Relative Trajectory Research Articles

Transactional development of science and mathematics knowledge and reading proficiency for multilingual students across languages of instruction.

This longitudinal study explored the reciprocal relations between students' domain-specific knowledge (science and mathematics) and reading proficiency from kindergarten to Grade 5. We compared these relational trajectories across both domains in the overall sample and examined the domain specificity of these relations within a multilingual subsample with varying language instruction backgrounds. Using latent curve modeling with structured residuals on a nationally representative data set, we identified two key patterns. In the overall sample, higher reading proficiency at kindergarten was associated with greater growth in science and mathematics knowledge, with a particularly pronounced effect in science. The predictive power of science knowledge on reading proficiency strengthened significantly from Grades 2 to 5, while reciprocal relations in mathematics intensified over time. For multilingual students, outcomes varied by the language of instruction. Those receiving English-only instruction showed early correlations between science and mathematics knowledge and reading proficiency; however, initial science and mathematics knowledge did not predict long-term growth in reading proficiency. Conversely, multilingual students who received instruction in their native language showed no immediate correlations at kindergarten. Nonetheless, their early science and mathematics knowledge significantly predicted later growth in reading proficiency. The findings underscore the critical role of native-language instruction in providing an accessible, vital cognitive and linguistic foundation that supports deeper domain knowledge building, highlighting the enduring benefits of native-language scaffolding. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

São Luiz do Paraitinga: o rio e os cenários pós-enchentes

The city of São Luiz do Paraitinga has had a unique trajectory in relation to the context of cities in the Paraíba Valley region, in São Paulo, Brazil. Since the foundation of its settlement and the planning of its layout in the 18th century by Morgado de Mateus, the town has remained on the fringes of regional development, playing a less important role in the coffeeproduction circuit, which has allowed certain local traditions to remain, such as the caipira culture, the rural way of life and the religious festivities that are still local attractions today. In 2010, an unprecedented floodswept through its historic center. Buildings made of wattle and daub were unable to withstand the water and collapsed, with partial and total damage remaining. The reconstruction of the city, as well as the landmarks listed at state and federal level, represent a unique case among similar Brazilian cases, which justified a more in-depth study. The 1982 Conselho de Defesa do Patrimônio Histórico, Arqueológico, Artístico e Turístico do Estado and 2010 Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional registrations reiterated the importance of the city center, its architectural ensemble and its landscape, as it was one of the first planned foundations. However, the social, cultural and economic contrasts between the Historic Center and other neighborhoods in the city raise the question of the effectiveness of landmarks and their management as a Historic and Landscape Heritage. In 2022, the cycle restarted and a flood again caused damage to at least 120 buildings. Faced with this fact, the question arises of how to preserve a landscape that is permanently at risk.

Influence of Ocean Current Features on the Performance of Machine Learning and Dynamic Tracking Methods in Predicting Marine Drifter Trajectories

Accurately and rapidly predicting marine drifter trajectories under conditions of information scarcity is critical for addressing maritime emergencies and conducting marine surveys with resource-limited unmanned vessels. Machine learning-based tracking methods, such as Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTM), offer a promising approach for trajectory prediction in such scenarios. This study combines satellite observations and idealized simulations to compare the predictive performance of LSTM with a resource-dependent dynamic tracking method (DT). The results indicate that when driven solely by historical drifter paths, LSTM achieves better trajectory predictions when trained and tested on relative trajectory intervals rather than the absolute positions of individual trajectory points. In general, LSTM provides a more accurate geometric pattern of trajectories at the initial stages of forecasting, while DT offers superior accuracy in predicting specific trajectory positions. The velocity and curvature of ocean currents jointly influence the prediction quality of both methods. In regions characterized by active sub-mesoscale dynamics, such as the fast-flowing and meandering Kuroshio Current and Kuroshio Current Extension, DT predicts more reliable trajectory patterns but lacks precision in detailed position estimates compared to LSTM. However, in areas dominated by the fast but relatively straight North Equatorial Current, the performance of the two methods reverses. The two methods also demonstrate different tolerances for noise and sampling intervals. This study establishes a baseline for selecting machine learning methods for marine drifter prediction and highlights the limitations of AI-based predictions under data-scarce and resource-constrained conditions.

