Transformation Of Urban Space Research Articles

Internal Reserves of Cities: A New Approach to Assessing the Transformation of Urban Space under the Influence of Brownfields

Internal Reserves of Cities: A New Approach to Assessing the Transformation of Urban Space under the Influence of Brownfields

Chronological Analysis of The Ontological Sequence of The Neighborhood in Urban Physical Stratification; Şükran Neighborhood-Konya

The aim of this study is to understand the change in the spatial structure of Şükran district, which has been shaped by the concept of neighborhood from past to present in the urban memory of Konya. In this context, the stratification in the urban space with the historical stratification, the structure and road relationship that will be revealed together with the ontological structure of the neighborhood, and the evolution of the land subdivision form and situation over the years will be examined in detail. In this sense, the connection of the structure, which is expected to be completely changed in the future with the urban transformation of the neighborhood, which is located in the historical city center of Konya and where mainly dwellings are built, will be questioned and the systematic structure of the transformation will be investigated. As a result, questioning the transformation of urban spaces where the urban physical gradation continues is important in order to transfer urban memory to future generations. In line with these purposes, within the scope of the study, the ontological structure of the neighborhood will be questioned within the urban physical stratification that took place in the historical process, its formation in the city in unplanned and planned periods from the past to the present will be investigated in detail within the framework of the decisions taken by the city administrators and the changing regulations and a documentation will be done at the point of transferring the urban memory to the future.

Manoeuvring urban spaces in-between public and private: female agency in early-twentieth-century Gothenburg

ABSTRACT This article analyses female agency in early twentieth-century Gothenburg. It argues that female urban practices were a major catalyst for the transformation of urban space in the port city, which has traditionally been attributed to male-dominated activities in trade, industry and urban politics. Drawing on women’s personal memories and on insights offered by theoretical studies that consider gender and mobility as constitutive elements of urban space, the article focuses on women’s mobile practices in the rapidly changing industrial port city: on female migration, on how women navigated the labour market, and on their perception as home-makers. In doing so, it places particular emphasis on how women acted in the blurred boundaries between ‘public’ and ‘private’ spaces and thereby on one of the major ordering principles of urban life.

Zakat-based urban farming: A tool for poverty alleviation, community empowerment, financial inclusion, and food security

Purpose – This study introduces a zakat-based model aimed at poverty reduction and enhancing food security in urban settings. Drawing upon the principles of Islamic social finance, the model integrates urban farming with the utilization of zakat, charity, and corporate social responsibility funds, offering sustainable financial avenues for disadvantaged individuals and social enterprises. The primary objective of this research is to design and pilot test a practical model that not only generates consistent financial income, but also bolsters food security and advances financial inclusion. Methodology – This study reviews various models that have used Zakat funds for economic empowerment, conduct interviews, and hold focus group discussions. It proposes a zakat-based urban farming model for poverty alleviation and community empowerment using the theory of change. In collaboration with a leading Islamic bank in Malaysia, the model was pilot tested across selected residential communities in Malaysia. Finding – The research findings demonstrated positive impacts both at the individual participant level and within the broader community. Serving as a replicable blueprint, this project envisions the transformation of urban spaces into productive landscapes, thereby ensuring sustainable livelihood, amplifying food security, and promoting financial inclusion. Implication – Through this Zakat-based approach, the research underscores the profound impact of urban farming in catalyzing socio-economic change and advancing efforts towards poverty alleviation.Originality – No previous research has introduced and pilot-tested Zakat-based urban farming solutions for Islamic financial institutions as a tool for Poverty Alleviation and financial inclusion

The Elasticity of Space in Karen Tei Yamashita’s "Tropic of Orange"

Karen Tei Yamashita’s novel Tropic of Orange is a study of space shaped by history, urbanism, globalisation, and ecology. Yamashita explores the social injustice, urban, and environmental changes happening in postmodern and futuristic Los Angeles through seven characters and their respective storylines, narrated by various narrators with different styles. Most characters experience spatial and temporal distortions in their everyday lives, allowing them to try to understand the events unfolding around them. Yamashita depicts space as an organic, changeable, and elastic unity. I argue that by viewing space more holistically, Yamashita offers solutions to some of the overarching problems California has been facing for a long time, namely racism, displacement, class differences, transformation of urban space, violence, and the threat of ecological catastrophe. The convergence of space and time in the narrative, mixed with magic realist tropes, enables Yamashita to interrogate and critique the contemporary socio-economic conditions of the Latin American community in Los Angeles.

