Transfer Channels Research Articles

The role of one-dimensional materials in modulating the selective mass transport of covalent organic framework membranes for nanofiltration

Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) membranes have well-ordered nanochannels for selective molecular sieving. One-dimensional (1D) materials have been proposed to link the loosely packed COFs nanosheet for enhancing the separation performance of COFs membranes. However, it remains unclear how the enhancement arises. Herein, we demonstrate the role of 1D materials in modulating the microstructure and interlayer force of 2D COFs membranes. The optimized composite membrane, assembled from 2D COFs and chitosan exhibits a 75% enhancement in permeance without sacrificing selectivity towards different dyes. Our results show that the interaction forces between COFs and 1D materials are directly correlated to the transport nanochannels. When the interaction forces are stronger, the microstructure is more densely packed. Meanwhile, the shielding effect of 1D materials on the intrinsic channels of 2D COFs is more significant, resulting in narrow transport channels for mass transfer. In contrast, the weaker interaction forces prevent the excessive shrinkage of nanochannels, facilitating fast mass transfer and maintaining the high molecular selectivity. The work unravels the interaction forces between 2D COFs and 1D materials leading to the shaping of mass transfer nanochannels, offering a new perspective for the advancement of COFs membrane for nanofiltration.

At least five: Benefit origins of potassium and sodium co-doping on carbon nitride for integrating pharmaceuticals degradation and hydrogen peroxide production

Benefit origins of potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) co-doping on carbon nitride for integrating pharmaceutical degradation and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production was investigated. K+ and Na+ co-doped carbon nitride (CN-K/Na) with modified crystallinity and surface structure was synthesized by ionothermal polymerization of urea. The CN-K/Na exhibited an apparent quantum yield of 26.2% in H2O2 photosynthesis at 400nm (isopropanol as proton donor), and it was better at extracting proton from pharmaceutical-laden wastewater to produce H2O2 than pristine carbon nitride. These superior performances are attributed to the benefits directly or indirectly caused by the co-doping: i) Na+ optimizes in-plane charge transfer, ii) K+ builds channel for interplane charge transfer, iii) cyano group as Lewis acid site adsorbs and activates oxygen, iv) amino group as Lewis base site extracts and releases protons, v) increased visible-light absorption. This work offers significant insights into designing polymeric photocatalysts for environmental management and energy conservation.

High performance flexible phase change hydrogel applied to thermal management of new cigarette device

To address the thermal management challenges of new heat-not-burn (HNB) cigarette devices, this study aims to enhance overall energy conversion efficiency while maintaining unchanged battery capacity. The goal is to minimize heat dissipation and reduce the temperature of the device's housing that contacts the user. In this research, CaCl2·6H2O (CCH) was selected as the phase change material (PCM), and a polyacrylamide (PAM) phase change hydrogel encapsulating CCH was prepared via in-situ polymerization. Additionally, konjac glucomannan (KGM) was incorporated into the three-dimensional network structure of PAM through hydrogen bonding to promote the formation of a porous gel structure. CNTs-CuO composites, featuring in-situ generated CuO nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes (CNTs), were synthesized using a microwave hydrothermal method and employed to enhance the thermal conductivity of the phase change hydrogel.This study demonstrates that the three-dimensional porous network structure of the hydrogel not only provides effective encapsulation protection for CCH and maintains high latent heat (144.9 J/g), but also imparts excellent flexibility and stability to the composites. The incorporation of CNTs-CuO composites introduces efficient heat transfer channels, significantly increasing the thermal conductivity of the hydrogels by approximately 37 % (0.687 W·m−1·K−1). Moreover, the hydrogel composites exhibit exceptional temperature regulation properties.The innovative design and preparation of these hydrated salt-based flexible hydrogel composites offer a novel approach in the fields of thermal management and energy storage. This material demonstrates practical applications not only in HNB devices but also in various thermal management systems, such as wearable electronics, battery thermal management, and electronic device cooling. Furthermore, its application in energy storage systems, including thermal energy storage units and smart textiles, underscores its broad applicability and significance.

Hierarchical Branched TiO2 Photo/Photoelectrocatalyst with Directed Charge Transfer for Efficient Hydrogen Production from Seawater.

