Housing Transformation Research Articles

Anthropometry and Ergonomic of Bale Sakenem (Case Study: Central Singapadu Village, Gianyar)

The Bale Sakenem is one of the buildings located within the Balinese traditional house setting. The development and transformation of the Sakenem bale house are influenced by many factors including high demand, lack of qualified labor, time and work management system resulting in high intervention of Balinese builders (Undagi) on the implementation of the Bale Sakenem development.This research is an observational research using cross-sectional design. The study measures a sample of "Sakenem" house bale that measures in accordance with anthropometry from homeowners. The sample of the people in this study were Owners/home users who owned the Bale "Sakenem" House that met the inclusion criteria. Samples were randomly selected using cluster random sampling method.The results of this second-year study showed that 55% of the sample of people were comfortable with the high suitability of their own "sakenem" bale house structure while 81% of the sample people felt better comfort against the bale-bale of bale "sakenem" intervention house. The convenience of high listplank also known that as many as 66% comfort felt from the high listplank house bale "sakenem" intervention. And as many as 52% chose comfort and suitability of high sakenem "sakenem" saka house height which only slightly comparison with high saka bale "sakenem" control i.e. 48%. The height of the bale "sakenem" intervention is 76 cm and the average height from waist to toe of the user of bale "sakenem" house in the village of Singapadu Tengah Gianyar is 75.75 cm which means that the height of the rod indicates the height which is not ideal and cause inconvenience. The height of bale-bale from bale house "sakenem" is 67 cm and the average height from waist to tip of user heel bale "sakenem" in the village of Singapadu Tengah Gianyar is 75.75 cm which can be analyzed that the user can easily rise to the top of bale- bale and create comfort and security. High saka in bale house "sakenem" that is 195 cm and the average height of bale house owner "sakenem" measured from the tip of the head to the tip of the heel is 165.45 cm which means that the height of saka is still included in the criteria of comfort.

Chaskin, R. J., & Joseph, M. L. (2015). Integrating the inner city: The promise and perils of mixed-income public housing transformation

Chaskin, R. J., & Joseph, M. L. (2015). Integrating the inner city: The promise and perils of mixed-income public housing transformation

Settlement in Transition: a Transformation of a Village into a Small Town in Western Sudan

UN-Habitat projects Sub-Saharan Africa’s global share of the urban population to increase from 11.3% in 2010 to 20.2% by 2050. Yet little is documented about the underlying urbanization processes, particularly of emergence of small towns. This article uses household interviews, focus groups, observation, and secondary data to examine the spontaneous transformation of a western Sudanese village, Shubbola, into a small town. We use changes in building construction approach, materials, and style as an indicator of development and provide rare documentation of the process, the main actors, choices taken, timescales, and outcomes of the rapid urbanization of Shubbola between 2006 and 2013. Housing transformation was variable but involved a gradual process of replacing traditional non-durable building materials (wood and straw) with modern durable ones (sun- or fire-cured bricks, cement blocks, and metal roofs). Unlike traditional top-down models of urbanization generally driven by government investment, Shubbola epitomizes an organic, bottom-up process dependent on self-reliance and agriculture development fueled by remittances from urban-based relatives. While many small towns with similar origins fail to do so, Shubbola already provided important urban services to its inhabitants and surrounding rural areas. The study enhances understanding of small towns and underlying urbanization processes and their contribution to often neglected bottom-up, low-cost processes that do not fit traditional top-down models. It also contributes to literature and policy on sustainable cities and their role in sustainable development as encapsulated in UN Sustainable Development Goal 11. The study contributes to understanding the processes and implications of rapid urbanization in the Sudan and Africa and other world regions.

The organizational challenges of mixed-income development: privatizing public housing through cross-sector collaboration

One of the largely undocumented dimensions of public housing transformation in the United States is the multi-sector, multi-organizational collaborations whose charge is to manage the local implementation of mixed-income developments. In Chicago, private real estate developers entered into partnerships with the Chicago Housing Authority to finance, design, build, and manage the new developments. Key topics considered in this paper include the structures and processes of new organizational working relationships that have been established, how they are evolving over time, and the key operational challenges confronted in creating and sustaining them. We argue that these cross-sector collaborations within the context of the privatization of public housing generate complex organizational roles and dynamics that would benefit from far greater intentionality, clarity, and support to promote effectiveness and accountability.