Relative Trajectories of Contaminated, Spherical Drops in a Temperature Gradient and Gravity at Finite Stokes Numbers

Relative Trajectories of Contaminated, Spherical Drops in a Temperature Gradient and Gravity at Finite Stokes Numbers

Chinese investment in Central and Eastern Europe: Studying the evolution of industrial relations after the takeover of a Slovenian company

The article studies the approach Chinese investors apply to industrial relations at the company level in Central and Eastern Europe. The takeover of a home appliances producer in Slovenia by a Chinese state-owned enterprise and the trajectory of company-level industrial relations are analysed. Adopting a political economy approach, we examine the role played by market-related factors (especially FDI motivation), institutional context, trade union power resources and the Chinese state as an investor. The study contributes in two ways. First, it shows the inadequacy of market-based explanations as host institutions and actors modify transfer outcomes, blurring the ideal types, such as the ‘latecomer’ model and its apparent CEE counterpart. Second, the strategic interests of Chinese SOEs may unwillingly empower local actors struggling to influence transfer outcomes.

Associations of serial negative income shock and all-cause mortality: a longitudinal study in China

IntroductionWith a precarious economic outlook and increasing income volatility in current times, understanding the association between negative income shock and health is crucial. However, few studies have examined such associations...

Intention inference for space targets using deep convolutional neural network

Intention inference for space targets is crucial for space situational awareness. This paper introduces a rapid and precise method for recognizing the intentions of non-cooperative space targets using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN). By employing a relative orbital dynamics model, an analysis of relative motion was performed, resulting in the identification of 11 distinct motion intentions for space targets. This study also describes how to generate relative motion trajectory images to create a training set for intention inference, effectively converting the problem into one of image recognition and classification. Extensive simulations were carried out to fine-tune the network hyperparameters, and the results highlight the exceptional performance of the proposed CNN-based method, which achieved an accuracy of 99.682%. This method significantly enhances recognition accuracy over other neural network-based methods for space objects and offers considerable potential for applications like spacecraft collision avoidance and strategic maneuvers among space targets.

VSLAM based on deep learning in low-textured scenes

Abstract Traditional Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (VSLAM) algorithms often suffer from the low positioning accuracy and robustness of the traditional feature extraction methods. These methods typically require environments with clear features, perform poorly or even fail in low-textured scenes. To solve this problem, we propose an RGB-D VSLAM algorithm that integrates a deep learning feature extraction network. First, to solve the problem in which sufficient feature points cannot be extracted, the proposed algorithm uses the R2D2 feature extraction network to extract keypoints and generate descriptors. We also perform lightweight optimization on the R2D2 network, ensuring accuracy while doubling the inference speed. Subsequently, we employ the L2 distance to measure the distance between descriptors, thereby enhancing the accuracy of keypoint matching. Ultimately, we add a dense mapping thread to obtain a dense 3D point map generated by the RGB-D information and poses of the keyframes. The experimental results on the TUM dataset show that the average absolute trajectory error is reduced by 59% and the relative trajectory error is reduced by 56%. The results demonstrate that our algorithm significantly improves localization accuracy and system robustness in low-textured environments.

Using Family Systems Theory in Counseling Mixed-Faith Latter-Day Saint Couples After a Religious Disaffiliation

Increasingly, marriages in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints transition from a same-faith to “mixed-faith” status as one spouse religiously disaffiliates. Due to unique beliefs and expectations in sharing beliefs, increased risks of conflict and dissolution are identified. Theorizing the phenomenon through Family Systems Theory, this article assists providers in employing a systemic diagnosis to navigate conflicting triangulations between spouses, while assisting couples in choosing a relational trajectory, deconstructing prior patterns, and creating new patterns centered on shared values. Interventions will be illustrated with a case study; limitations and implications will be discussed.

Narrating lives across 16 years: Developmental trajectories of coherence and relations to well-being in a lifespan sample.