The directed electron transport channel design in semiconductors, which could promote charge utilization, is attractive but rarely reported. Hierarchical branched titanium dioxide (HB-TiO2), possessing a charge cascade transfer channel, was constructed by assembling titanium-defected TiO2 nanobranches on oxygen-defected TiO2 nanobelts. The interfacial Ti/O vacancies have been detected by X-ray photoelectron and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies, and the vacancies act as the "bridge" of photogenerated carrier transport. This structure maintained high photoactivity in H2 production in different mass fractions of NaCl solutions. The photocurrent density of the HB-TiO2 photoanode in natural seawater is 3.9, 2.1, and 2.6 times that of oxygen-defected TiO2 nanobelts, titanium-defected TiO2 nanobranches, and their mixture, respectively. Besides, the charge transport mechanism from the inner lattice to the TiO2 surface is proposed.

An effective strategy to enhance phosphoric acid retention and proton conductivity stability: Construction of proton transfer channels with starch rather than H3PO4

To enhance the phosphoric acid (PA) retention as well as maintain high proton conductivity of phosphoric acid doped proton exchange membranes at high temperature, we successfully design a series of phosphoric acid doped biobased composite membranes by incorporation of starch and graphene oxide (GO) into poly arylene ether ketones (PAEK). Proton transfer channels should be mainly built through dense hydrogen bonds formed from massive oxygen-containing groups of starch mainchain, which is confirmed by Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, FT-IR and XRD analysis. The dense hydrogen-bond structure could construct fast proton transfer channels with extreme low doping level (0.00484 molH3PO4). The excellent PA retention properties with almost unchanged proton conductivity at high temperature (200 °C) for 600 min indicates that PA molecules are firmly fixed into membranes. Thus, in this study, we suggest a novel strategy for stablizing proton conductivity at high temperature and improving PA retention properties of PA doped membranes, which is building dense hydrogen-bond structure with low PA doping level.Based on the results in this study and the Grotthuss proton transfer mechanism, dense hydrogen-bonds from oxygen-containing groups in polymer backbones should be more stable than hydrogen-bonds from massive H3PO4 molecules with high acid doping levels to promote proton conduction.

Boosting Photogenerated Electrons Transfer from FeVO4 to Peroxymonosulfate via Cu Doping for Stable Degradation of Organic Contaminants

Comprehensive SummaryElectron transfer is an important way to activate persulfate. Currently, the electrons for persulfate activation mainly originate from organic contaminants or the catalyst itself, which can lead to selective activation of persulfate or oxidation of the catalyst, respectively, and thus become a bottleneck restricting its application. In this work, Cu−doped FeVO4 (Cu−FVO) was prepared, and the results showed that Cu doping can significantly improve the photocatalytic activity and stability of FVO for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The optimized Cu−FVO/PMS/light system exhibited a high BPA degradation rate that is 4.3 times higher than that of the FVO/PMS/light. This system manifested a broad applicability to various organic contaminants even with complex matrix. Photoelectrochemical analysis and DFT theoretical calculations revealed that Cu doping boosted the photogenerated charge separation and the adsorption of PMS on FVO. Furthermore, Cu doping led to the establishment of an electron transfer channel from Cu−FVO to PMS, through which photogenerated electrons achieved an efficient PMS activation. Meanwhile, holes were consumed by organic contaminants to avoid the oxidation of catalyst. These collectively enhanced the photocatalytic activity and stability of Cu−FVO, which also maintained high catalytic activity even after 20 cycling degradation reactions.

Conjugative transfer of the IncN plasmid pKM101 is mediated by dynamic interactions between the TraK accessory factor and TraI relaxase.

Conjugative dissemination of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) among bacteria is initiated by assembly of the relaxosome at the MGE's origin-of-transfer (oriT) sequence. A critical but poorly defined step of relaxosome assembly involves recruitment of the catalytic relaxase to its DNA strand-specific nicking site within oriT. Here, we present evidence by AlphaFold modeling, affinity pulldowns, and in vivo site-directed photocrosslinking that the TraK Ribbon-Helix-Helix DNA-binding protein recruits TraI to oriT through a dynamic interaction in which TraI's C-terminal unstructured domain (TraICTD) wraps around TraK's C-proximal tetramerization domain. Upon relaxosome assembly, conformational changes disrupt this contact, and TraICTD instead self-associates as a prerequisite for relaxase catalytic functions or substrate engagement with the transfer channel. These findings delineate key early-stage processing reactions required for conjugative dissemination of a model MGE.

