversion was carried out based on the “smoke ring” theory. The results indicate that the diffusion velocity of induced voltage is significantly affected by the water-bearing body in the fracture, and the horizontal velocity of induced voltage is lower than the vertical one. The induced voltage curves indicate that the horizontal response to an anomaly body is stronger than the vertical one, leading to a high apparent resistivity resolution of conductivity contrast and separation layer boundary in the horizontal direction. The results of 3-D simulation making use of a measured data model also demonstrate that the horizontal component of apparent resistivity can reflect the electrical structure in a better way; however, its ability to recognize the concealed and fine conductor is rather weak. Accordingly, the observation method or numerical interpolation method needs to be further improved for data processing and interpretation.

Numerical simulation on transient electromagnetic response of separation layer water in coal seam roof

Mining stress induces deformation and fracture of the overlaying rock, which will result in water filling the separation layer if the aquifer finds access to abscission space along the fracture channels. Accurate detection is crucial to prevent water hazards induced by water-bearing fractures. The 3-D time-domain finite-difference method with Yee’s grid was adopted to calculate full-space transient electromagnetic response; meanwhile, a typical geologic and geophysical model with a water-bearing block in an separation layer was built according to regional tectonics and stratigraphic developments. By using numerical simulation, the induced voltage and apparent resistivity for both vertical and horizontal components were acquired, and then an approximate inversion was carried out based on the “smoke ring” theory. The results indicate that the diffusion velocity of induced voltage is significantly affected by the water-bearing body in the fracture, and the horizontal velocity of induced voltage is lower than the vertical one. The induced voltage curves indicate that the horizontal response to an anomaly body is stronger than the vertical one, leading to a high apparent resistivity resolution of conductivity contrast and separation layer boundary in the horizontal direction. The results of 3-D simulation making use of a measured data model also demonstrate that the horizontal component of apparent resistivity can reflect the electrical structure in a better way; however, its ability to recognize the concealed and fine conductor is rather weak. Accordingly, the observation method or numerical interpolation method needs to be further improved for data processing and interpretation.

Attitude Control of a Mass-Actuated Fixed-Wing UAV Based on Adaptive Global Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control

Compared with traditional control methods, moving mass control (MMC) enhances the aerodynamic efficiency and stealth performance of fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (FWUAVs), thereby facilitating their broader application in military and civilian fields. Nevertheless, this approach increases system complexity, nonlinearity, and coupling characteristics. To address these challenges, a novel attitude controller is proposed using adaptive global fast terminal sliding mode (GFTSM) control. Firstly, a dynamic model is established based on aerodynamics, flight dynamics, and moving mass dynamics. Secondly, to improve transient and steady-state responses, prescribed performance control (PPC) is adopted, which enhances the controller’s adaptability for mass-actuated aircraft. Thirdly, a fixed-time extended state observer (FTESO) is utilized to solve the inertial coupling issue caused by mass block movement. Additionally, the performance of the entire control system is rigorously proven through the Lyapunov function. Finally, numerical simulations of the proposed controller are compared with those of PID and linear ADRC in three different conditions: ideal conditions, fixed aerodynamic parameters, and nonlinear aerodynamic parameter changes. The results indicate that the controller effectively compensates for the system’s uncertainty and unknown disturbances, ensuring rapid and accurate tracking of the desired commands.

Myogenic artifacts masquerade as neuroplasticity in the auditory frequency-following response.

