Transactional Psychological Contract Research Articles

How consumer perceptions of virtual streamers affect purchase intention in live streaming commerce: based on cognition-affect-behavior model

PurposeDespite widespread use of virtual streamers, academic research on this subject remains limited. This study aims to explore the mechanisms by which consumer perceptions of virtual streamers influence consumer purchase intentions.Design/methodology/approachWe used partial least squares structural equation modeling to analyze validated online survey data from 414 consumers watching virtual streamers.FindingsConsumer perceptions of virtual streamers (perceived competence, perceived interaction quality and perceived warmth) promote the establishment of transactional psychological contract and relational psychological contract between consumers and virtual streamers, which further affects consumers’ purchase intention.Originality/valueThis study enriches the research on virtual streamers, facilitates their adoption and introduces the psychological contract into a new research context by revealing the formation of the psychological contract from the perspective of virtual streamers. Moreover, this study provides a new understanding of the relationship between disembodied artificial intelligence and consumers.

Investigating the Relationship Between Psychological Contract, Apprenticeship Participation, and Ethnic Papuan Turnover Intention

The study’s overarching goal was to look at how ethnic Papuans’ intentions to leave their current positions relate to their involvement in apprenticeship programs, the psychological contract, and other similar concepts, at the Nemangkawi Mining Institute IPN. Methods from the relational and transactional psychological contracts were used in this study. Through the privatized institution in the Mimika area and other contracting organizations, 110 persons took part in the apprenticeship program. We used the following tools for our measurements: the apprenticeship participation rate, the turnover intention scale, and psychological contracts. The multiple regression analysis yielded an F-value of 25.273, indicating statistical significance at the p<0.01 level. This data lends credence to the study premise that apprenticeship involvement and psychological contracts significantly impacts turnover intention. In forecasting desire to leave, psychological contracts and apprenticeship participation account for 39.9% of the total contribution value. Keywords: Papua ethnicity, intention turnover, apprenticeship participation, psychological contract, contractor workers

Mitigating work alienation in public sector service-delivery projects caused by perceived overqualification: the roles of empowering leadership and the psychological contracts

PurposeThe study investigates the nature of an understudied yet salient relationship between perceived overqualification (POQ) and work alienation in project management. It employs relative deprivation theory to propose two dimensions of the psychological contract, i.e. relational and transactional, as underlying mediating mechanisms and how empowering leadership mitigates the adverse effects of POQ.Design/methodology/approachTo this end, in two waves, we surveyed 232 project members of three public-sector information and communication technologies (ICT) projects in Punjab, Pakistan. The data was analyzed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe key findings are: (1) POQ leads to work alienation, (2) relational and transactional contracts mediate this relationship, and (3) empowering leadership can mitigate the adverse effects of POQ in project management settings.Originality/valueThis research adds valuable insights to the scant POQ literature in public-sector project management settings. It also contributes by identifying the mediating role of relational and transactional psychological contracts and the moderating role of empowering leadership to mitigate the adverse effects of POQ in these settings.

Psychological contract and turnover intention in luxury hotels

Human resources are critical assets in the hotel industry, and retaining employees is crucial for the sustainable development of hotels. To reduce employee turnover, the study aims to explore the role of psychological contract and emotional labor on turnover intention. Data from an online survey of 743 employees of luxury hotels in China were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that employer relational psychological contracts (p < 0.001), employee relational psychological contracts (p < 0.001), and employer transactional psychological contracts (p < 0.01) have an impact on turnover intentions. The study also finds that employee transactional psychological contracts (p > 0.05) do not affect turnover intentions. Furthermore, employee-employer relational psychological contracts (p < 0.01) significantly influence emotional labor, whereas employer transactional psychological contracts (p > 0.05) do not. Emotional labor (p < 0.01) significantly affects turnover intentions. The connection between psychological contracts and turnover intentions is also mediated by emotional labor. These results imply that luxury hotels should prioritize employees’ emotional well-being, create a harmonious work environment, and enhance employee loyalty. This paper provides valuable insights that may reduce turnover and foster sustainable development within the hospitality sector.

The impact of family-like employee-organization relationship on unethical pro-family behavior

ABSTRACT Unethical pro-family behavior is a prevalent, costly, and generally discreet employee activity in firms; however, there is limited research on the topic. Based on the self-classification theory, we collected three waves of data from employees of two firms in China to explore the influences of family-like employee-organizational relationship on unethical pro-family behavior (Study 1) and the boundary conditions between them (Study 2). The results of Study 1 showed that the family-like employee-organizational relationship had a significant negative impact on unethical pro-family behavior, with the relationship between the family-like employee-organizational relationship and unethical pro-family behavior mediated by both relational and transactional psychological contracts. Study 2 reconfirmed the findings of Study 1 and also found that differential leadership strengthened the positive impact of the family-like employee-organizational relationship on the relational psychological contract (from the perspective of ‘insiders’). Overall, the findings of the study explain why, how, and when employees exhibit unethical pro-family behavior.

PERAN KONTRAK PSIKOLOGIS KONSUMEN TERHADAP BRAND LOVE DAN POSITIVE WORD OF MOUTH DALAM MEMENGARUHI REPURCHASE INTENTION KONSUMEN BENGKEL MOBIL X

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of Transactional Psychological Contracts, Relational Psychological Contracts, Brand love, Positive Word of Mouth, and Repurchase Intention on Bengkel Mobil X. This research uses a quantitative approach, data collection is carried out through the distribution of online questionnaires to 230 respondents who have met the criteria. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling. In this study, the results of data processing were tested using Smart-PLS 3.0. The results of this study show that Transactional Psychological Contact and Relational Psychological Contracts have a positive and significant influence on Brand love and Positive Word of mouth, likewise with Brand love and Positive Word of mouth towards Repurchase Intention.
 Keywords: Transactional Psychological Contracts, Relational Psychological Contracts, Brand love, Positive Word of mouth, Repurchase Intention.

THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL MOBILITY PREFERENCE ON COMPULSORY CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR

Based on the social exchange theory and the boundaryless career perspective, this study used a questionnaire method to examine the mechanism by which employees' preferences for organizational mobility influence their obligatory citizenship behavior. The results showed that: (1) employees’ organizational mobility preference positively predicted their compulsory citizenship behavior; (2) employees’ preference for organizational mobility had negative and positive effects on employees’ relational and transactional psychological contracts, respectively; (3) both relational and transactional psychological contracts partially mediated the influence of employees’ preferences for organizational mobility on their compulsory citizenship behavior, with the mediation effect of transactional psychological contract being stronger; (4) organizational development support positively moderated the mediation effect of transactional psychological contract, but the moderating effect of organizational development support on the relationship between employees’ preferences for organizational mobility and relational psychological contract was not significant.

Psychological Contracts and Employee Voice: Does Breach Matter?

Empirical evidence shows that the type of psychological contract and psychological contract breach affect employees’ work behaviours. One of these behaviours is employee voice, which is a key to organisational dynamics. This research aims to determine empirically the ways in which different types of psychological contract are linked to different types of employee voice, and the ways in which psychological contract breaches affect these relationships. The paucity of literature on the relationship between all three variables necessitated this research. The research targeted South African employees working in medium to large organisations with a staff component larger than 60. In a cross-sectional survey, the respondents were asked to answer a questionnaire on psychological contracts, psychological contract breach and employee voice. Correlation and regression analyses were used to test the relationships and the moderation effect of psychological contract breach on the psychological contract–employee voice links. A total of 620 respondents returned completed questionnaires, which showed acceptable psychometric properties. Relational psychological contracts correlated with promotive dimensions of employee voice, while transactional psychological contracts and psychological contract breach correlated with prohibitive dimensions of employee voice. The psychological contract–employee voice relationship was moderated by psychological contract breach only in a transactional psychological contract environment, and only for the prohibitive employee voice dimension. Psychological contracts and psychological contract breach, as well as the interaction between them, influence employee voice; with hindsight, this occurs in explainable ways. The results contribute to the understanding of the complex relationship between these variables and provide fertile ground for the formulation of targeted hypotheses. Practical recommendations are included.

Internet Addiction and Academic Anxiety Among Chinese College Students During COVID-19: The Mediating Role of Psychological Contract.

The objective of this study is to investigate the underlying mechanism connecting internet addiction and academic anxiety, with the aim of assisting higher education professionals and administrators in developing comprehensive solutions to effectively mitigate the systemic risks associated with these issues. This study utilizes the smart data collection instrument of Wenjuanxing to gather data from 270 Chinese college students through an online questionnaire survey. Through building and analyzing a structural equation model that consists of four latent variables, such as internet addiction, relational psychological contract, transactional psychological contract, and academic anxiety. The study analyzed the fundamental characteristics of the transformation mechanism of Internet addiction and academic anxiety. It specifically focused on conducting a mediating effects test of the psychological contract variable to validate the significant role of both relational psychological contract and transactional psychological contract in this transformation mechanism. First, the study found that internet addiction (β=0.094; p=0.179) cannot directly impact academic anxiety. It can only influence academic anxiety through the mediating effects of the relational psychological contract (β=0.088; p=0.022) and the transactional psychological contract (β=0.123; p=0.003), with the latter having a more significant impact. Second, the destructive effect of Internet addiction on relational psychological contracts (β=-0.496; p<0.001) is greater than that on transactional psychological contracts (β=-0.476; p<0.001). Third, compared to the weakening of the relational psychological contract (β=-0.177; p=0.017), the weakening of the transactional psychological contract (β=-0.258; p=0.001) has a more significant impact on college students' academic anxiety. This study shows that the weakening of the corresponding psychological contract is the key link for the development of Internet addiction into academic anxiety. Stabilizing the psychological contracts at the psychological level of college students can help suppress the vicious transformation process from internet addiction to academic anxiety, ensuring students' mental health and reducing systemic risks in educational work.

Duality of the transactional psychological contract over motivation: a mixed-methods approach

Duality of the transactional psychological contract over motivation: a mixed-methods approach

The Impact of Psychological Contract, Physical and Mental Health on Burnout in Grassroots Civil Servants: Evidence from China.

The report of the 20th Party Congress proposes to build a high-quality cadre capable of taking on the important task of national rejuvenation. Grassroots civil servants are facing great pressure and challenges, and alleviating burnout has become an important issue in the construction of grassroots civil servants. Empirically analysing the impact of psychological contract on burnout of grassroots civil servants in the Chinese context will help to build a high-quality grassroots civil service team. Using a sample of 1824 grassroots civil servants in China, this study empirically examined the effect of the psychological contract on burnout among grassroots civil servants using the OLS methodology, conducted a robustness test by way of substituting variables and research methods, and then discussed the mediating effect of physical and mental health in the psychological contract and burnout among grassroots civil servants. The study showed that grassroots civil servants' psychological contract had a significant negative impact on burnout; transactional psychological contract was positively related to burnout, and relational and developmental psychological contracts were negatively related to burnout in grassroots civil servants. The results of the heterogeneity analysis showed that the effect of psychological contract on burnout differed by age, gender, exercise frequency, and sleep status. The results of the mediation analysis showed that higher psychological contract scores were related to better physical and mental health, thus inhibiting burnout among grassroots civil servants. This indicates a significant mediation effect of physical and mental health in the relationship between psychological contract and burnout of grassroots civil servants. The psychological contract of grassroots civil servants has a significant negative effect on burnout, and physical and mental health mediate between the two. These conclusions are of great theoretical and practical significance for alleviating the stress of grassroots civil servants and improving their work performance.

How to believe? Building trust in food businesses' consumers based on psychological contracts

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to understand the psychological mechanism that affects consumer trust by focusing on the formation and influence process of psychological contracts, and taking this opportunity, explore the influence paths of food quality, food safety and service quality on consumer trust in the online food market, and provide theoretical suggestions for building trust in food businesses' consumers.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on an empirical investigation and uses partial least square structural equation modeling for analysis. Survey data were collected online from 359 APP users of online food transaction platforms in China.FindingsFood quality, food safety and service quality influence consumer trust through the mediating effects of relational and transactional psychological contracts. However, the differences between these influencing paths are obvious and shift with changes in the marketing channels.Practical implicationsThis study contributes to the body of consumer trust research by exploring online food transactions as an emerging trend in China. Some optimization strategies for food quality, food safety and service quality are provided for enterprises involved in online food transactions.Originality/valueThis is a pioneering study revealing psychological contracts as a missing but significant mediator between consumer trust and its antecedents.

Understanding Millennial Generation Organizational Social Exchange through Psychological Contract

The rise of the millennial generation, especially in Indonesia, has overtaking the majority of various workplaces. Millennial workers are likely to have different characteristics from the previous generation, so the leader needs to adjust the treatment to create millennials’ job satisfaction and engagement. This study aimed to analyze the effect of psychological contracts on work engagement with job satisfaction as a mediating variable. This study used an explanatory method with a quantitative approach. The data was collected using a questionnaire and was analyzed using Partial Least Square software. There were four main findings in the study. First, psychological contracts, both transactional and relational, had a significant effect on job satisfaction. Second, transactional psychological contracts had a significant effect on work engagement. Third, job satisfaction mediated the relationship between transactional and relational psychological contracts with work engagement. Fourth, the rational psychological contract was not the main factor in increasing work engagement.

Psychological contract breach and organizational citizenship behaviours: the moderating role of contract type

PurposeDrawing on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study aims to assess the moderating effect of the psychological contract (PC) type (relational, transactional and balanced) on the relationship between psychological contract breach (PCB) and organizational citizenship behaviours (OCBs).Design/methodology/approachThe authors administered a survey to a sample of 159 nurses working in a large public hospital. To analyse the survey data, the authors used partial least squares with SmartPLS v.3.3, a variance-based structural equation modelling technique that combines principal component analysis, path analysis and regression analysis.FindingsThis study shows that nurses counteract the loss of resources following a PCB by investing more in stronger interpersonal relationships with co-workers and patients as a way to recuperate from resource loss and gain social resources. In addition, the moderating effect of the PC type reinforces the relationship between a PCB and OCB in a way that relational and balanced PC types support OCB-I positively but negatively OCB-O. Furthermore, the transactional PC does not reinforce negatively the link between PCB and OCB-I, and the negative interacting effect on the PCB and OCB-O link is only partially supported.Research limitations/implicationsThe study findings are grounded on a cross-sectional research design and a convenience sampling strategy.Practical implicationsThe results highlight the relevance of human resources management practices centred on employee involvement and participatory supervision styles for ensuring OCB display at the workplace.Originality/valueThe results add new evidence to COR theory by highlighting the importance of social resources as a mitigator in the relationship between nurses’ PCB and OCB towards co-workers and patients (OCB-I). Hence, the OCB-I display will vary in function of the target and the moderating effect of PC type (relational, balanced or transactional).

Navigating Value Co-Destruction in Open Innovation Communities: An Empirical Study of Expectancy Disconfirmation and Psychological Contracts in Business Analytics Communities

Enterprises seeking to enhance their innovation capabilities are increasingly turning to open innovation communities (OICs), which allow them to leverage the collective knowledge and collaborative potential of external users, providing a powerful source of new and innovative ideas. Despite their potential for value co-creation, recent research suggests that value co-destruction can also occur within OICs. However, the mechanisms underlying value co-destruction in OICs have not yet been fully explored or empirically examined. To address this gap, this study employs expectancy disconfirmation theory and psychological contract theory to investigate the relationship between user expectancy disconfirmation and value co-destruction in OICs. Drawing upon data collected from a questionnaire survey of business analytics OICs, this study reveals that self-interest expectancy disconfirmation has a positive effect on value co-destruction, which is mediated by the transactional psychological contract breach. In addition, social interaction expectancy disconfirmation is found to have a positive impact on value co-destruction, which is mediated by the relational psychological contract breach. The study further reveals that self-worth expectancy disconfirmation of community users positively influences value co-destruction, which is mediated by the ideological psychological contract breach. Moreover, the study demonstrates the crucial role of perceived organizational status in moderating the ideological psychological contract breach resulting from self-worth expectancy disconfirmation. Collectively, these findings contribute valuable insights into the phenomenon of value co-destruction in OICs, and provide practical guidance for enterprises seeking to enhance the development and performance of these innovation paradigms.

Psychological Contracts and Organizational Commitment: The Positive Impact of Relational Contracts on Call Center Operators

With the increasing complexity and dynamism of the modern work experience, the importance of the psychological contract has become increasingly clear. Organizations and researchers alike have recognized the implications of this contract for employee performance, satisfaction and well-being. However, certain work contexts can increase psychosocial risks, making it crucial to investigate the individual and contextual characteristics that can promote well-being and mitigate risks. In this study, we examined the impact of psychological contract types and task repetitiveness on organizational commitment among call center employees. By conducting a cross-sectional study involving 201 call center employees working in-person and administering an ad hoc questionnaire, we aimed to enrich the scientific literature on the psychological contract and its implications for the call center work environment. Our findings revealed that a transactional psychological contract has a negative impact on affective and normative commitment, potentially undermining employees’ sense of obligation and responsibility towards these organizations. To promote healthy work relationships and well-being among call center employees, we suggest the importance of a relational psychological contract. By highlighting the role of psychological contract types in organizational commitment, our study offers valuable insights for both researchers and practitioners.

