Transient Myopia Research Articles

The impact of different postures on acute intraocular pressure and accommodation responses during reading

IntroductionTo investigate the effects of different reading postures on intraocular pressure (IOP) and near-work-induced transient myopia (NITM) in children with myopia.MethodsSixty myopic children were instructed to read a book text placed at 33 cm for 30 min with two different reading postures: head bowed and head upright postures. The participants’ IOP and NITM were assessed using a rebound tonometer and an open-field autorefractor. The measurement of IOP was conducted prior to reading, during reading sessions (at 5, 10, 20, and 30-min intervals), and after a 5-min recovery period.ResultsFor the head bowed posture, the mean baseline IOP was 16.13 ± 2.47 mmHg. A significant rise in IOP was observed after 5 min of reading (17.17 ± 2.97 mmHg; +1.03 ± 2.29 mmHg; p = 0.014). Subsequent measurements revealed a further increase after 20 min (17.87 ± 2.90 mmHg; +1.73 ± 2.58 mmHg; p < 0.001), which continued to persist even after 30 min of reading (17.57 ± 3.46 mmHg; +1.43 ± 2.66 mmHg; p = 0.002). The IOP at different time points measured in the head upright posture did not show any significant difference in comparison to the baseline measurement (all p = 1.000). Compared to reading with the head upright, reading with the head bowed resulted in a greater increase in IOP at each time point (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the NITM was higher for reading with the head bowed than for reading with head upright at 30 min (-0.24 ± 0.53 D vs. -0.12 ± 0.47 D, p = 0.038).ConclusionReading in a head bowed position resulted in greater increases in IOP and NITM compared to reading in a head upright posture.

Clinical Aspects of Transient Myopia after Blunt Eye Trauma

Purpose: To investigate the clinical aspects of transient myopia after blunt eye trauma.Methods: The medical records of 32 patients treated at our hospital for from 2020 to 2022 traumatic microhyphema were analyzed retrospectively. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure, anterior chamber cells, anterior chamber depth, axial length, lens thickness, and refractive index were analyzed immediately after injury and after treatment. Patients with additional diseases such as vitreous and retinal hemorrhage, traumatic retinal detachment, iridodialysis, or orbital fracture were excluded. Correlations between the myopic changes and the amount of myopic refractive change caused by trauma were analyzed.Results: The 32 patients included 24 (75%) males and 8 (25%) females. The average myopic change was -3.03 ± 0.92 (range -1.00 to -5.25) diopters (D). The average change in anterior chamber depth due to trauma was -0.22 ± 0.11 mm, the change in lens diameter was 0.20 ± 0.09 mm, and the change in axial length was -0.07 ± 0.05 mm. The average change in refractive index due to ciliary spasm was -1.63 ± 0.65 D. The correlations between the change in refractive index and anterior chamber depth (r = 0.475, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.008), traumatic ciliary spasm (r = 0.649, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), and lens thickness (r = -0.184, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.330) were determined.Conclusions: Factors such as ciliary spasm, change in the anterior chamber depth, anterior shift of the lens-iris diaphragm, and increased lens thickness affect the myopic changes caused by trauma. Of these, a shallower anterior chamber depth and ciliary spasm are highly correlated with the transient myopic changes.

Sudden-onset transient bilateral myopia and angle closure induced by indapamide

Sudden-onset transient bilateral myopia and angle closure induced by indapamide

Protocol for a parallel assignment prospective, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of 0.01% atropine for near work-induced transient myopia and myopic progression in China

IntroductionAssessment of near work-induced transient myopia (NITM) is important for permanent myopia development and progression. Atropine eye drop has been reported to be beneficial in reducing initial NITM and slowing...

Description of an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the southern Jura Mountains, France, in 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to describe the 2021 Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) outbreak in the southern Jura Mountains. Patients and methodsWe included all laboratory-confirmed cases of HFRS reported between April and September 2021 in the three local hospitals. ResultsA total of 90 patients were enrolled in the study: 73 hospitalized and 17 non-hospitalized patients. Transient myopia was only reported in non-hospitalized patients. Forty (44.4 %) patients underwent medical imaging before hantavirus diagnosis. Twenty-one patients (28.8 %) had a plasma creatinine level > 353.6 µmol/L, no patient developed severe metabolic disorder. Only one patient was dialyzed. A pacemaker was implanted before diagnosis of HFRS due to severe bradycardia in one patient. Sudden death was reported in one patient. ConclusionThis hantavirus epidemic led to numerous hospitalizations, one dialysis treatment, and one death. Early diagnosis by rapid test could avoid unnecessary investigations.

