Transfer Of Children Research Articles

Investigating Perception to Production Transfer in Children With Cochlear Implants: A High Variability Phonetic Training Study.

This study builds upon an established effective training method to investigate the advantages of high variability phonetic identification training for enhancing lexical tone perception and production in Mandarin-speaking pediatric cochlear implant (CI) recipients, who typically face ongoing challenges in these areas. Thirty-two Mandarin-speaking children with CIs were quasirandomly assigned into the training group (TG) and the control group (CG). The 16 TG participants received five sessions of high variability phonetic training (HVPT) within a period of 3 weeks. The CG participants did not receive the training. Perception and production of Mandarin tones were administered before (pretest) and immediately after (posttest) the completion of HVPT via lexical tone recognition task and picture naming task. Both groups participated in the identical pretest and posttest with the same time frame between the two test sessions. TG showed significant improvement from pretest to posttest in identifying Mandarin tones for both trained and untrained speech stimuli. Moreover, perceptual learning of HVPT significantly facilitated trainees' production of T1 and T2 as rated by a cohort of 10 Mandarin-speaking adults with normal hearing, which was corroborated by acoustic analyses revealing improved fundamental frequency (F0) median for T1 and T2 production and enlarged F0 movement for T2 production. In contrast, TG children's production of T3 and T4 showed nonsignificant changes across two test sessions. Meanwhile, CG did not exhibit significant changes in either perception or production. The results suggest a limited and inconsistent transfer of perceptual learning to lexical tone production in children with CIs, which challenges the notion of a robust transfer and highlights the complexity of the interaction between perceptual training and production outcomes. Further research on individual differences with a longitudinal design is needed to optimize the training protocol or tailor interventions to better meet the diverse needs of learners.

Nerve Transfers in Children with Non-traumatic Amyoplasia

The treatment of obstetric brachial plexus palsy through primary reconstruction and nerve transfers has been established in the past decades. In the case of non-traumatic diseases that lead to flaccid paralysis and the inability to move the extremities, such as transverse myelitis (TM) or arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC), which can have a wide variety of causes, the focus has been on rehabilitative therapy so far, while surgical interventions have been used to a lesser extent, e. g., in the form of osteotomies or muscle transfers. Our aim is to establish nerve transfers as a surgical option to improve mobility in non-traumatic amyoplasia. This work presents the needs-adapted treatment of a total of 23 patients (aged 4 months to 64 months, 18 with AMC and 5 with TM) using nerve transfers on the upper extremity. We were able to show that early nerve transfers in the upper extremity enabled the reanimation of muscles in both AMC and TM. This work shows that the treatment of non-traumatic amyoplasia in children with selective nerve grafts is a successful method. Nerve transfers allow patients to gain or regain important functions for managing independent everyday life. The surgical methods have been established in the treatment of traumatic nerve injuries. They are well-known and can be carried out safely. We believe that this is an important treatment option for paediatric patients with paralysis associated with TM or AMC, which should also be known to the treating physicians.

Analysis on the Role of Picture Books in Children's Cognitive Development Education

Picture books have been a staple in children's literature for centuries, with the earliest known examples dating back to the 15th century. These books are designed to engage young readers through a combination of words and pictures, to develop literacy skills and promote cognitive development. Picture books are an important tool for teaching young children new words and concepts as well as providing them with education. Numerous studies have investigated the effects that reading aloud together has on the relationships that develop between parents and children. A brand-new line of research has recently been initiated to investigate the qualities of children's picture books that encourage learning and the application of that education in the wider world. Children's symbolic development, analogical reasoning, and thinking that is rooted in fantasy may impede their ability to retrieve information from picture books, according to the findings of the research presented here. After that, we take a look at the developing corpus of research on the effect of picture book characteristics on children's learning and transfer of scientific concepts, problem-solving skills, morals, and words and letters from picture books. In each area of learning, we investigate how the development of children might interact with the qualities of books in order to influence their acquisition of knowledge. We come to the conclusion that the ability of children to learn and transfer knowledge from picture books can be hampered by certain book qualities, and that future research should examine the interplay between the developing capacities of children and the characteristics of books and how they affect their learning.

