Trans-European Transport Corridor Research Articles

Decoding 5G security: toward a hybrid threat ontology

The rapid deployment of 5G technology ushers in a new era of connectivity with unparalleled potential, but it also presents unprecedented security challenges. A meticulous review of ENISA's Taxonomy is undertaken, specifically in its application to 5G networks and their cybersecurity assets. This work also evaluates the relevance of cybersecurity structures in other EU papers and ENISA reports, providing critical insights into the evolving landscape of cybersecurity. In the context of hybrid threats, the study categorizes these multifaceted challenges using the established taxonomy. It establishes connections between ontological categories, thereby deriving an ontology that illuminates the intricate nature of hybrid threats within 5G. The integration of the 5G vision with the TEN-T initiative for trans-European transport corridors constitutes a significant part of the research. This phase incorporates a comprehensive review of the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) work plan, encompassing vital elements like Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC), Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Software-Defined Networking (SDN), FOG/EDGE/CLOUD computing. The study also delves into the intricacies of 5G cybersecurity, examining ENISA's contributions to 5G network security and risk while navigating the landscape of applicable EU and national laws, along with EU guidance. This exploration extends to cybersecurity implications within the context of the CEF funding program. Significantly, the integration of RDF coding plays a pivotal role in aligning the developed ontology with the JRC Cybersecurity Taxonomy. This exposition represents a milestone in the field of 5G cybersecurity, as it effectively aligns a comprehensive ontology, designed to comprehend and mitigate hybrid threats in 5G networks, with the JRC Cybersecurity Taxonomy. The alignment is achieved by leveraging RDF coding techniques, which have greatly enhanced the ontology's machine-readability and interoperability.

On the need for connectivity and a new strategic approach to building road infrastructure in the Balkans

The Bulgarian state is characterized by its geostrategic location. However, the country has not taken advantage of its natural localization. The main reasons for this are the lack of strategic thinking and implementation of a targeted and active transport policy within Bulgaria and the Balkans. This policy includes the planning and realization of projects in the field of strategic infrastructure. The policy is adopted in the context of the trans-European transport corridors. This will create conditions for connectivity between Bulgarian regions and conditions for stimulating cross-border cooperation. In this direction, the authors analyze the transport sector and infrastructure in Bulgaria to highlight the important areas where the Bulgarian state needs to take urgent action. In this regard, it is necessary to formulate the major priorities that will take place in a new strategy for the transport sector. The strategy is related to the reconducting of political activities, measures, and acceleration of the investments in Bulgaria’s strategic road infrastructure.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ ВИДІВ ТРАНСПОРТУ В СИСТЕМІ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ВАНТАЖНИХ ПЕРЕВЕЗЕНЬ ТА ПРИ ПЕРЕТИНІ МИТНОГО КОРДОНУ УКРАЇНИ

The article considers the nature, specifics, forms and methods of interaction of transport modes in cargo transportation. The role of the main components of cargo transportation system in ensuring the process of interaction of transport modes in international traffic is determined. The main technological operations of multimodal transport terminals are clearly defined. They are grouped by the functions in ensuring the maximum efficiency of main transportation, provision of transportation services, provision of cargo handling services, cargo and transport flows management. A comprehensive analysis of the interaction of transport modes in the system of international transport corridors (ITC) passing through the territory of Ukraine, like: Trans-European Transport Corridor №5 (railway and road section), Trans-European Transport Corridor №9 (railway and road section), ITC Baltic Sea - Black Sea (railway and road section), TRACECA (railway, road, water section), Europe-Asia (railway and road section) was carried out. The priority directions of international transport corridors development are determined. The results of the study of the main technological operations of multimodal transport terminals as key objects of direct transfer of goods from one mode of transport to another are presented. The issues of harmonization of customs activities and common transit procedures with generally accepted norms and standards of European law are studied. The factors that determine the losses of Ukraine’s transit flows through international transport corridors are identified. The important tasks of the plan for the development of Ukraine’s international cargo transportation system are highlighted.