Experimental and numerical investigation of the effects of wind exposure on historical towns

The Italian territory has a particularly rich cultural landscape, being composed of about 20.000 historic towns and villages, identified as “minor” only because of their relatively small dimension in comparison with the large cities. Many of these urban centers, especially in the southern Lazio, have not undergone the dynamic housing transformation, typical of other old towns, such as abandonment, replacement of the inhabitants with the inclusion of new social classes, or reuse of all or part for tourist-commercial purpose. It would seem that they have retained a “modus vivendi” antinomical of the non-places of contemporary cities, preserving a high social quality of aggregative life within urban arrangements characterized by a strong aesthetic identity. However, most of them are suffering significant degradation due to intrinsic reasons, such as the characteristics of the materials and the quality of construction, or external anthropogenic or environmental factors, such as, respectively, the lack of maintenance, humidity, solar irradiation and wind exposure. Often, the impact of these factors is compounded by the geographical position where these urban centers are located. In fact, many settlements arose and flourished in the Middle Ages, as result of the aggregation of minor architecture grown spontaneously. While, on one hand their original urban composition and the strong empathetic relationship with the natural environment represent an indubitable aesthetic value, they also are among the factors of major vulnerability. Frequently, the degradation of buildings facades has to be sought in the planimetric morphology of roads, forming street canyons where powerful wind channels are conveyed. Alveolization of natural stones or detachment of plaster are triggered by the erosive capacity of the wind enhanced by the development of mold and plants induced by the detainment of water and the low solar irradiation. The analysis of the environmental context is a fundamental step for the preservation of the historic buildings and for the whole project of restoration. In the present research this study is performed on a village (Borgo San Rocco) located in the southern Lazio. In particular, in the present paper the authors present the results of a wider research activity aimed at experimentally and numerically investigate historic buildings degradation due to wind exposure. The air velocity field and the viscous stresses in correspondence of the building walls of the Borgo San Rocco village have been numerically investigated by means of modern Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques. Validation of the numerical results is obviously crucial. Velocity field, Reynolds stresses and wall viscous stresses significantly depend on the basic assumptions employed and on the turbulence mathematical modelling approach adopted. In order to validate the employed numerical tool a scaled model of part of the Borgo San Rocco Village has been realized with a 3D printer and the air velocity field about the model has been experimentally investigated in the wind tunnel available at the Laboratory of Industrial Measurements (LaMI) of the University of Cassino employing the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). A proper uncertainty analysis has been conducted to evaluate the measurement uncertainty affecting experiments. Measurements conducted at the LaMI have been numerically reproduced in order to validate the adopted CFD tool. The validated model will be applied to the simulation of the full-size Borgo San Rocco village in order to analytically correlate buildings degradation to local wind velocity and wall viscous stresses.

부지와 서비스, 자조주택의 한국적 변용 : 세계은행의 광주권 지역개발사업을 중심으로

부지와 서비스, 자조주택의 한국적 변용 : 세계은행의 광주권 지역개발사업을 중심으로

Housing transformation and livelihood outcomes in Accra, Ghana

New trends in urban growth in Accra have put many poor households at a detriment, and there is a growing fragility that threatens the economic and social balance of residence in public estates resulting in many transforming their residence to cope and as a new form of urban resilience. This study examines housing transformation and livelihood outcomes in one of Ghana's largest low cost government estates, constructed in 1975 in Accra. The authors collected field data using questionnaires, interviews, observations and field pictures. The study revealed that housing transformation in public estates are a strategy to address shortfalls' associated with the physical design, structure and construction paucities, especially in living space, lifestyle and size, and for addressing pecuniary and livelihood challenges through home-based enterprises. Household needs and household assets were the significant factors affecting transformations. This study is important for policy making in developing countries because it provides a basis for policy implementation for urban and regional planners. Housing and building policies must be swotted to reflect the effort of local performance in housing supply and livelihoods. Housing design and construction must also be realistic to the current needs, lifestyle and resource availability of low-income households instead of relying on passé colonial regulations which are inappropriate for current living conditions.

To Tenant: Situating the Realtor Within

Abstract Under the guise of national and international capital flows, Vancouverites are reconstituted in the image of real estate speculation. This emerging subjectivity is a lens through which homelessness is criminalized, poverty is rationalized, and disruption is fetishized. This photo-essay steps into this gaze, offering a critical perspective on the transformation of housing from a discourse of rights to the language of finance.

What ever happened to asset-based welfare? Shifting approaches to housing wealth and welfare security

This paper contributes to current debates by reframing recent transformations in housing, policy and property equity in terms of a transfigured asset-based welfare regime. The analysis thereby advances earlier, more descriptive evaluations of asset-based welfare and challenges suggestions that its relevance has faded since the global financial crisis. We argue, drawing on the UK as a case with broad international salience, that the home has become even more central as an asset base of individual welfare since the global financial crisis, yet under distorted conditions of access and distribution, with housing wealth polarisation undermining financial inclusion and welfare security more broadly.