Влияние раннего опыта институционализации на развитие ребенка: биологические показатели, физиологические механизмы, поведенческие характеристики

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective. </strong>Systematization and generalization of research data on the impact of early institutionalization on biological indicators of children's development, and a description of the underlying physiological mechanisms and relations between biological indicators and their behavioral manifestations in children.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background. </strong>Early deprivation is a significant social-psychological factor that dramatically affects the subsequent mental health and development of children. To date, a wide amount of data on the biological effects of early institutional deprivation has been accumulated in the research literature while this information is little represented in Russia. To understand the specificity of the biological and behavioral development of children with institutionalization experience transferred from Russian institutions into domestic adoptive or foster care families there is a need to analyze, systematize and generalize information on bio-behavioral consequences of early institutionalization.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions. </strong>Research results indicate in children with early institutional experience a significant change in biological development manifested in negative changes in morphofunctional development and microstructural organization of the brain, and characteristics of its activity, in cortisol secretion, violations of immunity, changes in DNA methylation profiling, in microbiome. Biological changes and their behavioral correlates are associated with such institutional conditions as the severity of deprivation and duration of institutionalization (the age of the child's transfer from institution to family). In order to prevent developmental, somatic and mental health disorders associated with the long-term impact of early deprivation, the state policy in the field of early childhood and the work of the professional society have to fulfil the rights of the child to live in the family in relationship with sensitive and responsive emotionally available primary caregivers.</p>

Emergency Inter-Hospital Transfer of Children to PICUs in the United Kingdom: Qualitative Exploration of Parents' Experiences of Retrieval Teams.

Each year in the United Kingdom there are around 5,000 inter-hospital transfers of critically ill children into PICUs. There are few published descriptions of what this experience is like for parents. The objective was to describe parents' experiences of the inter-hospital transfer of their critically ill child to a PICU. Qualitative in-depth interviews. Twenty-four PICUs in England and Wales. Parent interview participants ( n = 30) were purposively sampled from a larger pool of parent questionnaire respondents to create a sample diverse in child's age, presenting medical illness, retrieval team and whether a parent traveled in the ambulance. Open-ended semi-structured interviews using topic guides to encourage parents to describe their experiences of transfer. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed using Framework Analysis. Parents' perceptions of transport staff as confident and competent through observation of clinical care, and positive communication experiences during the transfer process, were related to feelings of trust and being supported, as well as relief from distress. Parents varied in their needs for conversation and support. Parents who did not travel in the ambulance had fewer opportunities to interact with the transport team and experienced different challenges in the period prior to their child's admission to the PICU. Retrieval teams can influence how parents experience their child's emergency transfer to the PICU, offering parents proximity to knowledgeable staff. Satisfaction may be related to matching parents' needs. Understanding parents' needs and optimizing opportunities for effective communication between parents and staff are beneficial to parents.

Children intend to teach conventional but not moral norms selectively to ingroup members.

Several studies have investigated factors guiding children's decisions when learning from others, although less is known about factors that govern children's decisions when they transfer knowledge to others. Here we asked whether children would privilege ingroup members when teaching and, if so, whether this tendency would persist when transferring different kinds of information (conventional norms vs. moral norms). In Experiment 1 (N = 24), we first replicated ingroup preference based on minimal group membership with 5- and 6-year-old Turkish children. In Experiment 2 (N = 64), we examined whether children would consider group membership and the type of knowledge to be transferred in their teaching intentions. Children were introduced to two ignorant targets differing in their group membership and were asked to choose one or both of these targets to teach conventional or moral norms. Children were more likely to choose ingroup members for teaching conventional norms and both members when teaching moral norms. Further, this trend was particularly evident among girls. These results suggest that children make flexible teaching decisions considering the social attributes of the learners and raise interesting questions regarding the mechanisms underlying children's information transfer. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Comparing the Results of Latissimus Dorsi Versus Teres Major Transfer in Children With Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury and Residual Shoulder Sequelae.