PAN – EUROPEAN TRANSPORT CORRIDORS IN THE POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

The issue of organising efficient transport within Europe is one of the areas of a common policy of the European Union, shaped for over 30 years. Poland has been participating in this creative process since May 1, 2004. The intensity of the development of transport and the economy of individual countries that do not only belong to the Community but also have a significant impact on changes in the European Union's transport policy aimed at improving the course of pan-European transport corridors. In parallel with the creation of an effective European transport network, the rapid economic development of the regions belonging to the Union, including Poland, is becoming increasingly important. This article aims to discuss the issue of the development of the trans-European transport corridors, which also passes through the territory of Poland. In addition, this paper aims to present changes in EU policy concerning the shaping of transport infrastructure in Europe, following which a single transport network is to be created soon, meeting the communication and economic needs of the countries belonging to the Community.

Pan-European transport corridors in the policy of the European Union

The issue of organizing efficient transport with in Europe is one of the areas of the common policy of the European Union, shaped for over 30 years. Poland has been participating in this creative processsince May 1, 2004. The intensity of the development of transport and economy of individual countries that do not only belong to the Community has a significant impact on changes in the European Union's transport policy aimedatimproving the course of pan-European transport corridors. In parallel with the creation of an effective European transport network, the rapid economic development of the regions belonging to the Union, including Poland, is becoming in creasingly important. The aim of the article is to discuss the issue of the development of trans-European transport corridors, which also pass through the territory of Poland, and to present changes in EU policy concerning the shaping of transport infrastructure in Europe, as a result of which a single transport network is to be created in the near future, meeting the communication and economic needs of the countries belonging to the Community.

Economic and geographic analysis of road service structure of the Republic of Belarus (on the example of highways)

The article is devoted to the economic and geographic characteristics of territorial differences in roadside services providing on the main roads of the Republic of Belarus of the 2015–2019. At present, the relevant issues related to the problems, organization, functioning and increasing the efficiency of roadside service facilities are widely represented in the studies of economists. However, the issue of the territorial organization of roadside service has not been practically studied in geographical science. The aim of the work is an economic and geographical analysis of spatial differences and patterns in the development of roadside services on the main roads of the Republic of Belarus and suggesting priority development areas, taking into account economic and geographical factors and identified regularities. The research provides a comparative analysis of the roadside service in the main roads and economic and geographical factors which determine the development of the roadside service network. Such factors include: traffic intensity, population of the administrative region, transport accessibility of service facilities for urban residents, level of socio-economic development of the region. The patterns of territorial differentiation of roadside services have been established, which are manifested in a high concentration of objects and services in areas with high traffic, attraction to large cities and the state border. The question of the service complexity, which is expressed in the number of roadside services types and the development of multifunctional facilities, which provide 5 or more types of services, is considered. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the research of geographical aspects of roadside services is performed for the first time in the country and international aspects of the problem, an economic and geographical typology of main roads was proposed based on the type of roadside service structure and belonging to trans-European transport corridors using the example of the Republic of Belarus. The following typology enables to determine the underdevelopment of certain types of roadside services, such as car service stations, car washes, and guarded parking lots. The value of this study lies in identifying priority directions for the development of highways roadside service based on identified road services particularities: expanding the range of roadside services on facilities territory, developing a network of secure parking lots, including for trucks, developing multifunctional service complexes, providing paid and free self-service system services.

Transevropski saobraćajni koridori - doprinos ekonomskim performansama evropskih regiona

Transevropski saobraćajni koridori - doprinos ekonomskim performansama evropskih regiona