Acute bilateral glaucoma related to uveal effusion syndrome associated with topiramate

AbstractPurpose: Drugs mostly sulfa‐related compounds, have produced uveal effusions, forward rotation of the iris‐lens diaphragm, transient myopia, and secondary angle closure. It has been recently encountered one case in which uveal effusions have occurred after administration of topiramate, a new anticonvulsant medication.Methods: A 54‐year‐old woman was seen in our emergency department with severe headaches, progressively blurry vision and photophobia in both eyes starting that morning. On examination, her visual acuity was hand movement in both eyes. Central corneal edema was observed, narrow chamber and anterior lens‐iris complex displacement with an unreactive middle pupil in both eyes. The funduscopic examination was difficult to assess due to the media opacity. Intraocular pressure measured with an applanation tonometer was 45 mm of mercury (mmHg) in the right eye and 50 mmHg in the left eye. Her medications included topiramate which she had started 2 weeks prior to initial examination due to headaches followed by neurology.Results: Topiramate‐induced angle closure has even been described as an idiosyncratic reaction in patients with normal depth of anterior chamber. The drug causes a prostaglandins increasement that trigger ciliary body edema at the local level but without acting at the systemic level. Ultrasound biomicroscopy shows the presence of a ciliochoroidal effusion syndrome, edema and the ciliary body anterolateral rotation, with zonular relaxation, changes that lead to iris‐lens diaphragm anterior displacement and, as a consequence, narrowing of the responsible anterior chamber with an acute glaucoma crisis.Conclusions: Topiramate is a sulfamate monosaccharide and belongs to a new generation of antiepileptic drugs, widely prescribed throughout the world as treatment of generalized tonic–clonic seizures and partial seizures. Prophylaxis of migraine, bipolar disorder, depression and neuropathic pain are other recent indications of its use. Bilateral acute glaucoma due to uveal effusion syndrome should be considered as an infrequent complication of topiramate use.References.1. Prithvi S. Sankar, MD; Louis R. Pasquale et al. Uveal Effusion and Secondary Angle‐Closure Glaucoma Associated With Topiramate Use. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119(8):1210–1211.

2.2: Invited Paper: The Effect of Tablet's Color Temperature on Ocular Health in Children

This study aims to evaluate the impact of the tablet's screen color temperature on children's eye health. A low color temperature (2800K) tablet and a high color temperature (8500K) tablet were used for 24 children to watch cartoon video. Before and after keeping watching video for 30 minutes, the children were evaluated in some ocular parameters, such as near-work induced transient myopia (NITM), accommodative lag, near point of convergence, accommodative amplitude et al., and an asthenopia questionnaire. Repeated analysis of variance was used to compare differences between two color temperature settings, before and after watching video, as well as to analyze the interaction. The mean NITM of children increased after using the high color temperature tablet, while the NITM change little after using the low color temperature tablet. After using the tablet for half an hour, the tear film break-up time was significantly shorter, but there was no significant difference between two color temperature settings. There was no difference in the total score of the visual fatigue questionnaire between the color temperatures settings after watching video. The item of burning sensation tended to score higher after watching the high color temperature tablet. The unusually high color temperature setting in tablet induced greater NITM and higher possibilities of ocular burning sensation in children even they only watched tablet screen for 30 minutes. Color temperature is a sensitive parameter for children's ocular health.