The frequency-following response (FFR) is an evoked potential that provides a neural index of complex sound encoding in the brain. FFRs have been widely used to characterize speech and music processing, experience-dependent neuroplasticity (e.g., learning and musicianship), and biomarkers for hearing and language-based disorders that distort receptive communication abilities. It is widely assumed that FFRs stem from a mixture of phase-locked neurogenic activity from the brainstem and cortical structures along the hearing neuraxis. In this study, we challenge this prevailing view by demonstrating that upwards of ~50% of the FFR can originate from an unexpected myogenic source: contamination from the postauricular muscle (PAM) vestigial startle reflex. We measured PAM, transient auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), and sustained frequency-following response (FFR) potentials reflecting myogenic (PAM) and neurogenic (ABR/FFR) responses in young, normal-hearing listeners with varying degrees of musical training. We first establish that PAM artifact is present in all ears, varies with electrode proximity to the muscle, and can be experimentally manipulated by directing listeners' eye gaze toward the ear of sound stimulation. We then show this muscular noise easily confounds auditory FFRs, spuriously amplifying responses 3-4-fold with tandem PAM contraction and even explaining putative FFR enhancements observed in highly skilled musicians. Our findings expose a new and unrecognized myogenic source to the FFR that drives its large inter-subject variability and cast doubt on whether changes in the response typically attributed to neuroplasticity/pathology are solely of brain origin.

Attitude Control of a Mass-Actuated Fixed-Wing UAV Based on Adaptive Global Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control

Compared with traditional control methods, moving mass control (MMC) enhances the aerodynamic efficiency and stealth performance of fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (FWUAVs), thereby facilitating their broader application in military and civilian fields. Nevertheless, this approach increases system complexity, nonlinearity, and coupling characteristics. To address these challenges, a novel attitude controller is proposed using adaptive global fast terminal sliding mode (GFTSM) control. Firstly, a dynamic model is established based on aerodynamics, flight dynamics, and moving mass dynamics. Secondly, to improve transient and steady-state responses, prescribed performance control (PPC) is adopted, which enhances the controller’s adaptability for mass-actuated aircraft. Thirdly, a fixed-time extended state observer (FTESO) is utilized to solve the inertial coupling issue caused by mass block movement. Additionally, the performance of the entire control system is rigorously proven through the Lyapunov function. Finally, numerical simulations of the proposed controller are compared with those of PID and linear ADRC in three different conditions: ideal conditions, fixed aerodynamic parameters, and nonlinear aerodynamic parameter changes. The results indicate that the controller effectively compensates for the system’s uncertainty and unknown disturbances, ensuring rapid and accurate tracking of the desired commands.

Accurate modeling of thermal-optical performance for a lightweight SiC mirror

The SiC mirror has excellent structural rigidity and thermal stability, making it widely applicable in high-power optical systems. This manuscript aims to establish a coupled analysis model of thermal-optical performance for a lightweight SiC reflector under high-power laser irradiation. First, based on the Fourier principle, the transient temperature rise of the mirror is analyzed using the finite element method, considering boundary conditions such as heat source and convective radiation. A transient thermal response model for the mirror is established. Then, the reflective surface deformation is solved based on the mirror temperature field. By processing the data of node deformation, the decrease in the mirror surface shape accuracy (RMS) value is obtained. Finally, the experimental platform is built to measure the transient temperature rise and wavefront aberration change of the mirror after high-power laser excitation. Based on the deviation between the calculated data of the analysis model and the measured data, thermodynamic parameters in the analysis model are adjusted according to the principle of minimum residual. The research findings of this manuscript can be utilized for accurately predicting the temperature rise and optical degradation of SiC mirrors under high-power laser irradiation and provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent design of actively compensating methods for thermal-induced distortions.

Transient Dynamic Response of Generally Shaped Arches under Interval Uncertainties

This paper endeavors to investigate the characteristics of the transient dynamic response of a generally shaped arch when influenced by uncertain parameters while being subjected to specific external excitation. The equations of motion of the generally shaped arches are derived by the differential quadrature (DQ) method, and the deterministic dynamic responses are calculated using the Newmark-β method. By employing the Chebyshev inclusive function, an interval method based on a non-intrusive polynomial surrogate model is developed, and the uncertain dynamic responses are reckoned by enabling numerical simulations. The results of the proposed interval method are compared with those obtained from the scanning method for validation. The effects of various shapes and rise span ratios on the dynamic responses are investigated through a parametric study. The results suggest that the degree of fluctuation in the uncertain dynamic behavior is influenced by the type of parameter. Additionally, the responses of each shaped arch decrease with the increase in the rise span ratios, and with the same rise span ratio, the deterministic responses and corresponding uncertain responses are also affected by the shape of the arch, and they are considered to be at a minimum when the arch shape is parabolic. This study will enhance understanding of the dynamic properties of arches with uncertainties and provide some basis for the assessment and health monitoring of arch structures.