LOGISTIC ACTIVITIES IN BELARUS: TRENDS AND CHALLENGES

Main results of investigations on logistics activities in the Republic of Belarus at year-end 2016 are presented in the paper. The paper identifies and analyzes basic components of this activity on the basis of economic evaluation of indices presented in annual State statistical reporting on logistics and transport and freight forwarding activities of the Republican organizations according to form 1-logistics (Mintrans – Ministry of Transport and Communications of the Republic of Belarus), a report of the Ministry of Transport and Communications of the Republic of Belarus on the results of the implementation of Republican Program for development of logistics systems and transit potential of the Republic of Belarus for the period of 2016–2020, World Bank reports on logistics performance index, some indices of logistics infrastructure position and also results of electronic questionnaire of the largest logistics centers of the Republic of Belarus. Methods of comparative analysis, generalization and economic analysis have been used in the process of research. The analysis has shown that a network of logistics centers with various specialization and forms of property are located and operating in all regions of the Republic of Belarus. Most of them are situated in the Minsk region near the II and IX trans-European transport corridors and in the Brest region near the border with Poland. Structure of the logistics centers includes temporary storage warehouses, customs warehouses, warehouses for general use, container terminals, car parking, customs clearance office, and automotive, railway and other cargo transport facilities. Indices of logistics activity in the Republic of Belarus demonstrate its development in 2016. Storage space of logistics centers and main financial and volumetric indices of logistics activity which are included in the State statistical reporting have been increased during in recent times. These facts testify to the demand for logistics capacity of the Republic of Belarus and its efficient economic and infrastructure development.

Łódź in the regional and national transportation system

This article presents the location of Łódź in the transport network of Poland and the Łódź region. It focuses on the centre’s location in reference to the main elements of road, rail and air networks on a national and regional scale. Due to physical and geographical location of Łódź, the three branches of transport exhaust the city’s transport possibilities. Besides that, transport relations of Łódź are characterized as far as the functioning public transport is concerned, considering all the aforementioned modes of transport. The study also includes information on the significance of Łódź as a transport node for cargo transport. All these analyses precede reflections on the location of Łódź against the background of trans-European transport corridors as well as an overview of historical conditioning of transport connections of the area of today’s Łódź.

The impacts of spatial planning on the sustainable territorial development of the Rhine-Danube Trans-European Transport Corridor through Serbia

ABSTRACTThe Danube River is both the international waterway E-80 and the Rhine-Danube Core Network Corridor of nine European corridors in the trans-European transport network, and it is the core area of the most significant Danubian development axis in the Republic of Serbia. The present research focus of this paper is the integrated impact of spatial planning on achieving the sustainable territorial development of the Rhine-Danube Corridor through Serbia and its potential transboundary impact. Integrated assessment (environmental and social), based on the combined application of the standard strategic environmental assessment (SEA) method and the newly presented adapted strategic environmental assessment (ASEA) method, has made it possible to predict the effects of future activities on the sustainable territorial development of the waterway corridor, not only in Serbia, but also in other Danubian countries. The applied combination of the SEA and ASEA methods is presented in the form of key planning solutions in three selected sectors: international inland waterway, water management infrastructure and tourism. The results indicate that the negative impacts of potential conflicts between the planning solutions are far greater than the negative impacts of individual planning solutions, and that it is more difficult to control and mitigate or neutralize them.

Trans-European transport corridor and opposition to a development project: The contested development of Stuttgart railway station

La decision de la Commission europeenne de mettre en place trente projets prioritaires en 2004 a conduit a l’elaboration d’une ligne ferroviaire a grande vitesse entre Paris et Bratislava. Le projet prioritaire n°17 traverse quatre Etats de l’Union europeenne (France, Allemagne, Autriche et Slovaquie) aux structures territoriales differentes. Dans le cadre d’une reforme de la politique des transports, les projets prioritaires ont ete remplaces depuis janvier 2014 par les corridors transeuropeens afin d’obtenir un maillage unifie de l’espace europeen. La gouvernance demeure complexe du fait du grand nombre d’instances participant a l’elaboration des projets, ce qui explique la longueur de leur mise en place. La ligne ferroviaire Paris-Bratislava comprend plusieurs projets d’amenagement autour des gares (construction ou extension) parmi lesquels le projet controverse Stuttgart 21. La ville-capitale du Land allemand du Bade-Wurtemberg ainsi que la Deutsche Bahn ont, en effet, depuis les annees 1980, le souhait de renover la gare centrale de Stuttgart. La contestation s’est accentuee en 2010 avec le debut des travaux. Elle s’est principalement localisee a Stuttgart mais nous avons egalement pu constater la presence d’acteurs nationaux voire transnationaux aux cotes des habitants. Quels sont les acteurs vises par la contestation ? Comment, face aux oppositions, les differentes echelles de decisions et d’actions s’entremelent pour essayer de faire emerger ce projet ?

The Bot - Model for Financing Slovenia’s Railway Infrastructure Development

The development of the railway infrastructure is of essential importance for Slovenia which lies at the crossing of V. and X. trans-European transport corridors and has been recently confronting the increasing road traffic and severe environmental conditions. To successfully cope with these challenges and achieve positive multiplicative macroeconomic effects of railway infrastructure investment the government formulated the Resolution on National Program of Public Railway Infrastructure Development (ReNPPRID). The investment program, its realization being planned for the period between 2005 and 2020, was divided into two parts: (i) the development part which includes investment to upgrade and enlarge the public railway infrastructure, and (ii) the regular part referring to implementation of public service and maintenance of existing infrastructure. Since the regular part is going to be financed from the state budget, we will focus only on the financing of those infrastructure projects that are included into the development part and promise a considerable quality improvement of the railway network and transport services.

Spatial definition of the Danube-Morava corridor

Position of the Danube-Morava corridor in its entirety and lateral links coincides with the Trans-European Transport Corridor X One segment of the Corridor VII and one internal lateral segment are attached to the Corridor X as well. That corridor as the main geographical route, and its spatial preferences supplemented by more intensive economic and infrastructural activation, represents the principal axis of development and integration of Serbia into her neighborhood in South-East Europe.

The evaluation of the development of the Danube-Morava corridor traffic network

Traffic has the primary influence on the development of the Danube-Morava Corridor as a specific natural, geographically determined and stochastic-functional territorial system. The traffic network of roads railway lines and waterways along this corridor is at the very core of the Trans-European Transport Corridor 10, representing its most dynamic, most congested and highest-traffic section. The influence, namely the creative power of traffic, largely depends on the degree of development modernization and maintenance of the network. This work presents the assessment of the development of the Danube-Morava Corridor traffic network.

Trans-European transport networks influence on the regional development and urban systems: Serbian experience

The trans-European transport network has different effects at macro regional mezzo-regional and micro-regional level, and its effectiveness rises with the lower regional levels. Possible approaches to the trans-European transport network impact and effect survey and policy options have been pointed out. The importance of increased accessibility and mobility for regional expansion and for a more balanced and polycentric system of city networks has been underlined. Changes in the spatial organization utilization and structure of cities, as well as in social benefits and losses subsequent to impacts of trans-European transport corridor "X" section Belgrade-Nis have been analyzed. The new trans-European or major transport infrastructure does not per se create regional and urban system network development, although it can affect the conditions for the processes that create growth and development. The effects can be increased by co-ordination of measures of regional, spatial and urban policy, land use transport, environmental and other policies. The necessary measure is the introduction of spatial impact assessment as sartorial policy instrument for the large transport infrastructure plans and projects.

Via Regia

Транс’європейський транспортний коридор № 3 як частка світової транспортної системи дає імпульс для динамічного просторового розвитку територій в зоні його впливу, сприяє створенню єдиного торгового ринку і подальшій інтеграції європейських країн. Виявлено напрямки просторового розвитку Львівщини в зоні впливу транс’європейського транспортного коридору ЕД – С ІІІ VIA REGIA. Transeuropean transport corridor № 3 as a part of the whole transport system gives the impulse to the dynamic development of the territories that are located in the area of its impact and contributes to the one market system and the sustainable integration of the European countries. The main tendencies of the Lviv region spatial development in the area of the transeuropean transport corridor ЕД – С ІІІ VIA REGIA influence are pointed out in the article.

Estimating Some Social and Environmental Effects from Rail/Road Substitution in the Trans-European Transport Corridors

This paper deals with estimating possible effects in terms of mitigating the social and environmental impacts which could be achieved by operating the rail freight train instead of the road truck services in the given Trans-European transport corridor during the specified period of time. In general, these impacts embrace noise, congestion, traffic incidents/accidents (Safety), and energy consumption and related GHG emissions (Greenhouse Gases). Each type of impact, specific to particular mode, is analyzed and modeled, thus enabling its quantitative estimation and intermodal comparison under the given circumstances. In particular, energy consumption and related GHG emissions and their costs have been under focus. The total costs of the above-mentioned impacts in the given case have also been estimated. Thus, they both represent a solid base for the assessment of the social-environmental feasibility of the future similar cases.