RELATIONS BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL AND NON-AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES ON FARMS LOCATED IN THE KRAKOW METROPOLITAN AREA

The aim of the article is to assess the impact of non-agricultural activities conducted by a farmer on his agricultural activity. The subject of the research were various forms of economic activity developed on agricultural farms located in communes in the urbanized area of the Krakow Metropolitan Area. Field research was conducted in 2020-2022 among entrepreneurs and municipal councilors of randomly selected 21 territorial units. As a result of increasing urbanization and increasingly stronger suburbanization, contemporary transformations of urban spaces have changed the relationship between metropolitan cores and their surroundings. The transfer of metropolitan functions to the suburban zone is increasingly changing the conditions and possibilities of shaping spatial systems, including rural areas. Owners of farms located in the zones of direct influence of large cities attempt to de-agriculturalize their business or make efforts to diversify it. The relationship between agriculture and non-agricultural economic activity in entities operating in the metropolitan area is thought-provoking. The research results have shown that in most cases, non-agricultural activities have a destructive impact on the agricultural production of farms located in Krakow’s impact zones.

Toward a Mutual Change of Religion and Urban Space: A Comparative Perspective

From a historical perspective, cities have served as more than mere locations where religious practices are observed; they have consistently exhibited an elevated level of historical documentation. The claim advanced here is that the interrelationship between religious change and urban development necessitates thorough analysis. It is imperative to critically examine the significant developments in local and trans-local religions, particularly emphasising their distinct urban contextual factors. At the same time, such urban conditions, the practices, and discourse that shape the understanding of these conditions as urban are not independent variables in the study of religious change. Rather, they are influenced by religious practices and individuals, thereby forming a reciprocal relationship. The choice of areas is an assumption that the pertinent aspect in establishing a connection is the spatial character of religious practices and ideas and their material manifestation in physical space. The article concisely examines various aspects related to the transformation of urban spaces and religious practices. These include the process of monumentalising urban areas and gods, the public display and the articulation of communication with God and gods, the imaginative and widespread utilisation of scripture in religious activities and thought, the increasing division of labour and professionalisation, the emergence of individual urban actors who are not solely defined by their ancestral lineage, the formation of religious groups, the religious organisation of time and the influence of temporal concepts on religious ideas and practices, and lastly, the conceptualisation of alternatives to urban life through the religious exaggeration of rural and natural environments. Such a cursory review of religious changes in urban settings and their impact on urbanism does not yield any definitive assertions on these developments. However, the collective evidence confirms the effectiveness of the presented approach.

Transformation of Urban Space before and after the Greek Revolution

This article aims to uncover the links between the 1821 Greek Revolution and the transformation of the social topography and landscape in Mega Revma (Arnavutköy), a Bosphorus village with a large Greek Orthodox population. In the eyes of the sultan, the Phanariots were the ones who “misled the loyal Greek reaya to rebel against their rightful sovereign”. Thus, it is not surprising that Mega Revma, as a centre of Phanariot life, was a place transformed by the crisis of 1821. The processes of social and religious restructuring of Mega Revma took place in two main phases. While the first phase (1821–1828) consisted of more violent and immediate responses to the revolution, the second phase was a long process that aimed to Islamise the village using conciliatory measures and building projects.

Smart City Approaches to Public Spaces and Services during and after COVID-19: Case Studies in Four Capital Cities

COVID-19 pandemic was reported to modify people’s behaviour in using public spaces and accessing services. This fact has become a critical input related to future city development strategies, space arrangements, and the implementation of smart city. Therefore, this study aims to 1) Identify efforts in several cities during COVID-19 pandemic, specifically concerning the use of public spaces and services, and 2) Compile the outlines of future urban planning strategies after the pandemic. The aspects related to the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), space arrangement, and urban environment are discussed. The analysis is based on case studies in four capital cities, namely Jakarta, Paris, Bucharest, and Canberra. Furthermore, field observations and in-depth interviews are used to emphasize changes in the function and use of public spaces and services during and after the pandemic. The result shows that differences and common elements configure the transformations of urban spaces since changes in the use of public spaces are closely connected to efforts to combat the pandemic. Meanwhile, in public services, changes are associated with the increasing use of ICT and Internet of Things (IoT). In the future, cities need to show their visions according to the local conditions supporting better spatial arrangement and management of urban environment due to ICT and IoT prominence.

