Trait Coping Style Questionnaire Research Articles

An interaction study of online learning satisfaction with parent-child relationships and trait coping styles.

As the physical and mental development of the young is not only influenced by the parent-child relationship (PR) and the student's academic performance, but also moderated by trait coping styles (TCS), the changes between these three during the online learning period in an epidemic need to be reconsidered. This study aims to explore the factors affecting online learning satisfaction (OLS) among students and their interaction with parent-child relationship and trait coping style. A web-based questionnaire was employed, encompassing general information, the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ), and queries related to OLS. A total of 1,287 valid questionnaires were collected, with 593 from junior high school students, 197 from high school students, and 497 from university students. Our findings indicate that parent-child relationship (PR), positive coping style (PCS), and learning status (LS) showed a positive correlation with OLS (r=0.110, P<0.001; r=0.786, P<0.001). Conversely, negative coping style (NCS) presented a negative correlation with OLS (r=-0.186, P<0.01). Multiple regression analysis of OLS reveals that PR has a significant impact on OLS (P<0.001, β=0.291), as does LS (P<0.001, β=0.767). However, trait coping styles (TCS) appear to have no significant effect on OLS. Notably, PR plays a significant and positive mediating role between LS and OLS, with a mediation effect of 0.0132 (P<0.05), accounting for 1.682% of the total effect. These findings suggest that strengthening parent-child interactions and fostering adaptive coping mechanisms could play a crucial role in enhancing students' satisfaction with online education. Such improvements could potentially contribute to superior academic outcomes and overall student well-being.

A study on different types of moral courage and coping styles of clinical nurses: based on potential profile analysis

BackgroundIn professional ethics-related events, there are various unpleasant and complex ethical issues that require strong moral courage. Our aim is to identify and describe the potential categories of moral courage among nurses and to clarify the coping styles of nurses under different categories.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted using three data collection tools: a self-designed general information questionnaire, a Chinese version of the Moral Courage Scale, and a Trait Coping Style Questionnaire. Three hundred fourteen nurses from a tertiary hospital in Heilongjiang Province, China, were analysed using potential profile analysis, descriptive analysis, and Mann-Whitney U test data.ResultThe latent profile analysis (LPA) results indicate that the two-profile model is the most suitable and supports the existence of two different moral courage profiles: the low moral courage group (60.51%) and the high moral courage group (39.49%), with a high relative entropy value (0.922). The results point to a good profile solution, and there are significant differences between the two profiles. The Mann-Whitney U-test results showed that the positive coping scores of the high moral courage group were significantly higher than those of the low moral courage group, and the negative coping scores of the high moral courage group were significantly lower than those of the low moral courage group.ConclusionOur results reveal the heterogeneity of moral courage in the nurse sample and indicate that nurses in the high moral courage group tend to choose positive coping styles, while nurses in the low moral courage group are more likely to develop negative coping emotions. This provides important significance and reference value for nursing managers, who can propose customised management plans based on the types of moral courage of the nursing community and the coping styles under different categories.

Analysis of self-healing of depression by helping others in adolescents from the perspective of constructivism.

This study aims to explore the mechanism of psychological qualities constructed in helping others with depression and guide adolescents to actively participate in the practical activities of helping others to prevent and self-heal depression. Symptom self-rating scale, trait coping style questionnaire, and self-administered helper scale were employed. A total of 1,086 valid on-site questionnaires were collected from adolescents. The depression levels of adolescents were negatively correlated with helping beliefs, behaviors and total scores (r = -0.500, -0.401, and -0.530). Helping others had a significantly negative predictive effect on depression, effectively inhibiting depression levels. Although the positive coping style had an inhibitory effect on depression, it exerted no predictive effects on depression under the influence of helping others. In contrast, the negative coping style had a significantly positive predictive effect on depression. Proactively participating in helping others is an important way to prevent and eliminate depression in adolescents. They should be instructed to give full play to their initiatives to participate in social practice and assist others actively, thus constructing positive psychological qualities, improving mental health, and achieving self-healing of depression and self-help through helping others.