In situ loading of Ag2MoO4 nanoparticles onto oxygen-doped porous g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution

Photogenerated carriers transfer and separation from the substance itself to produce spatial isolated electron-hole pairs is crucial for the utilization of composite photocatalysts in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution. Herein, novel oxygen-doped porous graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) micro-sheets decorated with Ag2MoO4 have been fabricated by a facile calcination method followed by in situ deposition strategy. The physicochemical properties of the obtained Ag2MoO4/OC3N4 composites were characterized via SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, XPS, UV–vis DRS, PL, transient photocurrent response, and EIS, as well as DFT calculation. In addition, the effects of Ag2MoO4 content, type of scavengers, pH value of reaction solution and dosage of scavenger on photocatalytic H2 production were investigated. The results show that the modification of ammonium acetate thermal polymerization with urea could enhance the porosity of g-C3N4 and its specific surface area. The Ag2MoO4 nanoparticles are highly dispersed on the OC3N4 surface, reducing the charge transfer resistance at their interfaces. The OC3N4 photocatalyst achieves H2 yield of 8629.11 μmol/g over 2 h, which is about 1.46 times higher than that of C3N4. The H2 production amount over the optimal Ag2MoO4/OC3N4 composite photocatalyst (50 mg) is further enhanced to 16619 μmol/g, which is 1.93 and 180 times higher than that of OC3N4 and Ag2MoO4, respectively. The S-scheme charge transfer mechanism of Ag2MoO4/OC3N4 is proposed based on the DFT calculation. This work provides a facile and easy strategy to develop g–C3N4–based photocatalysts through adjusting chemical composition and photocatalytic properties.

Ca‐Doped PrFeO3 Photocathodes with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Activity

Perovskite oxides, renowned for their adaptable structure and optoelectronic characteristics, hold significant potential for applications in catalysis and photoelectrochemical (PEC) processes. In this research, the preparation of praseodymium iron oxide (PrFeO3) by spin coating and the impact of incorporating a calcium (Ca) dopant on its PEC efficacy as photocathodes are investigated. Spin coating of a polymer containing sol–gel yields thin films with uniform morphology and porosity, facilitating effective semiconductor/electrolyte interactions, as characterized by scanning electron microscopy analyses. Evaluation of transient photocurrent responses reveals that introducing Ca at a 5 at% doping level significantly enhances the PEC activity of PrFeO3, resulting in an optimal photocurrent of −124 μA cm−2 at +0.43 V vs. a reversible hydrogen electrode (VRHE) under simulated sunlight conditions. This enhancement is accompanied by an incident photon‐to‐current efficiency (IPCE) of 3.8% at +0.43 VRHE and 350 nm, along with an onset potential of +1.1 VRHE. Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy analyses indicate an increase in light‐absorption capabilities in the Ca‐doped films and a noticeable reduction in bandgap compared to the undoped counterparts, further supported by IPCE measurements. In the findings, the significant role of dopants in augmenting the photocurrent performance of stable perovskite oxides, highlighting their potential in advancing photon conversion technologies, is underscored.

Digital Functional Blocks Implementation of PWM and Control for a High-Frequency Interleaved Y-Inverter Motor Drive

This paper is about the development and demonstration of a motor drive for e-transport applications based on an innovative hybrid Si-SiC dual switching frequency interleaved buck–boost Y-inverter and a single-rotor Halbach machine. In particular, the focus is the implementation of the required discontinuous inverter modulation scheme, input voltage feed-forward and motor currents feedback control loops, as well as over-voltage, over-current, and over-temperature protections, using an off-the-shelf commercial hardware platform enabling straightforward Simulink-environment programming of all parts, while ensuring the high switching frequency capability required by wide-band-gap semiconductors. Experimental results showed good inverter efficiency, transient dynamic response to load changes, input voltage regulation, and fully functional protection capability, validating the proposed approach as a powerful option for reducing system development time and cost.