Theatre as a place of experimentation with space

The space of the city and the space of the theater stage have a lot in common. Transformations of urban spaces have much more limitations than experiments with stage space. The article presents a comparative analysis of two avant-garde trends of the early twentieth century in the theater and, in parallel, in architecture. It is shown that Brecht’s epic theater and Bauhaus architecture were strongly influenced by Spengler’s pessimistic ideas. The Meyerhold Theater and the constructivist movement, on the contrary, are based on the ideas of social optimism. Using the example of the modern city of Amman (the capital of Jordan) and the Al-Shams Theater, it is shown that the choice between depressive and optimistic development paths remains relevant today.

(Un)conventional monuments and transformist identities in the global south: the case of the ice cream and the tuna monuments in Ecuador

ABSTRACT This article explores the construction of local monuments in Ecuador and their role in transforming space and identity narratives in order to enter into the global economy. My analysis of two structures, The Ice Cream and The Tuna, which I conceptualise as (un)conventional monuments, focuses on three aspects: the planning and construction process, their relation to the space in which they are situated, and their role in processes of identity narrative construction. As a result of a multidisciplinary analysis that includes field observation, in-depth interviews, and the analysis of documents pertaining to the design and implementation of the structures, I argue that the monuments’ transformation of urban space is not so much a reflection of the local community features as of the authorities’ desire for legitimacy in the eyes of foreign and local visitors in an economic globalised context.

Transformation of Urban Space for the Elderly During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Relevance. In this study, based on empirical data, the features of meanings and the role of spaces, solidarity with space for the older during the COVID-19 pandemic are considered.The purpose is to study how the urban space of St. Petersburg for the older changes during the pandemic, how difficulties, inequalities and barriers arise in the urban space for this category of citizens, how the meanings of the spaces familiar to it change.Objectives. The object of the study is older people — residents of a large metropolis, St. Petersburg. The subject of the study: assessment of the urban environment and features of solidarity with the space of the older. The objectives of the study are to study the peculiarities of transformations of urban spaces in the lives of older people during the COVID-19 pandemic and the peculiarities of the older themselves understanding such transformations.Methodology. The research methods are: interviews-conversations with older people. The informants of the study are older people of different ages, from 65 to 86 years old, living in the old and new districts of St. Petersburg. Results. Based on interviews with older residents of cities, we were able to identify and identify key features in the framework of the interaction of older people with urban spaces. Among the main problems that older people noted in interviews is the loss of the instrumental capabilities of the city itself, namely the availability of pharmacies and shops, as well as the emergence of various fears associated with the possibility of contracting a new coronavirus infection when interacting with people during visits to shops and other public places.Conclusions. The older age in a limited and closed urban space becomes a kind of frame that sets special conditions for the perception of urban spaces as maximally closed and unfriendly for the older. The total transformation of the meanings of familiar spaces as the attachment of older people to urban spaces is becoming more pronounced and obvious, and the key in this case is that new solidarity and new practices are emerging within the most narrowed and most accessible spaces.

A non-existent cemetery: The memory of Germans in today’s Belgrade

This article demonstrates the post-World War II conflict of memory in Serbia, as manifested in the transformation of urban space in the post-war decades. The authors focus foremost on Zemun, a district of Belgrade which, between the mid-nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, was home to a significant German population. The term ‘memoryscape’ (Sławomir Kapralski) is used to discuss changes in the urban fabric. Post-war manipulations of space, based on the ideological foundation of brotherhood and unity, and treating members of the German nation as collectively responsible for the war, resulted in the erasure of all traces of German presence in Zemun. The article describes the Zemun conflict of memory using the example of a German cemetery that was liquidated by the authorities after World War II. In the 1950s, a hospital was erected on the site of the former necropolis, and the area functions nowadays as a difficult-to-access ‘non-site of memory’ (Roma Sendyka). The tombstones from the destroyed cemetery were used to build the stairs leading to Kalwarija Park. For decades, this fact was treated as an urban legend, but its authenticity was confirmed when fragments of grave inscriptions were discovered on the slabs used in the stairs during renovation. Kalwarija Park itself constitutes a remnant of the German Catholic heritage of this area, now dominated by Orthodox residents.