Chemically bonded to construct S-scheme CNQDs/Bi2WO6 heterostructure: The Bi-N bonds as interfacial electronic channel boosting the efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction under simulated sunlight

Photoinduced carrier separation efficiency plays a crucial role in determining the photocatalytic activity of photocatalysts, but it remains a challenge to accurately and efficiently control charge separation. Hence, we successfully prepared S-scheme CNQDs/Bi2WO6 heterostructure via a simple hydrothermal method. The theoretical calculations demonstrate that Bi-N bonds at the interface between CNQDs and Bi2WO6 serve as an electron transfer channel to facilitate charge transfer at the atomic level, which plays a vital role in driving the photoreduction of CO2 to CO. Interestingly, S-scheme heterostructure not only remains strong reducing ability of CNQDs, but also significantly reduces the energy barrier of *CO2 *COOH and release the product CO easily. The CO yield of the CNQDs/Bi2WO6 sample (26.24 µmol/g) was 11 times higher than that of the pure Bi2WO6 (2.43 µmol/g) without any sacrificial agents under 300 W xenon lamp. This work highlights the critical role of chemical bonding interfaces in the design of efficient S-scheme heterostructure photocatalysts.

An Analysis of Routing Protocol in Mobile Adhoc Networks and its Applications

Each hub in a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) sends parcels bound for different hubs in the network by means of remote (radio transmission) transmission on a wilful premise, making it a self-beginning, powerful network made up of mobile hubs. Multi-bounce transferring is the essential inspiration for the advancement of ad hoc networking. Remote Ad hoc networks, otherwise called foundation less networks, can be set up rapidly and effectively using radio waves as the network's transmission channel. There is no principal server or referee in an ad hoc network. Every hub in a MANET is fit for playing out its own networking errands, for example, routing and bundle sending, in a decentralized and independent style. Uses of routing protocols like Ad hoc On-request Distance Routing Protocol (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Transiently Requested Routing Calculation (TORA), and Enhanced Connection State Routing (OLSR) are fascinating in light of the fact that routing is the focal issue in MANETs. These routing protocols are simulated using OPNET, and their effectiveness is investigated using various metrics. With the use of metrics, the most efficient channel for data transfer can be determined. The results demonstrate the viability of AODV and TORA for topology-changing in large-scale networks using a variety of criteria.

Hydrogen Bonds and In situ Photoinduced Metallic Bi0/Ni0 Accelerating Z-Scheme Charge Transfer of BiOBr@NiFe-LDH for Highly Efficient Photocatalysis.

For heterojunction system, the lack of stable interfacial driving force and definite charge transfer channel makes the charge separation and transfer efficiency unsatisfactory. The photoreaction mechanism occurring at the interface also receives less attention. Herein, a 2D/2D Z-scheme junction BiOBr@NiFe-LDH with large-area contact featured by short interface hydrogen bonds and strong interfacial electric field (IEF) is synthesized, and in situ photoinduced metallic species assisting charge transfer mechanism is demonstrated. The hydrogen bonds between O atoms from BiOBr and H atoms from NiFe-LDH induce a significant interfacial charge redistribution, establishing a robust IEF. Notably, during photocatalytic reaction, Bi0 and Ni0 are in situ performed in heterojunction, which separately act as electron transport mediator and electron trap to further accelerate charge transfer efficiency up to 71.2 %. Theoretical calculations further demonstrate that the existence of Bi0 strengthens the IEF. Therefore, high-speed spatial charge separation is realized in Bi0/BiOBr@Ni0/NiFe-LDH, leading to a prominent photocatalytic activity with a tetracycline removal ratio of 88.3 % within 7 min under visible-light irradiation and the presence of persulfate, far exceeding majority of photocatalysts reported previously. This study provides valid insights for designing hydrogen bonding heterojunction systems, and advances mechanistic understanding on in situ photoreaction at interfaces.