Effects of coping on nurses' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Mediating role of social support and psychological resilience.

Fighting against the COVID-19 pandemic, front-line nurses were under unprecedented psychological pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to promptly evaluate the psychological status of nurses during the COVID-19 epidemic period. To investigate nurses' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to test the mediating role of social support and psychological resilience between coping and mental health. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional survey which used a structural equation model. In total, 711 registered nurses were included. All participants were invited to complete a socio-demographic questionnaire, the general health questionnaire, the trait coping style questionnaire, the perceived social support scale and the Conner-Davidson Resilience scale. In total, 50.1% nurses had high risk of mental health. Positive coping positively affected social support and psychological resilience, while it negatively affected mental health. Negative coping negatively affected social support and psychological resilience, while it positively affected mental health. Social support positively affected psychological resilience, while it negatively affected mental health. In addition, social support mediated coping and psychological resilience, and coping and mental health. Moreover, psychological resilience negatively affected mental health, and it mediated coping and mental health.

Smart Medical System Integrated into the Design of Real-Time Monitoring System for Efficient Medical Students' Physical and Mental Health

An embedded visual remote medical monitoring front-end system is introduced, which has the functions of embedded Web transmission of medical students' mental health monitoring data, voice intercom and high-definition visual monitoring. A survey was conducted among 718 medical students using the Five-Factor Mindfulness Awareness Scale, College Students' Psychological Harmony Scale, Self-Esteem Scale, Interpersonal Interpersonal Diagnosis Scale, Trait Coping Style Questionnaire and Symptom Self-Rating Scale. The construction strategy of the smart medical system aims to provide new ideas and references for the smart medical system to adapt to the ever-expanding medical application needs. SPSS 21.0 is used to test the internal consistency of the questionnaire results.

Contribution of coping style to the association between illness uncertainty and demoralisation in patients with breast cancer: a cross-sectional mediation analysis

ObjectiveDemoralisation is a common psychological issue in patients with cancer and aggravates depression, reduces the quality of life and even causes suicidal ideation. There is a lack of knowledge about...

Analysis of mental health status before and after psychological intervention in response to public health emergencies by medical students: a prospective single-arm clinical trial.

Many human mobility restrictions have been adopted during the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Here we explored the effects of psychological interventions on the mental health status of medical students under the regular prevention and control of the pandemic. By voluntarily participating in interest groups, 121 third-year medical undergraduate students in a university in Jiangsu Province underwent psychological interventions for 1 year. Their mental status was assessed by using Zung's Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Somatic Self-rating Scale (SSS) before and after the interventions. Psychological coping styles were compared by using the trait coping style questionnaire (TCSQ). Each assessment scale is evaluated every 3 months, with the first survey results as the baseline data and compared with the last results. The resulting data was passed by SPSS 23 0 for normal testing and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). During the regular response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and somatization symptoms was 25.62% vs. 7.44%, 28.93% vs. 18.18%, and 21.49% vs. 9.92%, respectively, before and after psychological interventions (all P<0.05). The positive (31.73±4.26 vs. 38.26±3.72) and negative (27.69±3.19 vs. 20.73±2.8) coping styles significantly differed before and after intervention (both P<0.05). Varying degrees of anxiety, depression, and somatization symptoms can occur in medical students during the regular response to COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the impact of public health emergencies on college students. Interest group-based psychological intervention, along with individual mental health counseling, can positively promote the mental health of college students and effectively improve their anxiety.

The mediating role of coping strategies between depression and social support and the moderating effect of the parent-child relationship in college students returning to school: During the period of the regular prevention and control of COVID-19.