Hantavirus Disease: An Update

In addition to the well-known clinical early symptoms of hantavirus disease (fever, flank and abdominal pain as well as arthralgia), unusual neurological changes in the context of infection come into focus. The spectrum of neurological symptoms ranges from transient myopia to severe pareses in the context of Guillain-Barré syndrome. In endemic areas, rapid IgM tests for initial assessment are of certain value for differential diagnosis. For therapeutic approaches, only supportive measures up to transient dialysis are available.Molecular genetic analysis and comparison of hantavirus strains of patients and mice from the same geographical area allowed molecular characterization of different outbreak regions. In the meantime, the Puumala viruses of the main outbreak regions in Germany are molecularly well characterized; therefore, the nucleotide sequence of the virus strain detected in a patient makes it possible to draw conclusions about the geographic region where the patient's infection took place.The human pathogenic hantaviruses being prevalent in Germany are the Puumala virus (reservoir: bank vole) and the Dobrava-Belgrade virus, genotype Kurkino (reservoir: striped field mouse). Recently, the molecular detection of further hantaviruses in patients with hantavirus disease was achieved. It can be concluded that also the Seoul virus (reservoir: rats) and the Tulavirus (reservoir: field mouse and related species) occasionally cause hantavirus disease in Germany.New results revealed that human infections can occur not only by the generally accepted route of inhalation of virus-containing aerosols, but also by ingestion of virus-containing materials.For patients with hantavirus infection or disease, it can be assumed that they are not infectious for their environment. A new systematic review could not confirm a human-to-human transmission previously postulated for South American hantaviruses.While all known human pathogenic hantaviruses are transmitted by rodents, other hantaviruses have been recently detected in shrews, moles, and bats. The clinical significance of these new viruses is quite unclear as yet.

A case of posterior scleritis with transient myopia and increased intraocular pressure.

A case of posterior scleritis with transient myopia and increased intraocular pressure.

Impact of dual-focus soft contact lens wear on near work-induced transient myopia

ABSTRACTClinical relevanceDual-focus soft contact lenses are effective in slowing myopia progression; however, their influence on near work-induced transient myopia (NITM) remains unknown. When performing a 5-min near task at 20 cm, we observed that dual-focus soft contact lens wear induced greater lags of accommodation and a lower initial NITM than single-vision soft contact lenses, which provides relevant information for better understanding the impact of using this optical design on the accommodative function.BackgroundNITM has been proposed as a myogenic factor, although it is a matter of debate by the scientific community. The main objective of this study was to assess the short-term effect of wearing dual-focus soft contact lenses for myopia control on the steady-state accommodative response and NITM.MethodsTwenty-four young myope adults wore, on two different days, dual-focus and single-vision soft contact lenses, while the accommodative response was dynamically measured with an open-field autorefractor during the execution of the NITM task. The shift and the time required to recover baseline levels in the refractive state after performing the 5-min near task (20 cm) were the main dependent variables.ResultsWe found a lower magnitude of accommodation during the execution of the near task with the dual-focus in comparison to the single-vision soft contact lenses (p < 0.001). There was a lower initial NITM with the dual-focus when compared to the single-vision lenses (corrected p-value = 0.003, Cohen’s d = 0.68), but no statistically significant differences were observed for decay duration (p = 0.984).ConclusionsDual-focus soft contact lens wear causes a reduced accommodative response during a near task, and an initial small myopic shift at distance after a 5-min period of near viewing. The current findings may help to understand the mechanisms involved in myopia control with this optical strategy.

Multimodal imaging of indapamide-induced bilateral choroidal effusion: a case report

BackgroundIndapamide, a sulfonamide diuretic used to treat hypertension, has been reported to have ocular side effects of acute angle-closure glaucoma, transient myopia and choroidal effusion whose immediate etiology is uncertain. This report aims to clarify the nature of indapamide-induced edema of the entire eyeball using multimodal imaging.Case presentationA 60-year-old woman who was following a long-term carbohydrate-restricted diet and receiving oral treatment for hypertension was referred to our department for eye pain. Indapamide (1 mg daily) was prescribed for uncontrolled hypertension 5 days before her visit; she took the medication for only 3 days and then stopped due to dry eye. However, she began to feel eye pain the day after her last dose, and the pain gradually intensified. She experienced no decrease in visual acuity at the initial visit; however, an extremely shallow anterior chamber was observed in both eyes, along with a slight increase in intraocular pressure. For differential diagnosis, ocular manifestations were evaluated with wide-field fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) of both anterior and posterior segments, fluorescein / indocyanine green angiography, ultrasound biomicroscopy and head magnetic resonance, showing edema of the entire eyeball. Treatment with tropicamide and phenylephrine hydrochloride drops resulted in rapid recovery of the anterior chamber depth and disappearance of the choroidal effusion within 3 days.ConclusionsMultimodal imaging is useful for diagnosing drug-induced choroidal effusion by evaluating ocular conditions before and after treatment.