Robert J. Chaskin and Mark L. Joseph 2015: Integrating the Inner City: The Promise and Perils of Mixed‐income Public Housing Transformation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Robert J. Chaskin and Mark L. Joseph 2015: <i>Integrating the Inner City: The Promise and Perils of Mixed‐income Public Housing Transformation</i>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

:Integrating the Inner City: The Promise and Perils of Mixed-Income Public Housing Transformation

:<i>Integrating the Inner City: The Promise and Perils of Mixed-Income Public Housing Transformation</i>

Women and LoW-income Housing TransformaTion in uganda

The article explores the transformations low-income women make to appropriate their housing that often goes unnoticed. The aim is to document, acknowledge and make low-income women's efforts to appropriate their housing visible. Lessons learned are assumed to inform the Ugandan low-income housing discourse on design considerations that can contribute to the provision of housing designs that are conducive to low-income women. The study confines its investigation to the housing designs provided under the governmental low-income housing projects in Uganda.This article presents results from a case study on Masese Women Housing Project MWHP that targeted women as its main beneficiaries. Post Occupancy Evaluations POE methodology was utilised to collect data on the performance of the housing designs provided by the project and the transformations women make to increase their housing appropriateness. Open-ended interviews were carried out with women owners to investigate the transformations they apply to their houses. Results are documented through photography, sketches and measured drawings. Results are synthesised and analysed under outdoors and indoors transformations.The study confirmed the substantial contribution low-income women make to appropriate their housing. It argues for acknowledging and including women's efforts in the Ugandan low-income housing discourse to support the provision of housing designs that are more user-friendly to them. Design considerations that are essential to attain low-income women convenience with their housing are: its capacity to accommodate women's triple roles, their potential for incremental development and their ability for segmentation into autonomous housing units to allow for their flexible, economic and functional use. The study advocates for directing efforts to the development of traditional building technologies instead of introducing improved but alien ones as an alternative that is more favourable to women.

Socialist architecture in Mao's model village: a case study of Qinyong Village in Ningbo

In the context of current drives for the renewal and conservation of rural Chinese villages, socialist villages developed under Mao Zedong's tenure as Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (1949–1976) seem have been marginalised. This research selects one of Mao's model villages, Qinyong in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, as a case study. Through historical and on-site research, this article articulates and analyses the transformation of the village landscape from the early socialist period to the latest renovation in 2014. Focussing in particular on the transformation of the village's housing from the 1970s to the 1990s, the article tries to identify historical conditions of social, political and economic organisation embedded in the physical forms. By juxtaposing the recent planning and renovation of the village with its past, the discussion of the village's architectural heritage is intended to cast some light on key aspects of village preservation and revitalisation in rural China.

Need for adaptation: transformation of temporary houses.

Building permanent accommodation after a disaster takes time for reasons including the removal of debris, the lack of available land, and the procurement of resources. In the period in-between, affected communities find shelter in different ways. Temporary houses or transitional shelters are used when families cannot return to their pre-disaster homes and no other alternative can be provided. In practice, families stay in a standard interim solution for months or even years while trying to return to their routines. Consequently, they adapt their houses to meet their midterm needs. This study analysed temporary houses in Chile and Peru to illustrate how families modify them with or without external support. The paper underlines that guidance must be given on how to alter them safely and on how to incorporate the temporary solution into the permanent structure, because families adapt their houses whether or not they are so designed.

Reform of housing-and-communal services at the federal, regional and municipal levels of management, as the basis of improvement of communication of the state and its population

The matters of housing and communal services institutional transformations, the role of the state, as guarantor of constitutional rights and freedoms to each citizen on worthy housing, by means of realization of state mechanisms at each level of management are considered in the article. The historical development of the housing market can be considered through the system of institutional changes with respect to the development of the economy and enhancement of the infrastructure. Institutes represent the rules, mechanisms providing their accomplishment, and standards of behavior which structure the repeating interactions among citizens. It becomes obvious that the institutes determine and limit the set of alternatives which are available for each economic actor, they include all forms of the restrictions created by people to give a certain structure to human relations. However it is also important to understand that institutes, being standard restrictions, create opportunities which members of the society have, thanks to the fact that the same institutes reduce uncertainty, structuring activities of individuals. The set of the formal and informal institutes created in economy represents the institutional environment.

The Social Transformation of Large Housing Estates in Poland at the Turn of the 21st Century

Large housing estates make up an essential portion of the housing stock in the urban structure of Polish cities. It was expected that large housing estates in Poland might experience social decline in the 1990s, but several research projects conducted in the estates did not identify any increase in social degradation. This article examines the social structure of the residents of large housing estates in Poland and identifies the main trends in current social changes. The time frame of ongoing transformations in the social structure was set around the turn of the 21st century. This analysis is based on Polish 1988 and 2002 National Census data, the Polish PESEL population database (2011), and the author's survey data (2010-2012). Research was conducted in seven housing estates in fi ve Polish cities or towns (Poznań, Kraków, Tarnów, Dzierżoniów, and Żyrardów) and focused on analysing the sizes and types of households and their economic situation and the social structure of the estates. Results showed that large housing estates continue to have a heterogeneous social structure and to resist social deprivation processes. Depending on the period when a particular estate was built it is possible to observe distinctive features of housing estates, such as social structure renewal in housing estates from the 1950s and 1960s, residential ageing in those from the 1970s, and the risk of an exodus of young residents from estates from the 1980s. Those shared problems may soon become decisive for the future development of large estates.

U.S. Public–Housing Transformations and the Housing Publics Lost in Transition

For several decades now an era of dismantling traditional, place–based public housing developments has emerged. Our essay draws upon sociological and geographical thought to argue for a more critical understanding of this process which welcomed in the expansion of government policies to build public–private mixed–income housing developments as a way to improve the lives of impoverished public housing households. Yet, only a modest portion of the original residents forced to relocate have actually benefited from these redevelopments. We document how public housing in the United States has always been approached by the State and private market interests with apprehension. The primary purpose is to provide a diagnostic perspective focusing on the promise of mixed–income policies to provide its stated opportunities and what got lost in transition. Urban scholars have critiqued the transformation of public housing developments as being constitutive of neoliberal urbanism and the privatization of the commons. However, equally important is a broader understanding of how the neoliberal project has been underwritten by mainstream social norms and assumptions about poverty and income mix, as well as the edict that the private market could adequately “fix” the social problems associated with traditional public housing.

Public Housing Transgression

Fraser and Oakley have provided a compelling review of the hazards of the current public housing transformation project. I really appreciate their critical read on both the policy framework and its assumptions and how it has been implemented along with some specific guidance. On this last point, I particularly think it is important to consider the gravity of their observation that the “relationship between the state and the academy has been truncated as alternative perspectives offered by urban scholars critical of such initiatives have been largely dismissed or marginalized in policy circles.” As such an urban scholar, I agree with the statement. However, I do not think the authors have pushed this point nearly far enough if their goal really is “decoupling housing as a right from one's position in a capitalist society.” To do that I argue that we as urban scholars need to not only be critical of policy but also of the policy research that sustains this relationship as well.

Development Implications of Ceded Lands by the Cameroon Development Corporation on Fako Division- South West Region of Cameroon from 1960 to 2010

The availability of Surrendered lands has enormously facilitated the process of transformation and development of Fako Division in the South West Region of Cameroon from a predominantly underdeveloped rural and agricultural oriented society in the latter half of the 20th Century to a developed urban society. This is visible in terms of expansion in the quantity and quality of residential neighborhoods, health and educational establishments. The significant contribution of surrendered land to the urbanisation process of Fako has once again secured an important place for land in planning and development discourse of the division in particular and Cameroon in general. Using the traditional social science methodology, primary data was collected from the Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC). The data was analysed and presented using a map, table and pie charts. Findings suggest that the expansion and growth in neighborhoods accompanied by a transformation from congested, squalid neighborhoods of substandard housing is an outcome of the availability of new territory surrendered by the large scale plantation company (CDC) to the population for modern investment structures. The transformation in housing has improved health care standard. Such housing development zones have enhanced educational and health standards, through the creation of numerous hospital and schools which have had a combined positive developmental effects on the division. However, to ensure sustainability in surrendered lands, a holistic planning approach must be factored into the developmental strategies of Fake to enhance the efforts of the traditional authorities before, during and after the process of land cessation. KEY WORD: Development Implications, Surrendered Lands, Land Use, Fako Division, CDC.

La Revolución silenciosa

&lt;p&gt;La modificación del rol femenino dentro de la sociedad fue determinante durante los inicios del siglo XX. Las mujeres y su relación con la ciudad, su presencia en territorios más allá de las paredes del hogar, junto con la adopción de los avances tecnológicos, hicieron que ellas fueran promotoras activas de las ideas de la modernidad. El impacto se vio reflejado principalmente en la rápida transformación de la vivienda moderna y la aparición de nuevos géneros arquitectónicos. Todo ello se vio expresado en la prensa mexicana.&lt;/p&gt;