According to the WHO, compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic, young people showed a significant increase in depressive symptoms. In light of the recent coronavirus pneumonia pandemic, this study was conducted to determine how social support, coping style, parent-child relationships, and depression are associated. We investigated how these factors interacted and affected the prevalence of depression during this challenging and unheard-of time. Our research may help both individuals and healthcare professionals better comprehend and assist those who are coping with the pandemic's psychological effects. 3,763 students from a medical college in Anhui Province were investigated with Social Support Rate Scale, Trait Coping Style Questionnaire, and Self-rating Depression Scale. When the pandemic situation was normalizing, social support was associated with depression and the coping style of college students (p < 0.01). During the period of pandemic normalization, the parent-child relationship moderated the relationship between social support and positive coping (t = -2.45, p < 0.05); the parent-child relationship moderated the relationship between social support and negative coping (t = -4.29, p < 0.01); and the parent-child relationship moderated the association between negative coping and depression (t = 2.08, p < 0.05). Social support has an impact on depression in the period of the regular prevention and control of COVID-19 through the mediating role of coping style and the moderating effect of the parent-child relationship.

Relationship between psychological capital and depression in Chinese physicians: The mediating role of organizational commitment and coping style.

It is well known that the medical profession is a high-risk practice, with intense work and complex situations. The physicians are prone to suffer from depression due to occupational stress under high workloads for long periods of time. Depression not only impairs physicians' mental health, but also affects the quality of health services, so it is important to explore the factors and mechanisms affecting depression among physicians. In this cross-sectional study, 1,139 physicians from Heilongjiang Province were surveyed by cluster sampling procedures. The questionnaires included Psychological Capital Questionnaire, Chinese Employee Organizational Commitment Questionnaire, Trait Coping Style Questionnaire and Self-rating Depression Scale. Pearson correlation analysis and Bootstrap were used for statistical analysis. This study found that 41.6% of physicians suffering from depression. Among them, 17.0% of physicians showed moderate depression, and 2.6% of physicians exhibited severe depression. The serial-multiple mediation of organizational commitment and positive coping styles in the relationship between psychological capital and depression was significant. The results showed that the psychological capital was sequentially associated with increased organizational commitment, and then increased positive coping styles, which resulted in reduced depression among physicians.

Newly graduated nurses' stress, coping, professional identity and work locus of control: Results of a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, Hong Kong and Taipei.

The study aimed to explore and compare stress, coping, professional identity and work locus of control of new graduate nurses among Shanghai, Hong Kong and Taipei. The transition from a student to a staff nurse role is recognized as a stressful experience and can be a rough journey. Many newly graduated nurses find it challenging to cope with their new roles in their first few months. A cross-sectional research was used in the study. This study was completed in Shanghai, Hong Kong and Taipei with newly graduated nurses working in hospitals. A total of 591 graduate nurses who had worked within 1 year in hospitals were recruited using convenient sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, including demographics, the occupational stress scale, the Chinese trait coping style questionnaire, the nurse professional identity scale and the work locus of control scale (Chinese version). The newly graduated nurses in Shanghai had significantly lower (p< 0.05) work stress score (2.65 ± 0.67) compared with their counterparts in Hong Kong (2.99 ± 0.69) and Taipei (2.94 ± 0.60). Newly graduated nurses in Shanghai tended to choose positive coping to deal with stressful situations, whereas those in Hong Kong would be more likely to adopt negative attitudes (p< 0.05). The newly graduated nurses in Taipei had the lowest level of professional identity (3.25 ± 0.55, p< 0.05), and their work control tended to be external (46.13 ± 6.20). In contrast, those in Shanghai (52.75 ± 6.04) and Hong Kong (59.41 ± 7.29) tended to be controlled internally. The study findings revealed the differences among newly graduated nurses in Shanghai, Hong Kong and Taipei with their level of stress, coping, professional identity and work locus of control. Proper leadership, mentoring for newly graduated nurses, and emphasis on first aid nursing training, emotional management and management of stress in newly graduated nurse transition programmes were suggested. By comparing the results in the three regions, we recommend that nursing managers promote the right leadership style. In addition to coaching, nursing managers can assign additional mentors to newly graduated nurses to help them supplement their clinical knowledge and skills with psychological support. These mentors can come from senior nurses or nursing managers working on less demanding tasks. In addition to the existing post transfer training programmes, new graduate nurses should also focus on emergency nursing training, emotional management training and stress management training.