Hydrogen Bonds and In situ Photoinduced Metallic Bi0/Ni0 Accelerating Z‐Scheme Charge Transfer of BiOBr@NiFe‐LDH for Highly Efficient Photocatalysis

AbstractFor heterojunction system, the lack of stable interfacial driving force and definite charge transfer channel makes the charge separation and transfer efficiency unsatisfactory. The photoreaction mechanism occurring at the interface also receives less attention. Herein, a 2D/2D Z‐scheme junction BiOBr@NiFe‐LDH with large‐area contact featured by short interface hydrogen bonds and strong interfacial electric field (IEF) is synthesized, and in situ photoinduced metallic species assisting charge transfer mechanism is demonstrated. The hydrogen bonds between O atoms from BiOBr and H atoms from NiFe‐LDH induce a significant interfacial charge redistribution, establishing a robust IEF. Notably, during photocatalytic reaction, Bi0 and Ni0 are in situ performed in heterojunction, which separately act as electron transport mediator and electron trap to further accelerate charge transfer efficiency up to 71.2 %. Theoretical calculations further demonstrate that the existence of Bi0 strengthens the IEF. Therefore, high‐speed spatial charge separation is realized in Bi0/BiOBr@Ni0/NiFe‐LDH, leading to a prominent photocatalytic activity with a tetracycline removal ratio of 88.3 % within 7 min under visible‐light irradiation and the presence of persulfate, far exceeding majority of photocatalysts reported previously. This study provides valid insights for designing hydrogen bonding heterojunction systems, and advances mechanistic understanding on in situ photoreaction at interfaces.

Reversed I1Cu4 single-atom sites for superior neutral ammonia electrosynthesis with nitrate

Electrochemical ammonia (NH3) synthesis from nitrate reduction (NITRR) offers an appealing solution for addressing environmental concerns and the energy crisis. However, most of the developed electrocatalysts reduce NO3- to NH3 via a hydrogen (H*)-mediated reduction mechanism, which suffers from undesired H*-H* dimerization to H2, resulting in unsatisfactory NH3 yields. Herein, we demonstrate that reversed I1Cu4 single-atom sites, prepared by anchoring iodine single atoms on the Cu surface, realized superior NITRR with a superior ammonia yield rate of 4.36 mg h-1 cm-2 and a Faradaic efficiency of 98.5% under neutral conditions via a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism, far beyond those of traditional Cu sites (NH3 yield rate of 0.082 mg h-1 cm-2 and Faradaic efficiency of 36.5%) and most of H*-mediated NITRR electrocatalysts. Theoretical calculations revealed that I single atoms can regulate the local electronic structures of adjacent Cu sites in favor of stronger O-end-bidentate NO3- adsorption with dual electron transfer channels and suppress the H* formation from the H2O dissociation, thus switching the NITRR mechanism from H*-mediated reduction to PCET. By integrating the monolithic I1Cu4 single-atom electrode into a flow-through device for continuous NITRR and in situ ammonia recovery, an industrial-level current density of 1 A cm-2 was achieved along with a NH3 yield rate of 69.4 mg h-1 cm-2. This study offers reversed single-atom sites for electrochemical ammonia synthesis with nitrate wastewater and sheds light on the importance of switching catalytic mechanisms in improving the performance of electrochemical reactions.

Design and assembly of conductive covalent organic frameworks for proton exchange membrane application

To develop proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with robust structure stability and remarkable proton conductivity and explore their application in PEMs fuel cells have significant implications for realizing reduced carbon emission and environmental pollution. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as crystalline porous polymer material composed of organic monomers and connected by covalent bond, possess specific framework, inherent porosity, adjustable functional group and eminent thermal/chemical structure stability. Therefore, COFs display prominent superiorities in constructing rigid ordered proton transfer channels and improving fuel cell performance long‐term durability. In this review, the proton conduction properties of extrinsic proton‐conductive COFs (incorporating carriers into the pore), intrinsic proton‐conductive COFs (introducing conductive groups on the backbone) and combined extrinsic/intrinsic proton‐conductive COFs in the form of pressed pellets are discussed in detail. Meanwhile, proton‐conductive COFs related PEMs, including COFs‐related polymer‐based composite membranes, COFs‐based composite membranes and self‐supporting COFs membranes are also systematically summarized. In addition, the existing challenges are analyzed and future outlooks are addressed.