Territorial identity of the population as a factor an consequence of social participation

The main objective of the article is to demonstrate the correlation between the lev el of territorial identity of the population and the development of social participation practices. The theory and methodology of the study is based on the works of foreign scientists T. Banini, R. Capello, U. Panzer, who prove the pronounced active position of the population with a high level of territorial identity, and on the concept of “the right to the city” by H. Lefebvre, presented in Russian realities in the works by I.A. Skalaban, E.S. Kochukhova, V.S. Martyanova, E. A. Terentyeva. The main hypothesis of the study: the population with a high level of territorial identity declares its “right to the city” through the practices of social participation, that are manifested mostly in the field of urban space planning, inclusion in the practices of participatory management. In turn, practices of social participation at the local level strengthen territorial identity and boost formation of the attachment to the place of residence. Information collection method: mass survey of the population of the city of Cherepovets, Vologda Region, based on a quota sampling of the population over 18 years old according to the gender and age structure of the city. According to the results of an empirical study, it was proved that the population with a higher level of territorial identity has a significantly greater presence of informal participation practices, especially those related to the transformation of urban space. The practices of helping behaviour are most clearly expressed and the involvement in the activities of public city organisations is more common. It was proved with the help of dispersion analysis that population groups with different levels of social participation practices statistically differ in terms of the level of territorial identity.

Efektivitas Pertanian Perkotaan (Urban Farming) dalam Mitigasi Urban Heat Island di Kawasan Perkotaan

Title: The Effectiveness of Urban Farming for Urban Heat Island Mitigation in Urban Areas Urban farming and greenery are the emerging idea in maintaining a sustainable environment in term of economic, social, and environmental aspects. The existence of urban farming is primarily aimed to maintaining food security for the community, especially in the pandemic crisis. Moreover, the high rate of urbanization also affects the transformation of urban space, which is one of the factors causing climate change. The integration of vegetation in urban area is considered to be a strategy to maintain the quality of the microclimate and reducing the intensity of the urban heat island. This study aims to observe the effectiveness of urban farming/greenery in maintaining the microclimate quality at District of Tompeyan Yogyakarta, which is well known for their urban farming integrated inside the residential areas. Using field measurement and simulation methods, the results show that the vegetation in the outdoor space have a significant impact, especially related to surface temperature and air temperature. The simulation using ENVI-MET shows that there is an increase in the thermal comfort index in the areas with vegetation, although it has not yet reached the ideal value. This represents how the role of vegetation in urban heat island mitigation to provide a comfortable and sustainable environment. The study can be further developed regarding the impact of other physical elements on microclimate to be the foundation for spatial planning recommendations.

Conceptual Approach to Managing the Development of Creative Industries in Second-Tier Industrial Cities

Relevance. In contemporary urban development, knowledge and creativity play pivotal roles in transforming cities into instruments for increased attractiveness, economic growth, and citizen well-being. Despite this recognition, second-tier cities face challenges due to the lack of a comprehensive concept for managing creative industries. The creative economy, proven effective in various countries, holds potential solutions to address accumulated issues. Research objective. This study aims to conceptualize the management of the creative sector in second-tier industrial cities, fostering their revitalization and transformation into growth zones. Data and methods. The empirical focus includes 14 creative clusters in old industrial second-tier cities of the Urals and Siberia in Russia. The study constructs a typology delineating five types of creative cluster formation, based on public-private sector interaction. Content analysis examines research literature and is complemented by a systematic approach. Results. The article systematizes the most pivotal problems in the management of creative industries' development and shows the importance of addressing institutional and coordination issues. Types of creative cluster formation are identified based on the degree of interaction between the public and private sectors in the development of creative industries. Two key types of creative cluster formation—initiative-based and dependent—are identified through case studies. The study formulates a conceptual approach to managing creative industries in second-tier industrial cities. Conclusions. The management of creative industries in second-tier cities deserves to be acknowledged as a distinct area of management. Development of creative industries requires a systematic state support system and a well-defined strategy. Local authorities play a crucial role in this process, acting as focal points for cooperative efforts through regulatory innovations in urban creative industries. Key instruments for effective policy implementation include the transformation of urban spaces, establishment of creative clusters, provision of grants to support small businesses, and stimulation of export activities.

Smart cities as centers of interregional cooperation

In modern science, the study of digitalization and digital transformation in spatial socio-economic systems, among which urban and regional agglomerations are the most complex ones, plays a special role. The paper considers scientific publications devoted to the problems of smart city development. Russian practices of smart city development are investigated in comparison with the world leaders in urban space digitalization. Based on the analysis of the achieved level of digital transformation of urban space and development of “smart city” technologies in the cities-leaders in the development of “smart” technologies in the subjects of the Russian Federation in 2021, the issue of scaling promising technologies and successful practices from urban to the level of regional space is being considered. The prospects of integrating the smart city as a point of digital development of regional space into the system of inter-regional interactions of digital regions are disclosed.