Закрытоугольная глаукома, иридохрусталиковый блок, цилиохориоидальная отслойка и транзиторная миопия на фоне приема топирамата

Topiramate is a sulphonamide derivative indicated in the treatment of epilepsy and migraine. In foreign scientific literature there are reported cases of topiramate-induced bilateral angle-closure glaucoma and acute myopia with ciliochoroidal effusion. Purpose. To evaluate outcomes of laser iridectomy in a patient with topiramate-induced angle-closure glaucoma and acute myopia with ciliochoroidal effusion. Material and methods. A case is reported of bilateral angle-closure glaucoma, iris-lens contact, ciliochoroidal detachment and acute myopia following topiramate for migraine treatment in a 32-year-old patient. Laser peripheral iridectomy was performed in the both eyes according to the standard technology (Nd:YAG laser Selecta Trio, Lumenis Ltd., Israel) to decrease IOP and restore visual functions. Results. After laser iridectomy, the examination showed normal IOP with no medication, ciliochoroidal effusion and induced myopic shift were relieved. Conclusion. Laser iridectomy is an effective and safe in the treatment of topiramate-induced angle-closure glaucoma, acute myopia, and ciliochoroidal detachment. It contributes to normalization of IOP and improvement of visual acuity. Key words: topiramate, angle-closure glaucoma, ciliochoroidal effusion, transient myopia.

Effect of reading with a mobile phone and text on accommodation in young adults

PurposeTo investigate the effects of reading with mobile phone versus text on accommodation accuracy and near work-induced transient myopia (NITM) and its subsequent decay during near reading in young adults with mild to moderate myopia.MethodsThe refractions of 31 young adults were measured with an open-field autorefractor (WAM-5500, Grand Seiko) for two reading tasks with a mobile phone and text at 33 cm. The mean age of the young adults was 24.35 ± 1.80 years. The baseline refractive aspects were determined clinically with full distance refractive correction in place. The initial NITM and its decay time and accommodative lag were assessed objectively immediately after binocularly viewing a mobile phone or text for 40 min.ResultsThe mean ± standard deviation (SD) initial NITM magnitude was greater for reading with text (0.23 ± 0.26 D) than for reading with mobile phone (0.12 ± 0.17 D), but there was no significant difference between the two reading tasks (p = 0.082). The decay time (median, first quartile, and third quartile) was 60 s (16, 154) and 70 s (32, 180) in the phone task and text task groups, respectively. There was also no significant difference in the decay time between the two reading types in general (p = 0.294). The accommodative lags of text tasks and mobile phones tasks were equivalent (1.27 ± 0.52 D vs 1.31 ± 0.64 D, p = 0.792).ConclusionThere were no significant differences in accommodative lags and the initial NITM and its decay time between reading with a mobile phone and text in young adults.

Nearwork-induced transient myopia and accommodation function before and after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis surgery.

Purpose:To assess the change in Near Induced Transient Myopia (NITM) and other accommodation parameters, before and after undergoing LASIK surgery for myopia correction.Methods:Twenty-nine myopic subjects were recruited from a tertiary eye hospital in India. Age range was 21 to 35 years with an average age of 26.1 ± 3.5 years. Mean spherical equivalent was –3.86 D ± 1.50 D presurgery. NITM, lag of accommodation, near point of convergence (NPC), accommodative amplitude (AA), and binocular near accommodative facility (AF) were measured. All data were collected 21 days prior to and 30 days after LASIK surgery.Results:NITM, lag of accommodation and amplitude of accommodation were significantly lower (NITM -0.05 ± 0.15, Lag 0.38 ± 0.38, AA 10.27 ± 2.24) after surgery when compared to before (NITM 0.26 ± 0.12, Lag 0.77 ± 0.51, AA 12.18 ± 2.02; P < 0.001). Accommodative facility increased and near point of convergence was significantly more distal following surgery (AF 10.70 ± 2.29, NPC 7.96 ± 1.63) when compared to prior (AF 8.65 ± 2.74, NPC 5.62 ± 1.71; P < 0.001).Conclusion:Significant changes in NITM and accommodation function should be expected in the short term following LASIK surgery. This study supports the importance of evaluating accommodative parameters and patient counselling prior to and following refractive surgery.

Clonazepam-induced acute bilateral transient myopia

Clonazepam belongs to the benzodiazepine group of drugs and has a quick onset and prolonged duration of action. It is frequently prescribed for treatment of anxiety disorder and panic attacks. Benzodiazepines are known to induce angle closure glaucoma in susceptible eyes but acute drug induced myopia is reported only with Chlordiazepoxide usage. We report the case of a 45-year-old woman who developed acute bilateral myopia after consumption of clonazepam which resolved completely after drug withdrawal.

Preventive Effectiveness of Distant-Image Screen Display Toward Accommodative Lag and Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia: A Self-Controlled Study

Preventive Effectiveness of Distant-Image Screen Display Toward Accommodative Lag and Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia: A Self-Controlled Study

Commentary: Nearwork-induced transient myopia - Is this the game changer?

Commentary: Nearwork-induced transient myopia - Is this the game changer?

Acute bilateral myopia induced by Triplixam: a case report

BackgroundSide effects of the systemic drugs used to treat eyes are not common. Triplixam is used to treat systemic hypertension and contains amlodipine, indapamide and perindopril arginine as active ingredients which might have induced the sudden myopia. The transient myopia with objective findings disappeared after the discontinuation of the drug.Case presentationA 33-year-old male presented to the emergency department with a history of blurred vision in both eyes. Development of myopia, lens thickening, choroidal effusion and retinal striae at the macula with the increase in macular thickness was observed in both eyes. These symptoms cleared completely after the drug was discontinued. Myopisation could have been caused by lens thickening and changing its refractive index as a result of allergic or idiosyncratic reaction of the ciliary body. Retinal striae may be caused by the volume effect of the choroidal effusion.ConclusionOur report describes the adverse effect of Triplixam, probably resulting from its ingredient indapamide. Although indapamide is a common drug used in the treatment of systemic hypertension, it is important for cardiologists, general practitioners and other physicians to be aware of the possible adverse effect of Triplixam.

The association between nearwork-induced transient myopia and progression of refractive error: A 3-year cohort report from Beijing Myopia Progression Study

PurposeTo investigate the natural change of nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM), and its association with the progression of refractive error. MethodsStudents of the Beijing Myopia Progression Study were examined at baseline and follow-up examinations, which included cycloplegic autorefraction. Initial NITM and its decay were assessed objectively immediately after binocularly-viewing and performing a sustained 5-minute near task (20 cm). ResultsThere were 223 students with both NITM and cycloplegic refractive data enrolled. There were 142 myopic (63.7%), 32 emmetropic (14.4%), and 49 hyperopic (22.0%) students according to their baseline cycloplegic refraction. The annual refractive change was −0.45 (−0.73, −0.21) D. From the baseline to the one-year and two-year follow-up periods, the initial NITM (median) increased significantly in the myopic students (0.16, 0.21, and 0.20D, p = 0.01, respectively). The overall proportion of NITM decay types shifted significantly from none being induced at baseline (non-induced: 17.0%, complete decay 57.4%, incomplete decay 25.6%) to incomplete decay at the 2-year follow-up (non-induced: 6.7%, complete decay 65.0%, incomplete decay 28.3%, p = 0.01). For the hyperopic students, after adjusting for risk factors, for every 1 diopter increase in the initial NITM at baseline, there was approximately a −1.48 diopter more relative myopic refractive progression (p = 0.01). No significant association was found between refractive change and the NITM parameters for either the myopic or emmetropic students after adjusting for the same confounders. However, this relation was significant in the hyperopes (p = 0.01). ConclusionNITM was only found to be significantly associated with the progression of a myopic refractive shift among the hyperopes.

Bilateral transient myopia induced by oral acetazolamide in the early postoperative period after phacoemulsification

A 62-year-old man with bilateral pseudophakia experienced transient myopia and diminished distant vision after administration of oral acetazolamide following his second cataract surgery. Neither eye demonstrated elevated intraocular pressure, closed angles, or choroidal detachments. The idiosyncratic myopic shift resolved within a few days without intervention and vision improved. This unique presentation and its role in understanding the mechanism of action underlying acetazolamide-induced myopia were examined.