The ability to narrate a life coherently develops first in adolescence, but little is known about its course across adulthood and into old age. Also, the potential association of life narrative coherence with well-being has never been studied. Our aim was to investigate lifespan development of coherence and associations with well-being using data from the longitudinal MainLife study. A total of 172 urban Germans (8-80 years; 87 females) narrated their lives up to six times across 16 years (N = 803 brief entire life narratives). Most were highly educated, and the proportion of a migration background was typical for the local population. Life narratives were rated for three types of global coherence (temporal, causal-motivational, and thematic) and coded for two types of autobiographical arguments (stability maintaining and change engendering). Multilevel models were used to investigate their lifespan development and relations to well-being. While most life narrative measures increased up to emerging adulthood and then remained stable, thematic coherence continued to increase into middle adulthood. Only change-engendering autobiographical arguments slowly decreased from midlife onward. Unexpectedly, neither autobiographical arguments nor global coherence correlated significantly with well-being. Data exploration suggested an association between thematic coherence and self-continuity. We conclude that life narrative coherence may only be related to well-being if samples include cases with more extreme noncoherence (e,g., clinical disorders). Our findings add to understanding the development of the life story across the lifespan, especially in older age, and suggest studying relations of coherence, self-continuity, and well-being specifically in life crises and in clinical samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Neoliberalism by stealth? Labour reforms and institutional discontinuity in worker representation in France

This article analyses the 2017 reforms to worker representation in France, focusing on the transition and implementation phases. The authors conducted 160 interviews with managers, union and employee representatives in seven large French companies across retail, finance, energy and pharmaceuticals. The article introduces the notion of institutional discontinuity to describe the path taken through the 2017 reforms, where a change to the formal institutional structures is expected to bring about a change in the functioning of representative institutions. The findings contribute to debates on the trajectories of employment relations in France. The authors argue that institutional discontinuity has opened a wider path towards more discretion-enhancing representative institutions, reflecting a clearer neoliberal path in employment relations. Yet, recognising that changing institutional form does not necessarily, nor automatically result in institutions functioning differently, the authors also analyse how actors play a role in shaping the process, whether they try to facilitate the change or to limit its effects.

Distributed control of spacecraft formation under [formula omitted] perturbation in the port-Hamiltonian framework

To control the relative position and relative velocity of spacecraft formation, a time-varying nonlinear relative motion model under J2 perturbation in an elliptical orbit is established in the port-Hamiltonian (PH) framework, and a distributed control law for spacecraft formation is developed using the consensus algorithm for parameter estimation and the passivity-based control (PBC) method based on the state-error interconnection and damping assignment (IDA) technique. First, the influence of J2 perturbation on the potential energy and orbit parameters in the model is considered when the relative motion model is built in the PH frame, and the expression of the relative motion acceleration under J2 perturbation is given. Second, to solve the problem that the state of the chief spacecraft cannot be directly obtained from the deputy spacecraft under distributed communication, a consensus-based parameter estimation method is introduced, the estimated parameter of the chief spacecraft is applied to the relative motion model in the PH frame, and a state error model with the estimated parameters derived from the consistency algorithm is established. Then, after the stability analysis is conducted on the desired PH system containing the estimated parameter values, the desired Hamiltonian energy function with the estimated parameters is designed according to the time-varying errors of the relative equilibrium states of the deputy spacecraft and the errors between deputy spacecraft, and the distributed control law of spacecraft formation is derived based on the state-error IDA-PBC method. Finally, the expected relative motion trajectory designed based on the TH equation is used to simulate a spacecraft formation under J2 perturbation, and the results indicate that the spacecraft can quickly converge to the expected formation under the influence of the control law.

Individual differences in developmental trajectories of affective attention and relations with competence and social reticence with peers.

This study examined individual differences in affective attention trajectories in infancy and relations with competence and social reticence at 24 months. Data collection spanned 2017 to 2021. Infants (N = 297, 53% White, 49% reported as assigned male at birth) recruited in South Central and Central Pennsylvania and Northern New Jersey provided eye-tracking data at five assessments. Caregivers self-reported anxiety symptoms, infant temperamental negative affect, and infant competence at the final assessment. A subgroup of infants participated in a peer social dyad at the final assessment. Using group-based trajectory modeling, we found three groups of infants with different affective attention trajectories: affective attention increasers (n = 73), affective attention shifters (n = 156), and affective attention decreasers (n = 50). Affective attention increasers exhibited low intercepts with steep attention increases, particularly to angry facial configurations. Affective attention shifters exhibited middle intercepts with attention decreases to facial configurations but an attention increase to angry facial configurations. Affective attention decreasers exhibited high intercepts with steep attention decreases. Infants in the affective attention increasers group exhibited more competence when accounting for caregiver anxiety symptoms and infant temperamental negative affect. Group membership was not related to social reticence during the peer social dyad. Infants higher in temperamental negative affect exhibited more social reticence, particularly as the social dyad continued. Our results provide evidence for individual differences in developmental trajectories of affective attention and relations with toddler social behavior. Our results are primarily generalizable to rural and urban populations in the Midatlantic United States. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Effect of the cone-beam CT acquisition trajectory on image quality in spine surgery: experimental cadaver study