ВПЛИВ ЄВРОПЕЙCЬКОЇ СТРАТЕГІЇ ЗГУРТОВАНОСТІ НА ДЕЯКІ АСПЕКТИ ЕСТЕТИКИ МІСЬКОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА

The article examines the issue of the influence of the European cohesion policy on approaches to the urban environment and assessing its quality. A number of parameters that determine various aspects of urban space transformation in the context of cohesion policy are analyzed. An assessment of the already existing experience of interpreting public areas is given, both from the point of view of functional efficiency and from the point of view of their aesthetic value. Some directions of the cohesion strategy which influence changes in the value perceptions of the urban space are outlined. The purpose of the article is to determine the likely impact of the European cohesion strategy on the transformation of ideas about the aesthetics of the urban environment. Three directions related to the impact of cohesion policy on the transformation of ideas about the urban environment aesthetics are outlined. They can be defined by: anti-segregation, joint action and topo-solidarity. The first of them is related to a positive reassessment of various forms of openness and interaction. Spaces of common presence, previously separated groups, become a key factor in the value determination of the urban fabric. Elements of virtual and augmented reality, as well as temporary and portable structures, media facades, etc., can be involved in their creation. Traditional means of spatial planning can be perceived as an undesirable rudiment of the urban environment. The second actualizes the concept of aesthetics as maximum variety in a minimum area, primarily pedestrian accessibility. Therefore, homogeneous “ensembles” characteristic of the 20th century are losing their value. The third is related to the creation of city-wide symbols that would reflect the nature of a new type of city-wide solidarity. They have an inclusive nature for positive perception by representatives of the entire multifaceted urban community. It was determined that the change of ideas about the aesthetics of the city under the influence of the cohesion strategy should be considered in conjunction with other phenomena of the transition from the industrial to the information society. The ensemble and rhythmicity of the general masses, the sectoral distribution of territories are gradually giving way to mosaicism and diversity as compositional and functional components. Expanding the category of choice within the pedestrian accessibility zone, freeing the space from barriers and exclusions of various types will be combined with the desire to create universal images – symbols of a new common for all residents of the city, regardless of ethno-confessional and social background.

Perception Against

The paper seeks to contribute to critical reflection on recent trends in cultural anthropology, the humanities more generally, and ongoing transformations of urban space. The first part of the paper explores the genealogy of two crucial anthropological approaches to “the life of the senses,” anthropology of the senses, and sensory anthropology, outlines their relationship to so-called walking methodologies, and relates them to the recent upsurge of research in atmospheres. The second part presents selected topics from the described fields in Ljubljana. More specifically, the paper deals with how, during sensobiographic walking through the historical city center, Ljubljančani and Ljubljančanke experienced what “atmospheric transformations” ushered in by Ljubljana’s annual December celebrations/festivities. The authors conclude that concepts and epistemological frameworks produced or implicated in the anthropology of the senses/sensory anthropology, as well as in walking methodologies and atmospheric studies, engender an examination of sensory dimensions of politics and economy in late capitalism but are appropriated in a reified form for purposes of capital accumulation.

Implementing bicycle-friendly transport policies: Examining the effect of an infrastructural intervention on residents’ perceived quality of urban life in Frankfurt, Germany

In recent years, many European cities have developed strategies to improve the quality of urban life by reducing car traffic and increasing the attractiveness of alternative modes and the built environment for residents. Frequently, at least in German cities, improvements to the cycling infrastructures play a key role in this transformation of urban spaces. One of those transformative interventions took place in 2020 in Frankfurt am Main (Germany). The city redesigned an arterial road close to the city centre, the Friedberger Landstrasse, by converting two car lanes to bicycle lanes. It is the aim of this study to analyse the effects of this change on the quality of urban life of its residents using a quantitative before-and-after study. The results demonstrate the expected improvements in the perceived quality of urban life for residents after the intervention. A more detailed analysis, however, shows that the residents’ perceptions vary according to their own mode use on the Friedberger Landstrasse and other sociodemographic characteristics. Thus, better cycling infrastructure does not only improve conditions for cyclists, but also contributes to a higher quality of urban life for residents and, therefore, improves the liveability of a city in two ways. We conclude that local transport policies are not only relevant for a modal shift, but also for the quality of urban life and, thus, related urban development strategies.