Plasmonic tandem heterojunctions enable high-efficiency charge transfer for broad spectrum photocatalytic hydrogen production

Rational engineering of semiconductor photocatalysts for efficient hydrogen production is of great significance but still challenging, primarily due to the limitations in charge transfer kinetics. Herein, a fascinating plasmonic tandem heterojunction with the hc-CdS/Mo2C@C heterostructure is aimfully prepared for effectively promoting the charge separation kinetics of the CdS photocatalyst via the synergistic strategy of phase junction, Schottky junction, and photothermal effect. The difference in atomic configuration between cubic-CdS (c-CdS) and hexagonal-CdS (h-CdS) leads to effective charge separation through a typical II charge transfer mechanism, and plasmonic Schottky junction further extracts the electrons in the hc-CdS phase junction to realize gradient charge transfer. Besides, the photothermal effect of Mo2C@C helps to expand the light absorption, accelerate charge transfer kinetics, and reduce the hydrogen evolution energy barrier. The carbon layer provides a fast channel for charge transfer and protects the photocatalyst from photocorrosion. As a result, the optimized hc-CMC photocatalyst exhibits a significantly high photocatalytic H2 production activity of 28.63 mmol/g/h and apparent quantum efficiency of 61.8%, surpassing most of the reported photocatalysts. This study provides a feasible strategy to enhance the charge transfer kinetics and photocatalytic activity of CdS by constructing plasmonic tandem heterogeneous junctions.

A comparative study of broadband PbS quantum dots/graphene photodetectors with monolayer and bilayer graphene

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs)/graphene nanohybrids provide a unique platform to design photodetectors of high performance. These photodetectors are quantum sensors due to the strong quantum confinement in QDs for spectral tunability, and in graphene for high charge mobility. Quantitatively, the high carrier mobility of graphene plays a critical role to enable high photoconductive gain and understanding its impact on the photodetector performance is imperative. Herein, we report a comparative study of PbS QDs/graphene nanohybrids with monolayer and bilayer graphene for broadband photodetection ranging from ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared to short-wave infrared spectra (wavelength: 400 nm–1750 nm) to determine if a specific advantage exists for one over the other. This study has revealed that both the monolayer and bilayer graphene grown in chemical vapor deposition can provide a highly efficient charge transfer channel for photo-generated carriers for high broadband photoresponse.

Unveiling the photoexcitation mechanism of COF-2CN material: From the perspective of molecular structure

Covalent organic frameworks (D-A COFs) with electron donor–acceptor structures possess electron transfer channels between the donor and acceptor components, making them potential candidates for applications requiring high photocatalytic activity. In this paper, COF-2CN is selected as a representative material, and computational studies are conducted based on density functional theory (DFT) to gain further insight into its excitation mechanism. First, we used first-principles calculations to determine the molecular structure of COF-2CN. The results reveal that the material has a hexagonal pore shape with a pore size of 25.81 Å, and all atoms in the monolayer structure lie in the same plane. Next, we plotted the density of states (DOS) for COF-2CN and determined that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level is −0.22 eV. Additionally, we calculated the oscillator strengths for the first 100 excited states and selected 8 states with values greater than 0.2 for further analysis. Subsequently, we analyzed the distribution of electron holes in these excited states and found that, in most cases, the electrons and holes are distributed along the edges of the six-membered rings, with the holes having a broader distribution than the electrons. Finally, we simulated the UV–visible absorption spectrum of COF-2CN, finding that maximum light absorption occurs at a wavelength of 466.1 nm, with an intensity of approximately 454,057 L mol−1 cm−1.

Converter-based multi-frequency power transfer system for efficient energy packet transmission in the energy internet

The energy internet concept involves the transmission of energy in discrete packets, akin to the information internet's principle. The energy internet must adopt a decentralized configuration and enable bidirectional and simultaneous power transfer. This raises the problem of congestions during the energy packet dispatching process. To address potential congestion issues, we propose a three-phase multi-frequency power transfer system (MFPTS) where the positive-sequence fundamental frequency component is supplemented with the zero-sequence third and the negative-sequence fifth harmonic components. By using such signals with proper amplitudes, the harmonics are added to the voltage without changing the peak amplitude but increasing the rms value. To exert complete control over the different frequencies employed within the MFPTS, a decoupling method is necessary to separate these frequencies in the control system. This leads to creating three independent channels of power transfer by three frequencies without changing the existing infrastructure as these powers can be transferred within the same lines. This paper explores the feasibility of three-phase three-frequency power transfer by using three parallel power transfer channels, achieved through the utilization of three-phase grid-forming and grid-feeding converters. Using power converters provides the advantage of bidirectional power transfer and facilitates decentralization by serving as an interface between distributed power generation systems and the utility grid. These properties are essential for achieving optimal energy internet performance. The simulation and practical results prove that the proposed MFPTS could solve the energy packet dispatching congestion problem to have a reliable energy internet for the future.