Obstetric brachial plexus injury (OBPI) remains a fairly common problem in newborns despite the improved obstetric care. Children who do not show complete recovery often present with residual shoulder deformity of limited external rotation and abduction. Secondary interventions in the form of tendon transfer and soft tissue release are aimed at correcting the implicated muscular imbalance to restore shoulder function. The aim of this work was to compare the results of latissimus dorsi versus teres major tendon transfer in patients with OBPI with limited shoulder external rotation. This study included 40 patients admitted to El Hadara University Hospital with OBPI and limited shoulder abduction and external rotation aged between 1.5 and 4 years. Half of the patients had a latissimus dorsi transfer, and the other half, a teres major one. Children with limited preoperative passive external rotation in both groups required a subscapularis slide. Patients were evaluated preoperatively, at 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively using the Gilbert scale. Teres major tendon transfer showed better results in restoring limited shoulder abduction and external rotation than latissimus dorsi transfer. Limited shoulder internal rotation was the main complication occurring postoperatively. Loss of the last degree of internal rotation occurred in most patients who had subscapularis slide. Most patients regained functional midline abilities with physiotherapy and required no further interventions. Isolated teres major transfer has shown better results in improving the range of external rotation and abduction compared with isolated latissimus dorsi tendon transfer. Age of the patients did not affect the overall final improvement in shoulder range of motion. Limited internal rotation is the main complication postoperatively, which was prevalent in patients who required a subscapularis slide but was not statistically significant.

“Kill the Armenian/Indian; Save the Turk/Man: Carceral Humanitarianism, the Transfer of Children and a Comparative History of Indigenous Genocide”

Abstract This article draws the genocide of the Armenians of the Ottoman Empire into the comparative study of indigenous genocide. Using a Human Rights Studies approach, I focus on the transfer of indigenous children by state authorities through carceral institutions to argue that the ideology and practice of modern humanitarianism is a definitive shared element of indigenous genocides across the late-19th and early-20th Centuries. Common experiences of denial by powerful states and cultural erasure invite added comparison and intersectional solidarity. The article is written to address Native American and Armenian Studies scholars together, elaborate a working vocabulary for future collaborative research in Human Rights Studies and serve as a point of departure for public scholarship and policy engagement.

Cohabiting Adult Children's Transfers to Parents in the United States.

This brief report presents national estimates of transfers of time and money from cohabiting adult children (ages 18 to 65) to their parents (own and in-laws) to test whether cohabiting adults give differently from their counterparts. Previous U.S. studies use data collected in the late 1980s and mid-1990s, when cohabitation was an emerging family form; they find mixed results. Rising rates of cohabitation and an aging population of parents who may rely on transfers from adult children necessitate updated estimates that can help develop the theory of institutionalization of cohabitation. This study used the 2013 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) Rosters and Transfers Module, a sample of U.S. households (N=6,340), and logistic and negative binomial models to estimate the likelihood of giving any time or any money to parents by the respondent's union status, the amounts given, and parent type (own, in-laws). Cohabitors were less likely to give time to their own parents than their never married counterparts, and gave fewer hours, but were more likely to give time and gave more hours than married adults. For financial transfers to own parents, cohabitors and married respondents gave similarly, but both were less likely to give any money than are single respondents. Cohabitators gave more hours to their in-laws than married respondents. Cohabitors behave somewhere in-between marital "greedy institution" norms and broader norms of solidarity with parents. More work should be done to understand how union status affects transfers to parents.

Lateral Cuneiform Ossification and Tibialis Anterior Tendon Width in Children Ages 3 to 6: Implications for Interference Screw Fixation of Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfers in Children.