BACKGROUNDIntraoperative 3D imaging with cone-beam CT (CBCT) improves assessment of implant position and reduces complications in spine surgery. It is also used for image-guided surgical techniques, resulting in improved quality of care. However, in some cases, metal artifacts can reduce image quality and make it difficult to assess pedicle screw position and reduction. PURPOSEThe objective of this study was to investigate whether a change in CBCT acquisition trajectory in relation to pedicle screw position during dorsal instrumentation can reduce metal artifacts and consequently improve image quality and clinical assessability. STUDY DESIGNExperimental cadaver study. METHODSA human cadaver was instrumented with pedicle screws in the thoracic and lumbar spine region (Th11 to L5). Then, the acquisition trajectory of the CBCT (Cios Spin, Siemens, Germany) to the pedicle screws was systematically changed in 5° steps in angulation (−30° to +30°) and swivel (−25° to +25°). Subsequently, radiological evaluation was performed by 3 blinded, qualified raters on image quality using 9 questions (including anatomical structures, implant position, appearance of artifacts) with a score (1–5 points). For statistical evaluation, the image quality of the different acquisition trajectories was compared to the standard acquisition trajectory and checked for significant differences. RESULTSThe angulated acquisition trajectory significantly increased the score for subjective image quality (p<.001) as well as the clinical assessability of pedicle screw position (p<.001) with particularly strong effects on subjective image quality in the vertebral pedicle region (d=1.61). Swivel of the acquisition trajectory significantly improved all queried domains of subjective image quality (p<.001) as well as clinical assessability of pedicle screw position (p<.001). CONCLUSIONSIn this cadaver study, the angulation as well as the swivel of the acquisition trajectory led to a significantly improved image quality in intraoperative 3D imaging (CBCT) with a constant isocenter. The data show that maximizing the angulation/swivel angle towards 30°/25° provides the best tested subjective image quality and enhances clinical assessability. Therefore, a correct adjustment of the acquisition trajectory can help to make intraoperative revision decisions more reliably. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe knowledge of enhanced image quality by changing the acquisition trajectory in intraoperative 3D imaging can be used for the assessment of critical screw positions in spine surgery. The implementation of this knowledge requires only a minor change of the current intraoperative imaging workflow without additional technical equipment and could further reduce the need for revision surgery.

Supplemental Material for Individual Differences in Developmental Trajectories of Affective Attention and Relations With Competence and Social Reticence With Peers

Supplemental Material for Individual Differences in Developmental Trajectories of Affective Attention and Relations With Competence and Social Reticence With Peers

The relationships between teachers’ evaluation of children’s academic readiness and children’s later outcomes

Kindergarten is emphasized as a critical first entry into the education system, as politicians and pundits believe kindergartners’ success can lead to later academic achievement. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of kindergarten school readiness data should consider how it is measured and how that affects learning. Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Studies—Kindergarten (ECLS-K) cohort 2010–2011 data, the author examined the relationship between teacher reports about children’s academic readiness at kindergarten entrance and their later outcomes in reading, math, and science through fifth grade. This study used a latent basis growth model with time-invariant predictors to analyze the relationship's trajectory. Overall, findings determined that teachers’ perceptions of children’s Approaches to Learning, mathematical thinking, and science significantly impacted later achievements in math and science direct assessments throughout elementary education. This research discussed the practice and policy implications on teachers’ perceptions of school readiness and its impact on later academic outcomes.

