Transatlantic Telephone Cable Research Articles

Electrical Engineering Hall of Fame: Oliver E. Buckley [Scanning our Past

In 1954, the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) selected Oliver E. Buckley as the recipient of the Edison medal. He was cited his contributions to the science and art which have made possible a transatlantic telephone cable. The citation also noted his wise leadership of a great industrial and his outstanding services to the government of his country. Buckley spent most of his professional career with the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T). Early in his career, he was an active participant in laboratory research on vacuum-tube amplifiers and was the inventor of an ionization manometer. In his later years, he became a research manager and served for a decade as president of the Bell Telephone Laboratories.

A history of transatlantic cables

Exactly 150 years ago, August 1858, the world witnessed a historic event in the history of telecommunications: the successful transmission of telegraph messages across the Atlantic Ocean. Although the transatlantic cable carrying these messages failed after a few weeks of operation, and it wasn't until 1866 that permanent transatlantic telegraph cable transmission became possible, the 1858 transmissions were heralded worldwide as a major achievement, introducing a new Age of Information. To commemorate this literally earth-shaking accomplishment 150 years ago, the History Column this month presents an article entitled "A History of Transatlantic Cables" by Jerry Hayes of Concordia University, Canada, a member of the ComSoc History Committee. Interestingly, it took almost another 100 years until the first transatlantic telephone cable, TAT-1, was successfully launched. Jerry covers this epoch-making event in his article as well, in addition to the various undersea telephone cables that followed in the years after. So we are actually commemorating two historic events in this column: the first successful transmission of telegraph data across the ocean, and the first successful transatlantic cable transmission of voice. We commend the article following to you.Special Notice: The ComSoc History Committee is sponsoring a special History Session at the forthcoming IEEE GLOBECOM 2008 in New Orleans. This session, the first of its kind, and coorganized by History Committee members Jacob Baal-Schem of Israel and Mischa Schwartz, will take place Tuesday, December 2, from 1:30-6 p.m. It will consist of three parts: a keynote address on the history of OFDM by Steve Weinstein, a past President of ComSoc and a pioneer in the field of OFDM; four reviewed papers covering a variety of topics on the history of communications; and a panel discussion on the topic "Who Invented Radio?" The panelists, a distinguished group of authorities and historians in the field, drawn from the Uni

Regulation, innovation and market structure in International Telecommunications: The case of the 1956 TAT1 submarine cable

This article sets out to demonstrate how regulation, markets and technology can be intertwined. It argues that the introduction of technology in a regulated market, such as that of international telecommunications, must be seen in terms of its impact on economic and political alliances in that regulatory market. It presents a case study of the first transatlantic telephone cable, TAT1 – a joint project between the US company, American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T), the British Post Office (GPO) and Canada's Overseas Telephone Corporation – and a coaxial cable proposed by another US company, International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT). Both cables became part of a British attempt to alter existing British and US domestic regulation of international telegraph transmission.

Anglo-Canadian transatlantic telephone cable (CANTAT). Planning and overall performance

When the first transatlantic telephone cable was planned in 1953 there were two possible systems available: one American, using small-diameter flexible repeaters in two uni-directional cables, and the other British, using much larger, rigid repeaters in a single cable. The former was the more advanced, particularly with respect to laying methods in ocean depths, and was adopted for the main Atlantic crossing, the British system being used between Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. As early as 1951, the British Post Office had started development of a revolutionary type of coaxial cable for use in deep water. This had its strength member in the centre, torsionally balanced, and an external sheath of polythene; its non-twisting characteristics under tension promised major improvements in laying and recovery techniques. When, in 1957, the British and Canadian Governments agreed to provide a new submarine telephone cable between the two countries, British rigid repeaters with the new British Lightweight cable in deep water were envisaged. This cable system, known as CANTAT, was developed, manufactured and completed within a period of four years. In addition to overland connections in Great Britain and Canada to London and Montreal, respectively, there are two submarine cable links, one between Scotland and Newfoundland, providing 240 kc/s bandwidth in each direction (initially 60 telephone circuits recently increased to 80), and one in the Gulf of St. Lawrence providing 480kc/s bandwidth in each direction (initially 120 telephone circuits capable of increase to 160). The system was opened for service by Her Majesty The Queen in December 1961, and is, for the present, the most advanced installation of its kind.

Platinum-cored Thermionic Valves in the Transatlantic Telephone Cable

Platinum-cored Thermionic Valves in the Transatlantic Telephone Cable

Over and on the transatlantic telephone cable

Over and on the transatlantic telephone cable

Power-feed equipment for the North Atlantic link

Synopsis. Precise regulation of the direct current which provides power for the undersea repeaters in the new transatlantic telephone cable is necessary to maintain proper transmission levels and to assure maximum repeater tube life. The highest possible degree of protection is needed against excessive currents and voltages under a wide variety of possible fault conditions. Furthermore, to minimize the dielectric stresses, a double-ended series-aiding power feed must be used, and the balance of these applied voltages must be maintained despite substantial earth potentials. This paper describes the design features which were employed to attain these objectives simultaneously, while eliminating, for all practical purposes, any possibility of even a brief system outage because of power failure.

Power Feed Equipment for the North Atlantic Link

Precise regulation of the direct current which provides power for the undersea repeaters in the new transatlantic telephone cable is necessary to maintain proper transmission levels and to assure maximum repeater tube life. The highest possible degree of protection is needed against excessive currents and voltages under a wide variety of possible fault conditions. Furthermore, to minimize the dielectric stresses, a double-ended series-aiding power feed must be used and the balance of these applied voltages must be maintained in spite of substantial earth potentials. This paper describes the design features which were employed to attain these objectives simultaneously, while eliminating, for all practical purposes, any possibility of even a brief system outage due to power failure.

Power-feed equipment for the North Atlantic link

Precise regulation of the direct current which provides power for the undersea repeaters in the new transatlantic telephone cable is necessary to maintain proper transmission levels and to assure maximum repeater valve life. The highest possible degree of protection is needed against excessive currents and voltages under a wide variety of possible fault conditions. Furthermore, to minimize the dielectric stresses, a double-ended series-aiding power feed must be used and the balance of these applied voltages must be maintained in spite of substantial earth potentials. The paper describes the design features which were employed to attain these objectives simultaneously, while eliminating, for all practical purposes, any possibility of even a brief system outage due to power failure.

Transatlantic Telephone Cable System - Planning and Over-All Performance

The transatlantic telephone cable system was designed as a link connecting communication networks on the two sides of the Atlantic. The technical planning of the system and the objectives set up so that this role would be fulfilled, are the principal subjects of this paper. Typical performance characteristics illustrate the high degree with which the objectives have been realized. Optimum application of the experience of the British Post Office with rigid repeaters and the Bell System with flexible repeaters, together with close cooperation among three administrations, have played a large part in achieving the objectives.

Oliver ellsworth buckley 1954 edison medalist: The edison medal

“for his personal contributions to the science and art which have made possible a transatlantic telephone cable; for wide leadership of a great industrial laboratory; for outstanding services to the government of his country”

Perminvar, an alloy of nickel, copper, and iron, used in proposed trans-Atlantic telephone cable

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPerminvar, an alloy of nickel, copper, and iron, used in proposed trans-Atlantic telephone cableScience Service Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1930, 7, 1, 176Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1930Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 January 1930Published inissue 1 January 1930https://doi.org/10.1021/ed007p176RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (727 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts