Transseries Research Articles

Knowledge mapping analysis of Chinese traditional culture under the strategy of common wealth

Abstract With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, their attention to the spiritual world and culture, especially traditional culture, is gradually increasing. With the help of the graph-based data structure of a knowledge graph, the connections between entities in conventional culture can be more intuitively displayed in the form of nodes and edges. Traditional knowledge is represented by the Trans series model in this paper, and the attention mechanism is integrated into the Graph Attention Network Model (GAT). The descriptive information of entities and relationships was introduced for pre-training initialization, and a Graph Attention Network Connection Prediction Model (BFGAT) was proposed to integrate the descriptive information and structural features and the BFGAT model was optimized by using information filtering operations. After the experimental study of the performance of the modified model, it is found that the score of the BFGAT model is 0.594 under the Hits@10 evaluation index in the dataset WN188RR, which is 0.01 and 0.018 higher than the two variant models, respectively, and the performance is better than that of other models. In the analysis of the ability of the knowledge graph to disseminate Chinese traditional culture, the number of searches for “Confucius” in Chinese traditional culture in the Americas is higher. The search frequency of Confucius has increased significantly from 2013 to 2014, from 830,000 times in 2013 to 2.95 million times in 2014, and the search frequency of Confucius in the Americas has reached 7.59 million times in 2023. It can be seen that the knowledge graph technology based on the knowledge graph attention network link prediction model has higher accuracy for keyword recognition and is also conducive to the wide dissemination of traditional Chinese culture.

Distality for the Asymptotic Couple of the Field of Logarithmic Transseries

We show that the theory Tlog of the asymptotic couple of the field of logarithmic transseries is distal. As distal theories are NIP (have the non-independence property), this provides a new proof that Tlog is NIP.

A novel series of C18–C22 trans ω3 PUFA from Northern and Southern Hemisphere strains of the marine haptophyte Imantonia rotunda

A series of novel C18–C22trans ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with a single trans double bond in the ω3 position was found in Northern and Southern Hemisphere strains of the marine haptophyte Imantonia rotunda. The novel ω3 PUFA were identified as 18:3(9c,12c,15t) (0.2–1.8 % of total fatty acids), 18:4(6c,9c,12c,15t) (1.9–4.1 %), 18:5 (3c,6c,9c,12c,15t) (0.7–8.8 %), 20:5(5c,8c,11c,14c,17t) (1.2–4.1 %) and 22:6(4c,7c,10c,13c,16c,19t) (0.3–4.3 %), and were accompanied by larger proportions of the all cis isomers: 18:3ω3(9,12,15) (2.7–3.5 %), 18:4ω3(6,9,12,15) (9.3–14.3 %), 18:5ω3(3,6,9,12,15) (7.8–18.5 %), 20:5ω3(5,8,11,14,17) (3.2–3.9 %), 22:5ω3(7,10,13,16,19) (0.1–0.3 %) and 22:6ω3(4,7,10,13,16,19) (2.3–5.2 %). GC analysis of FAME using a non-polar column did not reveal the trans isomers as they coeluted with the all cis PUFA. However, GC using a polar column resolved the trans PUFA from the all cis PUFA, with the trans isomers eluting before the all cis isomers. GC-MS of FAME fractionated by argentation solid-phase chromatography confirmed the molecular ions of all components. FAME were derivatized to form 4,4-dimethyloxazoline (DMOX) derivatives, and GC-MS revealed the same double bond positions for each trans and cis FAME. The results suggest that the ω3 trans double bond originated from the Δ15/ω3 desaturation of 18:2(9c,12c), suggesting that this desaturase has dual cis/trans activity in these species. These results indicate that 18:3(9c,12c,15 t) was the precursor trans isomer produced for the trans series and further desaturation by the common Δ6 desaturase to produce the trans tetraene and successive elongations and desaturations led to the subsequent series of trans ω3 PUFA isomers. To our knowledge, this is the first report of these trans ω3 isomers occurring in strains of I. rotunda. These trans ω3 PUFA may be used as biomarkers in marine food webs for this species and with their unique structure may be biologically active.

Synthesis of 11‐cis‐Retinoids by Hydrosilylation–Protodesilylation of an 11,12‐Didehydro Precursor: Easy Access to 11‐ and 12‐Mono‐ and 11,12‐Dideuteroretinoids

An expeditious, highly efficient approach to 11-cis-retinoids was achieved by semihydrogenation of a readily available 11-yne precursor through a hydrosilylation-protodesilylation protocol. The complete chemo-, regio-, and syn-stereoselectivity of the method also allowed direct access to 11- and 12-monodeutero-, and 11,12-dideutero-11-cis-retinoids. The analogous trans series was not accessible by this route, and was synthesized by means of Hiyama coupling.

Stereochemistry of Molecular Figures‐of‐Eight

A trans isomer of a figure-of-eight (Fo8) compound was prepared from an electron-withdrawing cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) derivative carrying trans-disposed azide functions between its two phenylene rings. Copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions with a bispropargyl derivative of a polyether chain, interrupted in its midriff by an electron-donating 1,5-dioxynaphthalene unit acting as the template to organize the reactants prior to the onset of two click reactions, afforded the Fo8 compound with C(i) symmetry. Exactly the same chemistry is performed on the cis-bisazide of the tetracationic cyclophane to give a Fo8 compound with C(2) symmetry. Both of these Fo8 compounds exist as major and very minor conformational isomers in solution. The major conformation in the trans series, which has been characterized by X-ray crystallography, adopts a geometry which maximizes its C-H···O interactions, while maintaining its π···π stacking and C-H···π interactions. Ab initio calculations at the M06L level support the conformational assignments to the major and minor isomers in the trans series. Dynamic (1)H NMR spectroscopy, supported by 2D (1)H NMR experiments, indicates that the major and minor isomers in both the cis and trans series equilibrate in solution on the (1)H NMR timescale rapidly above and slowly below room temperature.

CBS-QB3 computational examination of substituent effects on the interconversion of 1,3,5-cyclooctatriene and bicyclo[4.2.0]-2,4-octadiene

The position of equilibrium between 7-substituted and 7,8-disubstituted 1,3,5-cyclooctatrienes ( 1) and the corresponding valence isomeric bicyclo[4.2.0]-2,4-octadienes ( 2) is highly sensitive to the nature of substituents. In particular, the difference between trans and cis-7,8 isomers in this regard has never been explained. These differences have been clarified by computational means. The CBS-QB3 hybrid quantum chemical computational method reproduces the experimental free energy differences between a series of cyclooctatrienes ( 1) and the corresponding valence isomers ( 2) with excellent accuracy; the MAD and root mean square (rms) differences are 0.54 kcal/mol and 0.58 kcal/mol, respectively. The energy barriers between several derivatives of 1 and 2 were computed with good accuracy (MAD=1.3 kcal/mol and rms=1.5 kcal/mol) by the same procedure. The dihedral angle between the substituents increases upon electrocyclic conversion of trans-7,8-disubstituted cyclooctatrienes to the bicyclic isomer and decreases for the corresponding cis isomers. This differential effect explains both the higher bicyclic proportion at equilibrium and the faster rate of cyclization in the trans series compared to cis.

New Insights into NIS‐Promoted Aminocyclization. Synthesis of Decahydroquinolines from 2‐Allylcyclohexylamines.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

New Insights into NIS-Promoted Aminocyclization. Synthesis of Decahydroquinolines from 2-Allylcyclohexylamines

Bishomoallylic secondary amines embodying the 2-allyl-N-benzylcyclohexylamine unit react with NIS to undergo cyclization through 6-endo processes in either the cis or trans series. Nevertheless, when the resulting cis-3-iododecahydroquinolines are treated with Al2O3, the exo derivatives evolve into octahydroindoles and the endo derivatives keep the same backbone, the configuration being retained in the generated alcohols.

Cyclotrimerization approach to unnatural structural modifications of pancratistatin and other amaryllidaceae constituents — Synthesis and biological evaluation

The phenanthridone core of pancratistatin lacking all aromatic oxygenation was prepared by cyclotrimerization of acetylene-containing scaffolds 30 and 41, reflecting the natural and the C-1 epi configuration, respectively, of the amino inositol moiety. The cobalt-catalyzed formation of the aromatic core led to bisTMS derivatives 39 and 48, as well as bisacetyl derivative 51. The effectiveness of cyclotrimerization of the natural or trans series was compared with that of the cis series. In addition, the yields of cyclotrimerization were compared for propargylic amines and propargylic amides. Eleven derivatives, including the fully hydroxylated phenantridone 39, were tested against seven cancer cell lines. Three of the compounds displayed activities only an order of magnitude less than those of 7-deoxypancratistatin. Full experimental and spectral details are provided for all key compounds and future projections for the preparation of unnatural analogs of Amaryllidaceae constituents are advanced, along with some new insight into the minimum pharmacophore of pancratistatin.Key words: cyclotrimerization, alkaloids, cobalt catalyst.

Flexible synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 5-deoxyadenophorine analogues

Adenophorine and its 5-deoxy analogue have been identified as natural iminosugars with efficient glycosidase inhibitory effects. The syntheses and biological evaluation of two new series of 5-deoxyadenophorine analogues in their racemic form are reported. The compounds 12e and 13d bearing a C 11 and C 7 alkyl chain, respectively, were found to be potent inhibitors of the β-glucosidase from almond with K i near to 60 μM. The compounds 13a, d which possess a 3,4- cis stereochemistry were efficient on glucosidases but also on the β-galactosidase, what was not observed with the 3,4- trans series 12.

The dihydrofuran template approach to furofuran synthesis

Flash vacuum pyrrolysis of vinyl epoxides provides cis-dihydrofuran carboxylic esters in good yields and diastereoselectivities, which, on base-promoted epimerisation afford the complementary trans series. The compounds provide a viable template for a Lewis acid promoted cyclisation to provide the 2,6-diaryl-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane core found in the furofuran series of natural lignans. This strategy is stereodivergent and can be controlled to provide the exo-exo, exo-endo or endo-endo stereochemistries. The approach has been exemplified in syntheses of the sesamyl furofurans (+/-)-epiasarinin and (+/-)-asarinin.

An Extracting System of Accurate ORFs from cDNA Sequences

Conventionally, an amino acid frame display has generally been used for the extraction of amino acid sequence from a cDNA sequence. In the frame each position of initiation and termination codon is displayed and a segment that starts at an initiation codon and terminates at a termination codon is identied; the obtained segments are identied as possible open reading frames (ORF), and among them, the longest ORF is identied as an amino acid sequence extracted from the cDNA. In the case where a frame shift error exists on a cDNA sequence, an ORF is split and displayed over 2 frames. Further, since the border of the split ORF is not clear, an amino acid sequence is, in general, identied with an error of tens of bases. It has been reported that statistical information included in a DNA sequence, such as coding potential, can be used to identify cloning errors including frame shifts [2]. Dr. Hirosawa showed that the application of a modied GeneMark program for detection of artifacts in cDNA clones. This program serves to provide a warning when any spurious split of protein-coding regions is detected. Though this method is eectiv e for detecting the split of protein-coding regions, it is dicult to detect the strict location of the frame-shift, because of the limitation of the statistical analysis. The most reliable method to identify the frame-shift errors in a DNA sequence is to use similarity information to known amino acid sequences. Methods of comparing a cDNA sequence with amino acid sequences in consideration of the occurrence of frame-shift errors in the DNA sequence have been developed including FASTY [5] and TRANS series developed by our laboratory [3]. Using

Complete assignments of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of six highly functionalized neoclerodane diterpenoids

AbstractAn NMR study of six highly functionalized neoclerodane diterpenes belonging to both A/B cis and trans series is described. In addition to 1D NMR methods, 2D shift‐correlated experiments [1H,1H‐COSY, 1H,1H‐TOCSY, 1H,13C‐gHSQC‐1J(C,H), 1H,13C‐gHMBC‐nJ(C,H) (n = 2 and 3)] and 2D 1H,1H‐NOESY were used for the complete and unambiguous 1H and 13C chemical shift assignments of these structurally complex diterpenoids. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Nonpsychotropic synthetic cannabinoids.

Unlike natural cannabinoids which belong to the 6aR - trans series, the synthetic dexanabinol (HU-211), a 6aS-trans enantiomer, does not have affinity toward cannabinoid receptors and is devoid of cannabimimetic activity. On the other hand, dexanabinol demonstrated significant neuroprotective properties which prompted its development as a therapeutic agent. We now present the extension of a series of 6aS-trans cannabinoids with novel derivatives, including water soluble derivatives and congeners of dexanabinol.

Cholic acid derivatives as 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane carriers: structure and antimalarial and antiproliferative activity.

Cholic acid-derived 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes were synthesized in order to explore the influence of steroid carrier on its antimalarial and antiproliferative activity in vitro. Starting with chiral ketones, cis and trans series of diastereomeric tetraoxanes were obtained, and the cis series was found to be approximately 2 times as active as the trans against Plasmodium falciparum D6 and W2 clones. The same tendency was observed against human melanoma (Fem-X) and human cervix carcinoma (HeLa) cell lines. The amide C(24) termini, for the first time introduced into the carrier molecule of a tetraoxane pharmacophore, significantly enhanced both antimalarial and antiproliferative activity, as compared to the corresponding methyl esters, with cis-bis(N-propylamide) being most efficient against the chloroquine-susceptible D6 clone (IC(50) = 9.29 nM). cis- and trans-bis(N-propylamides) were also screened against PBMC, and PHA-stimulated PBMC, showing a cytotoxicity/antimalarial potency ratio of 1/10 000.

The 1,3,5,7-Tetraazadecalins: Structure, Conformation, and Stereoelectronics. Theory vs Experiment1

cis- and trans-1,3,5,7-tetraazadecalin (TAD) (2 and 4) and several N-Me (7−9) and N-acyl (10−12) substituted derivatives in the cis and trans series were prepared and characterized. The X-ray structures of 4 and 12 were analyzed and the conformational equilibria of 2 and 11 were evaluated by VT-NMR. A QM (ab initio) and MM computational study was carried out, to provide relative stabilities and geometrical parameters, which were compared with experiment. The MM2-AE (modified for the anomeric effect in N−C−N containing molecules) and MM3 force fields are useful tools for these systems. The results were interpreted in the light of stereoelectronic effects in such fused 1,3-diazane systems.

Structural analogues of the calanolide anti-HIV agents. Modification of the trans-10,11-dimethyldihydropyran-12-ol ring (ring C).

(+)-Calanolide A is a potent inhibitor of reverse transcriptase from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), which was isolated from an extract of Calophyllum lanigerum, along with seven related compounds. In order to examine the structure-activity relationships of the trans-10,11-dimethyldihydropyran-12-ol ring (designated ring C), a series of structural analogues were prepared and evaluated using a whole cell cytopathicity assay (XTT). Removal of the 10-methyl group resulted in decreased activity, with only one epimer exhibiting anti-HIV activity. Substituting the 10-methyl group with an ethyl chain maintained anti-HIV activity, with only a 4-fold reduction in potency relative to racemic calanolide A. Substitution of the 10-methyl group with an isopropyl moiety completely eliminated the anti-HIV activity. Addition of an extra methyl group at either the 10- or 11-position maintained the basic stereochemical features of the parent calanolide system while removing the chirality at the respective carbon, but resulted in decreased activity relative to calanolide A. In all the above examples, analogues containing a cis relationship between the 10- and 11-alkyl moieties were completely devoid of activity. Synthetic intermediates in which the 12-hydroxyl group was in the ketone oxidation state exhibited suppressing anti-HIV activity, with EC50 values only 5-fold less potent than that of calanolide A for both the 10,11-cis (6) and -trans (5) series. These ketones represent the first derivatives in the calanolide series to exhibit anti-HIV activity while not containing a 12-hydroxyl group. Likewise, ketone derivative 6 was the first example of a compound in the calanolide series having a cis relationship between the 10- and 11-methyl groups found to exhibit anti-HIV activity. Analogues which showed anti-HIV activity in the CEM-SS cytoprotection assay were further confirmed to be inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.

Ternary complexes of cis- and trans-Pt(NH 3) 2Cl 2 ( cis-, trans-DDP) with 9-methylguanine (9-MeG), the dipeptides glycylglycine (glygly), glycyl- L-alanine (glyala), glycyl- L-2-aminobutyric acid (gly-2-aba), glycyl- L-norvaline (glynval), glycyl- L-norleucine (glynleu), and of trans-Pt(NH 3) 2Cl 2 with Na- L-acetylhistidine

The reactions of cis- and trans-[(NH 3) 2Pt(9-MeG)X]Y (X= Cl, H 2O; Y= Cl, NO 3, BPh 4) with the dipeptides glygly, glyala, gly-2-aba, glynval and glynleu, and of trans-[(NH 3) 2Pt(9-MeG)X]Y with the sodium salt of Na- L-acetyl-histidine in aqueous solutions, produced the analytically pure ternary complexes cis- and trans-[(NH 3) 2Pt(9-MeG)(glygly)]Y n , ( n = 1, 2) ( 1A, 1B), cis- and trans-[(NH 3) 2Pt(9-MeG)(glyala)]Y n , ( 2A, 2B), cis- and trans-[(NH 3) 2Pt(9-MeG)(gly-2-aba)]Y n , ( 3A, 3B), cis- and trans- [(NH 3) 2Pt(9-MeG)(glynval)]Y n ( 4A, 4B), cis- and trans-[(NH 3) 2Pt(9-MeG)(glynleu)]Y n ( 5A, 5B) and trans-[(NH 3) 2Pt(9-MeG)(achis- N 1, N 3)](NO 3). These were characterized in the solid state with elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and 195Pt NMR spectra. 9-MeG retains its N 7 coordination in the ternary complexes. Hydrophobic intramolecular ligand-ligand interactions were detected in the cis-ternary systems with 1H NMR spectra, between 9-MeG and the dipeptides, increasing with the length of the aliphatic side chain of the latter. These were much weaker in the trans series, and might be of intermolecular nature. The trans-[(NH 3) 2Pt(9-MeG)(achis-N 1)]NO 3 and trans-[(NH 3) 2Pt(9-MeG)(achis- N 3)](NO 3) contained achis coordinated through the N 1 and N 3 atoms in a ratio of 0.8.

Asymmetric Syntheses of Protected Derivatives of Carnosadine and Its Stereoisomers as Conformationally Constrained Surrogates for Arginine

All four stereoisomers of carnosadine were shown to be accessible from the lactone (1) or the diester (10) (or their enantiomers). Members of the cis series (Z-cyclo-Arg') were obtained via a sequence involving opening lactone (1) with ammonia, Hofmann rearrangement, and incorpora- tion of the guanidine group via an azide (3). The trans series (i.e. The E-cyclo-Arg' series) was prepared via a route which is similar, except that it begins with hydrolysis of the less hindered ester functionality of diester (10). Products from both series were manipulated into protec- ted forms for peptide synthesis using the BOC or the FMOC approach

.alpha.-Alkylation and stereochemistry of cis- and trans-decahydroquinolines mediated by the formamidine and Boc activating groups. Synthesis of pumiliotoxin C

Cis- and trans-decahydroquinolines, as their t-Boc and formamidine derivatives, have been metalated and alkylated. The former gives mainly axial alkylation whereas the latter gives equatorial alkylation in the trans series. For the cis series, the t-Boc derivative gives essentially pure equatorial alkylation as does the formamidine derivative. Several electron-transfer processes occur simultaneously with the ionic alkylation, and this can be altered by use of pentynylcopper or HMPA. Furthermore, cuprates, when employed, gave good yields of alkylation product via radical pathways, but the stereochemistry suffered. A synthesis of the poison dart frog secretion, pumiliotoxin C, has been accomplished using these alkylation techniques