While the transfer of the tibialis anterior tendon (TAT) to the lateral cuneiform (LC) following serial casting has been used for nearly 60 years to treat relapsed clubfoot deformity, modern methods of tendon fixation remain largely unstudied. Interference screw fixation represents an alternative strategy that obviates concerns of plantar foot skin pressure-induced necrosis and proper tendon tensioning associated with button suspensory fixation. A better understanding of LC morphology in young children is a necessary first step in assessing the viability of this fixation technique. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation is to define LC morphology and TAT width in children aged 3 to 6 years. A retrospective radiographic review of 40 healthy pediatric feet aged 3 to 6 years who had either magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scans was performed at a single pediatric hospital. The length, width, and height of only the ossified portion of the LC were measured digitally using sagittal, coronal, and axial imaging. In addition, the maximal cross-sectional diameter of the TAT was measured at the level of the tibiotalar joint. The average ossified LC width ranged from 8.5 mm in the 3-year-old cohort to 10.3 mm in 6-year-old children. Analysis of variance testing revealed no statistically significant difference in width between age groups. Average ossified LC length ranged from 13.5 mm in the 3-year-old cohort to 18.3 mm in 6-year-old children with statistically significant increases in age groups separated by 2 or more years. Significant differences in LC height, volume, and TAT diameter were demonstrated after analysis of variance testing. The TAT to ossified LC width ratio ranged from 44% to 53% across age groups. The dimensions of the LC ossification center are large enough to allow interference screw fixation in children 3 to 6 years of age. Further studies are needed to investigate interference screw fixation performance in the pediatric clubfoot population. Level IV.

Recommendations for Therapy following Nerve Transfer for Children with Acute Flaccid Myelitis

Aim To provide recommendations for pre- and post-operative occupational and physical therapy for children with acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). Methods Writing panel members consisted of an interdisciplinary team of seven healthcare professionals specializing in the care of children with AFM. The panel reviewed background material on AFM, nerve transfer, and rehabilitation principles applied to pediatrics. Recommendations were prioritized if evidence was available. Where there was no known evidence to support a recommendation, this was noted. Recommendations Communication and coordination among interprofessional team members are vital to a comprehensive family-centered rehabilitation program. Surgical planning should include team preparation accounting for frequency, duration, and timing of treatment, as well as individual characteristics and developmental status of the child. Recommendations for pre-operative and six phases of post-operative therapy address assessment, strengthening, range of motion, orthoses, performance of functional activity, and support of the family. Conclusion Rehabilitation following nerve transfer in children with AFM requires interdisciplinary collaboration and a multisystem approach to assessment and treatment. As new evidence becomes available, recommendations may be revised or replaced accordingly.

Effects of Age, Spatial Relation and Object Type on Young Children’s Analogical Transfer of Spatial Relations

Objective This study tested four- and five-year-old children's analogical transfer of spatial relations from samples consisting of either richly decorated geometric shapes or concrete objects. It also examined whether young children would transfer containment relations more readily than they would transfer support relations, and whether the difference between children's transfer of containment and support relations would vary with object type and age. Methods Four- and five-year-old children (N = 73) recruited in Busan were presented with a spatial analogies task adopted from Huttenlocher and Levine (1990). Children were asked to transfer containment and support relations from samples consisting of either richly decorated geometric shapes or concrete objects, to three choices consisting of concrete objects. Results First, four-year-olds successfully transferred containment relations only from concrete objects, whereas five-year-olds did so from both types of objects. Second, four-year-olds failed to transfer support relations regardless of object type, whereas five-year-olds successfully transferred support relations from richly decorated geometric shapes. Third, five-year-olds overall showed better performance than four-year-olds. Finally, children transferred containment relations more readily than they transferred support relations only when the samples consisted of concrete objects (but not when the samples were geometric shapes). Conclusion The results suggest that children's transfer of spatial relations overall improves between ages four and five years and that young children's transfer of support relations (less salient spatial relations than containment) may benefit from the use of geometric shapes. Keywords: analogical transfer, containment, support, geometric shapes, concrete objects

Insurance coverage determines children's hospital transfers

Insurance, or rather the lack thereof, plays a pivotal role in a hospital's decision to transfer or admit pediatric children presenting with mental health disorders, according to research published this month in Pediatric Emergency Care. University of California, Davis researchers found that children without insurance are more than three times as likely to be transferred than those with private insurance.

The Intergenerational Impact of China's New Rural Pension Scheme

The Intergenerational Impact of China's New Rural Pension Scheme

Association Between Insurance and the Transfer of Children With Mental Health Emergencies.

This study sought to investigate the association between a patient's insurance coverage and a hospital's decision to admit or transfer pediatric patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a mental health disorder. This is a cross-sectional study of pediatric mental health ED admission and transfer events using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project 2014 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample. Children presenting to an ED with a primary mental health disorder who were either admitted locally or transferred to another hospital were included. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to adjust for confounders. Nineteem thousand eighty-one acute mental health ED events among children were included in the analyses. The odds of transfer relative to admission were higher for children without insurance (odds ratio, 3.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.73-6.31) compared with patients with private insurance. The odds of transfer were similar for children with Medicaid compared with children with private insurance (odds ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-1.88). Transfer rates also varied across mental health diagnostic categories. Patients without insurance had higher odds of transfer compared with those with private insurance when they presented with depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, attention-deficit/conduct disorders, and schizophrenia. Children presenting to an ED with a mental health emergency who do not have insurance are more likely to be transferred to another hospital than to be admitted and treated locally compared with those with private insurance. Future studies are needed to determine factors that may protect patients without insurance from disparities in access to care.

Effects of Interventions with Manipulatives on Immediate Learning, Maintenance, and Transfer in Children with Mathematics Learning Disabilities: A Systematic Review

Manipulatives are concrete or virtual objects (e.g., blocks and chips) often used in elementary grades to illustrate abstract mathematical concepts. We conducted a systematic review to examine the effects of interventions delivered with manipulatives on the learning of children with mathematics learning disabilities (MLD). The outcomes observed in the sample (N = 38) were learning, maintenance, and transfer in a variety of mathematical domains. Interventions using manipulatives were reported to be effective for a range of learning objectives (e.g., conceptual understanding and computational fluency), but several methodological weaknesses were observed. Analyses also highlighted considerable heterogeneity in the studies reviewed in terms of participant characteristics, intervention approaches, and methodology. We discuss overall effects of interventions with manipulatives in the MLD population, the methodological quality across the sample, and implications for practice.

3455 Association between Transfer of Children from the Emergency Department and Pediatric Readiness of the Hospital

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: As pediatric care becomes more concentrated in large urban hospitals, smaller rural hospitals with reduced pediatric care capacity may opt to transfer pediatric patients to higher levels of care even if the patient has a condition that is manageable in a general ED. Up to 20-40% of pediatric transfers are considered avoidable, placing a burden on the patient, their family and the health care system. The aim of this study is to determine the association between pediatric readiness (as measured by the National Pediatric Readiness Project score) and risk of interfacility transfer. We hypothesized that emergency departments with higher measures of pediatric readiness would be less likely to transfer pediatric patients to another facility. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The most recent and complete National Pediatric Readiness Project data were from 300 California hospitals in 2012. These data include the overall pediatric readiness score, presence of inter-facility guidelines (written protocols on patients needing care not available at the hospital), presence of interfacility agreements (written agreements with other hospitals regarding transfer patients), and other variables on the facility’s capacity to care for pediatric patients. We linked these hospital data with patient encounter data from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development Emergency Department (ED) Database (OSHPD) using hospital name and zip code. To be eligible for the study, the patient must have a documented ED encounter and be less than 18 years old during the encounter. A patient was considered a transfer patient if they were transferred to a separate general hospital, children’s hospital, federal health care facility, rehabilitation facility, Critical Access Hospital or psychiatric hospital. Chi-square tests and t-tests were used for descriptive statistics. For non-normal data, we used the non-parametric Kruskall-Wallis test. We also used logistic regression to compare the odds of transfer between comparison groups. Statistical analyses were conducted in the R environment version 3.4.4. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In 2012, there were 2,604,723 pediatric ED encounters, of which 10,966 resulted in a transfer (0.4%). Transferred patients on average were older (15 vs. 5 years, p < 0.001) and more likely to be female (58.6% vs 46.6%, p < 0.001). The transfer group originated from hospitals with a lower median pediatric readiness score (76.0 vs 78.3, p < 0.001). Patients were less likely to be transferred if they were seen at a hospital with written guidelines with transfer protocols (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.83—0.95, p < 0.001). Patients were more likely to be transferred if they were seen at a hospital with written interfacility agreements with other hospitals (OR 1.17, 95%CI 1.10—1.25, p < 0.001). We anticipate, that even with more sophisticated multilevel statistical models, pediatric readiness scores will remain associated with odds of transfer. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: These preliminary data suggest that hospitals with higher levels of pediatric readiness and written guidelines with transfer protocols are less likely to transfer pediatric patients. There may be actionable policy and procedural items that a hospital could enact to lower the rate of transfer patients. Future analyses will include more complex statistical modeling to adjust for confounders, will include inpatient data, and will compare the risk of potentially avoidable transfers between hospitals with varying levels of pediatric readiness.