Agency and structure in the age of European disintegration

This article analyses the causal factors behind the Brexit vote, aiming to contribute to the literature on European disintegration. It addresses how, amidst external factors such as the EU debt crisis and the 2015 refugee crisis, pre-existing ideological forces deeply ingrained in a society can surface and steer a country's trajectory in relation to European integration. Employing a rigorous process-tracing design, it highlights the forces that led to the referendum and its outcome, identifying key patterns that can be extrapolated to comparable cases within the field of EU integration theory. The analysis operates at two levels: it scrutinizes the constraints faced by Cameron's government in the lead-up to the vote, and it probes the British electorate's attitude toward EU and how it was influenced by the Leave campaign. The study draws from an empirical case to identify some of the patterns of this ongoing political process.

Longitudinal plasma phosphorylated-tau217 and other related biomarkers in a non-demented Alzheimer's risk-enhanced sample.

Understanding longitudinal change in key plasma biomarkers will aid in detecting presymptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Serial plasma samples from 424 Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention participants were analyzed for phosphorylated-tau217 (p-tau217; ALZpath) and other AD biomarkers, to study longitudinal trajectories in relation to disease, health factors, and cognitive decline. Of the participants, 18.6% with known amyloid status were amyloid positive (A+); 97.2% were cognitively unimpaired (CU). In the CU, amyloid-negative (A-) subset, plasma p-tau217 levels increased modestly with age but were unaffected by body mass index and kidney function. In the whole sample, average p-tau217 change rates were higher in those who were A+ (e.g., simple slopes(se) for A+ and A- at age 60 were 0.232(0.028) and 0.038(0.013))). High baseline p-tau217 levels predicted faster preclinical cognitive decline. p-tau217 stands out among markers for its strong association with disease and cognitive decline, indicating its potential for early AD detection and monitoring progression. Phosphorylated-tau217 (p-tau217) trajectories were significantly different in people who were known to be amyloid positive. Subtle age-related trajectories were seen for all the plasma markers in amyloid-negative cognitively unimpaired. Kidney function and body mass index were not associated with plasma p-tau217 trajectories. Higher plasma p-tau217 was associated with faster preclinical cognitive decline.

Research of integrated spiral maneuvering and guidance based on virtual target

To address the issue of interception, maneuvering, and precise guidance during the final stage of gliding flight, a study was conducted on the design of integrated maneuvering and guidance using a spiral trajectory as the focus. Firstly, the spiral trajectory was decomposed into an optimal reference trajectory considering the glide angle constraint and a relative motion trajectory. Then, virtual circular moving targets were introduced to meet the requirements of spiral maneuvering and virtual trajectory moving targets were introduced to ensure trajectory convergence, based on the task division of different flight stages. Finally, the guidance rate of the reference trajectory was designed based on optimal control theory, and the guidance rate of the spiral maneuver was designed based on pure proportional guidance. Simulation results show that this guidance method can enable the vehicle to perform active spiral maneuvers, and control the landing deviation and impact angle deviation to within 2.5 m and 1 degree, respectively.

Design of a logistics warehouse robot positioning and recognition model based on improved EKF and calibration algorithm

Automatic guided vehicles for logistics warehousing are a key link in the construction of intelligent logistics. To improve the positioning accuracy of warehouse robots, we designed an advanced extended Kalman filter method integrating multiple synchronous positioning techniques and map construction methods, and completed the calibration and detection of pallets based on color image information. The results revealed that the proposed multi-innovation enhanced model achieved minimum relative rotation and absolute trajectory errors of 0.13 and 0.09, outperforming existing models. It showcased excellent mapping fidelity and integrity (above 0.9) across various datasets, with a high loop detection success rate (0.91) enhancing map precision. The tray fusion detection algorithm's AUC (area under the curve) reached 0.92, reflecting a balanced accuracy-recall tradeoff. This research offers robust positioning and mapping capabilities in logistics warehousing environments, effectively identifying errors and ensuring pallet accuracy. The detection error and accuracy of this method are better than the other three models, with the lowest average absolute error of 0.32 and the lowest root-mean-square error of 0.27, and the overall error in the detection of pallets is small. The findings provide strong theoretical backing and technical support for advancing intelligent logistics warehousing technology. Precise positioning and identification capabilities enable logistics and warehousing robots to accurately and quickly complete tasks such as access, handling and sorting of goods, greatly improving the efficiency of warehousing operations, promoting the digital transformation and intelligent development of the logistics and warehousing industry, and improving the competitiveness of the industry and the level of service.