The supervisor's paradox: Why different psychological contract types lead to varied supervisory mentoring

Abstract Supervisory mentoring represents a type of social dilemma called a delayed social fence. This study adopts a social dilemma perspective to examine how the three types of psychological contracts (balanced, relational, and transactional) perceived by supervisors differently influence their mentoring. Drawn on social dilemma perspective, we proposed that supervisory mentoring would be more likely to occur when supervisors perceived benefit return from their mentoring provision in a timely manner. The results obtained from a sample of 596 supervisor–subordinate matched data from the self-reported questionnaires completed by 225 sales agent teams in the insurance industry in Taiwan support our predictions. Consistent with the social dilemma perspective, supervisory mentoring is more likely among subordinates whose supervisors perceived balanced psychological contract, while supervisory mentoring is less likely among subordinates whose supervisors perceived transactional psychological contract. Furthermore, we found that supervisory mentoring is positively related to subordinate performance. Our mentor-centric multilevel framework helps identify the social dilemma nature underlying mentoring provision, and verify the positive influence of mentoring on protégé performance.

Psychological Contract and Young Talent Retention in Vietnam: Development and Validation of a Hierarchical Reflective Structural Model

This research investigates the relationship between relational psychological contract and the retention of young talents in Vietnam. The study surveyed young employees pertaining to (Generations Y and Z) at BBB Company. The results show an equal weight of transactional and relational psychological contracts in the job satisfaction and retention of young Vietnamese employees. The research compared the relative importance of future growth potential against existing good practices. The results indicate that these two constructs have equal importance, as the value for r square is almost equal. This suggests that from a strategic standpoint Human Resource Management (HRM) ought to prioritise the development of practices that enhance both relational and transactional psychological contracts among young talents in Vietnam. This derives from a cultural transition, which means that both the weights of national culture and globalisation are influencing the choices and loyalty of the younger generations in the workplace. These findings have significant implications for the understanding of how generational differences and culture influence how a company retains their young talents and the importance of psychological contract for young employee commitment in Vietnam in an increasingly competitive environment.

The Effect of Brand Rituals on Brand Attachment

With consumption upgrading, consumers are placing higher demands on the consumption process. A brand ritual is a ritualized interactive behaviour between consumers and a brand. The brand communication attributes of ritual and consumers’ enthusiasm for the ritual have prompted companies to use ritual elements to form emotional ties with consumers. Brand attachment is the cognitive and emotional bond that connects the brand to the consumer's ego. The brand ritual has a positive influence on brand attachment. The psychological contract reveals how brand rituals act on brand attachment. Consumers establish a transactional psychological contract with the brand based on the functional value of the product acquired and establish a relational psychological contract with the brand during the interaction of the brand ritual. Establishing a psychological contract further strengthens the emotional relationship between the consumer and the brand.

An Empirical Study on Purchasing Intention of Agricultural Product E-commerce Live Broadcast

The purpose is to explore the factors affecting consumers’ purchase intention from the massive live broadcast of agricultural products e-commerce, and explore the evolution mechanism from consumers’ psychological contract to purchase intention in the live broadcast of agricultural products e-commerce, so as to provide decision-making basis for improving the delivery effect of agricultural products e-commerce. In the first study, through text analysis of live broadcast barrage, the influencing factors of consumers’ purchase intention are explored. In the second study, the structural equation model is constructed with the influencing factors as independent variables, the psychological contract as intermediary variables, the involvement degree as regulatory variables, and the purchase intention as dependent variables to explore the evolution mechanism of the consumer’s psychological contract to the purchase intention in the live broadcast of agricultural products e-commerce. The first study found that the factors influencing consumers’ purchase intention are the content of the anchor, the content of the product, the scene atmosphere of the live room and the third-party guarantee and service. The second study found that anchor attraction, logistics service and other factors positively affect the relationship type psychological contract, while anchor professionalism, organic certification and service positively affect the transaction type psychological contract; The relational psychological contract affects consumers’ purchase intention through influencing the transactional psychological contract. The psychological contract plays a part of the mediating role in the path that the live broadcast content of agricultural products affects the purchase intention.