Associations between impairments and activity limitations components of the international classification of functioning and the gross motor function and subtypes of children with cerebral palsy.

[Purpose] Cerebral palsy (CP) encompasses a group of disorders of movement and posture with wide ranges of impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions. Guiding management of children with CP by the ICF model is important to deliver quality services. This study aimed to explore relationship between CP subtypes and the Gross Motor Function Classification System-Expanded and Revised (GMFCS-E&R) and to examine differences in distribution of impairments and activity limitations across CP subtypes and GMFCS-E&R levels. [Participants and Methods] 70 children with CP (mean age: 6.5 ± 2.9 years) were classified using CP subtypes and GMFCS-E&R. Research assistants examined impairments including: scoliosis, scissoring, and inability to bear weight. Parents described their children’s transfers and functional mobility. [Results] CP subtypes and GMFCS-E&R levels were significantly associated. Scissoring and scoliosis were predominant in children in levels IV and V of the GMFCS-E&R. Only scoliosis was predominant in children with quadriplegia. Transfer activities and functional mobility were more limited in children with quadriplegia and in level V of the GMFCS-E&R. [Conclusion] Impairments and activity limitations components of the ICF can be differentiated by CP subtypes and GMFCS-E&R. Clinicians can use the two classification in providing comprehensive and individualized services for children with CP and their families.

Characterization of Allogeneic T Cells Expressing Inducible Caspase-9 Following Adoptive Transfer in Children Receiving an HLA-Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for the Treatment of Myeloid Malignancies