Electrospun metal-organic framework materials derived bimetallic oxides as high-efficiency anodes for lithium-ion battery

Energy devices are receiving more and more attention, and this is especially true for lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, applying novel nanostructures in multicomponent systems is a very effective way to promote the development of energy storage systems. This study synthesizes a nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber encapsulating MOF-derived bimetallic oxide nanomaterial by combining electrospinning and MOF materials. Nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers are porous and highly conductive, providing structural stability, a practical pathway for lithium ion diffusion, and an essential channel for rapid charge transfer during cycling. The bimetallic oxides derived from the MOF materials provide sufficient space for fast reaction sites and mitigate volume expansion during cycling. When the composite material FNO@NCNFs is used as the anode material for lithium batteries, its reversible capacity is maintained at 1105.4 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g−1. Its capacity reaches 748.5 mAh g−1 after 900 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1, and at the same time, it exhibits excellent cycling stability, with the coulombic efficiency remaining above 98 %. The material also exhibits a small ion transfer resistance and good rate performance. The structural design approach based on combining MOFs with electrospinning in this study will provide new insights into the design and development of materials for advanced energy storage applications.

Unlocking high-efficiency charge storage: Co-assembled nanoparticles of lignin and polyaniline molecules

Redox-active lignin rich in phenolic hydroxyl groups is an ingenious charge storage material. However, its insulating nature limits the storage/release of electrons and requires the construction of electron transfer channels within it. Herein, nanoparticles (PANI/DKL-NPs) are prepared by co-assembly via π–π interactions between conducting polyaniline (PANI) and demethylated Kraft lignin (DKL) molecules for the first time, and rapid electron transfer inside DKL is achieved. The co-assembled PANI/DKL-NPs consist of interpenetrating structures of PANI and DKL at the molecular scale, and the content of PANI molecules interspersed within them is controllable. Meanwhile, the extensive and abundant mesoporous structure in nanoscale PANI/DKL-NPs facilitates ion transport and electron storage. Based on this favorable microstructure, the specific capacitance of PANI/DKL-NPs at 1 A·g−1 is as high as 532 F·g−1, which is 780 % and 90.68 % higher compared to DKL-NPs and PANI-NPs, respectively. Meanwhile, the rate performance of PANI/DKL-NPs is significantly enhanced than that of DKL-NPs (33.11 %) and comparable to that of PANI-NPs (more than 69 %). Furthermore, the symmetric supercapacitor (PANI/DKL-NPs//PANI/DKL-NPs) assembled from it achieves a high energy density of 27.49 Wh·kg−1 at 400 W·kg−1 power density, and superb flexibility and mechanical stability. Therefore, the co-assembly of DKL and PANI will effectively stimulate the energy storage potential of lignin, providing a practical pathway to promote the development of biopolymers in energy storage.

S-ZVI@biochar constructs a directed electron transfer channel between dechlorinating bacteria, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and trichloroethylene

The combination of micron zero-valent iron (mZVI) and microorganisms is an effective method for trichloroethylene (TCE) degradation, but electron transfer efficiency needs improvement. A new chem-bio hybrid process using a composite material (S-ZVI@biochar) was developed, consisting of sulfurized mZVI and biochar as a chemical remover, and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and dechlorinating bacteria (DB) as a biological agent for TCE degradation. S-ZVI@biochar showed improved stability, biocompatibility, and TCE removal compared to ZVI and S-ZVI. The hybrid system DB + MR-1 + S-ZVI@biochar exhibited the highest TCE removal efficiency at 96.5% after 30 days, which was 3.7 times higher than that of bare ZVI. The study revealed that the enhanced dechlorination performance was due to improved electron transfer efficiency, adjustment of microbial community structure, and iron recycling. S-ZVI@biochar constructed electron transport channels in the composite system, improving the overall dechlorination capacity. This system shows promise for long-term TCE removal in anaerobic environments.