▪Background: Adoptive transfer of allogeneic donor T cells can be an effective treatment for hematological malignancies through recognition of leukemia-associated antigens (LAAs) on tumor cells or through alloreactivity. However, alloreactive T cells can also cause graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) limiting their use as an immunotherapy. To leverage the anti-tumor effects of allogeneic polyclonal T cells while minimizing GvHD, we have genetically modified donor T cells with the inducible caspase-9 (iC9) safety switch, which induces apoptosis following exposure to the small molecule ligand rimiducid. Here we show that iC9-modified allogeneic T cells (BPX-501) persist, expand and contain functional LAA-specific T cells in children receiving an alpha/beta TCR and CD19-depleted HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplant (haplo-HSCT) for the treatment of myeloid malignancies.Methods: Pre-infusion products (BPX-501: donor T cells modified with the bicistronic retroviral vector encoding iC9 and truncated CD19 (ΔCD19)) and patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analyzed from twelve patients (AML (10), MDS (1), JMML (1)) receiving BPX-501 (1x106 cells/kg) following an alpha/beta T cell and CD19 B cell-depleted haplo-HSCT (BP-004U: NCT03301168). Engraftment and persistence were measured by coexpression of CD3 and CD19 by flow-cytometry. Endogenous and gene-modified T cells were also phenotyped for CD4:CD8 ratios, memory cell composition (TN, TCM, TEM, TEMRA; CD45RA and CD62L) and T cell receptor Vβ diversity. BPX-501 products and post-treatment samples were characterized for LAA-specific T cells using IFN-γ ELISpot against peptide pools (15 aa overlapping by 5 aa) derived from WT1, PRAME, MAGE (A1, C1, C3), NE and PR3, with and without exposure to 10 nM rimiducid to determine the anti-leukemic contribution of BPX-501.Results: BPX-501 was infused at a median time of 22.5 days after HSCT (range 12-34, one patient was infused at day 89 and one patient was infused at day 147). BPX-501 cells (CD3+CD19+) were detectable in the peripheral blood at 1-2 weeks after infusion in all 12 patients, reaching a peak expansion frequency of a median of 24% ± 17% of total CD3+ T cells, and an absolute cell number of 66.9 ± 112 cells/µl at 2 months post-infusion and could be detected for up to 24 months. BPX-501 T cells showed a CD8-skewed phenotype whereas endogenous T cells exhibited a more balanced CD4:CD8 ratio. BPX-501 were predominantly CD45RA-CD62L+ and CD45RA-CD62L- central and effector memory T cells, respectively. In BPX-501 products, we detected LAA-specific T cells by ELISpot using overlapping peptide pools to WT1, PRAME, MAGE, NE and PR3, and in peripheral blood samples obtained 2 to 5 months post-T cell infusion. Importantly, LAA-reactivity was greatly diminished with exposure to iC9-activating rimiducid. Further, we measured the TCR Vβ usage and observed highly-skewed TCR repertoire in BPX-501 T cells compared to endogenous T cells in 6 months after HSCT indicating selection and expansion of TCR clones. Three patients engrafted BPX-501 were treated with rimiducid to control GvHD resulting in a rapid decrease (62% ± 12%) of CD3+CD19+ T cells in the peripheral blood. In patients treated with rimiducid, CD3+CD19+ T cells recover without further instances of GvHD suggestive of in vivo depletion of alloreactive T cell clones using iC9.Summary: Allogeneic T cells engineered with the iC9 safety switch engraft, expand and demonstrate long-term persistence following adoptive transfer into patients receiving a haplo-HSCT. LAA-specific T cells and alloreactive T cells within the BPX-501 product are detectable in the peripheral blood following infusion and likely contribute to elimination of myeloid malignancies. DisclosuresShaw:Bellicum Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Zhou:Bellicum Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Lu:Bellicum Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Aldinger:Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Spencer:Bellicum Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Locatelli:Bellicum: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; bluebird bio: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Miltenyi: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Foster:Bellicum: Employment, Equity Ownership.

Legitimacy and the Transfer of Children: Adoption, Belonging, and Online Genealogy

A great deal of both scholarly and public attention has been paid to questions of nature versus nurture in understanding identity and family construction in adoptees, yet much less attention has been given to the ways that power shapes the social reproduction of families through adoption. In this feminist interdisciplinary self-reflexive ethnographic research, I enter the world of online genealogy sites to critically explore the social practice of constructing a family tree as an adoptee. I explore genealogy as a culturally and historically specific representation of patriarchal heteronormative whiteness. I argue that adoptees’ liminal locations between socially understood categories of nature and nurture embedded in online family heritage websites make evident the ways that genealogical templates and stories reproduce mainstream family ideology through the erasure of “illegitimacy”. I consider what I found in my adoptive family history, critically exploring my “legitimate” relationship to my family in relation to the “illegitimate” (and unrecognized) relationship between my family and an enslaved child transferred as property between family members in 1813. This research makes visible power inequalities governing family reproduction at macro levels by exploring the contradictions and slippages regarding family “legitimacy” in micro level online genealogical constructions of adoptees’ family trees.