Hope During the COVID-19 Epidemic Decreased Anxiety and Depression Symptoms Mediated by Perceived Stress: Coping Style Differences Among Patients with COVID-19.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate whether perceived stress mediated the relationship between hope and anxiety/depression symptoms among patients with COVID-19 during the epidemic. In addition, the potential moderating effect of coping styles was examined.MethodsFrom February 26 to March 10, 2020, patients with COVID-19 were asked to complete a questionnaire online, which included demographic characteristics, as well as the SCL-90-Anxiety, SCL-90-Depression, Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), Herth Hope Index (HHI), and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ). Hierarchical linear regression was performed to explore independent factors of anxiety/depression. A multi-group structural equation modeling with the collected data from patients in the Negative Coping style (NC) group and Positive Coping style (PC) group was used to test the hypothesized mechanism.ResultsIn total, 382 valid questionnaires of patients were obtained, including 96 from NC patients and 286 from PC patients. In the hierarchical linear regression, hope and perceived stress were independent risk factors for both anxiety and depression in the total sample and PC group. However, hope was not independently related to anxiety/depression in the NC group. As hypothesized, the hope of patients had significant and negative indirect effects on both anxiety and depression that were mediated by perceived stress, However, the direct effect from stress on anxiety and depression was stronger for NC patients than for PC patients. Besides, hope had significant direct effects on anxiety/depression in PC patients, but not in NC patients.ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 epidemic, perceived stress could mediate the relationship between hope and anxiety/depression symptoms among COVID-19 patients, with coping style moderating this cultivation process.

Latent profile analysis to identify subgroups of Chinese sexual minority adolescents at risk of suicidality

BackgroundThis study aimed to identify latent class profiles of sexual minority adolescents (Men Sexually attracted to Men, Women Sexually attracted to Women, and Bisexual) with elevated suicidal ideation. MethodsData were collected from 18 secondary schools in China. Sub-group classifications were identified using variables associated with suicidal ideation in sexual minority adolescents, including parental relationship quality, electronic equipment time, school bullying, and sleep quality using the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to measure sleep. Anxiety was measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7), depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), hypomania using the Hypomanic Checklist-32 (HCL-32), positive coping style was identified using the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire, and self-efficacy was measured by the General Self-Efficacy Scale. ResultsFour distinctive profiles were derived from the data. Compared to “low-risk” group (Class 3), the “adolescent with mood problems” group (Class 2) had a 9.81 times higher risk of suicidal ideation; the those who classified as “severe bullied adolescent” (Class 4) had a 9.26 times higher risk of suicidal ideation. and the “adolescents with low self-efficacy” group (Class 1) had a 4.48 times higher risk of suicidal ideation. ConclusionsSexual minority adolescents with mood problems have the highest risk of suicidal ideation, followed by adolescents frequently being bullied at school. Interventions aimed at reducing suicide risk among sexual minority adolescents may benefit from attending to such profile factors identified in this study to develop targeted clinical care.

Coping style mediates the relationship between psychological capital and depression among senior high school students

We explored the mediating effect of coping style in the relationship between psychological capital and depression in a sample of 367 senior high school students from Shanghai, China. We measured their psychological capital, coping style, and depression using the Psychological Capital Questionnaire for Adolescent Students, the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. The results show that psychological capital and positive coping were significantly and positively correlated, psychological capital and positive coping were significantly and negatively related to negative coping and depression, and negative coping and depression were significantly and positively correlated. After controlling for school type, grade, and gender, both positive and negative coping styles mediated the association between psychological capital and depression. The results indicate the importance of high levels of psychological capital and positive coping for preventing and alleviating depression in senior high school students.

Case-control study of female breast cancer and occupational risk factors based on lasso logistic regression in Beijing

Objective: To understand the relationship between female breast cancer and occupational risk factors in Beijing, and provide scientific basis for the formulation of prevention strategies and measures. Methods: From June to December 2019, A 1: 1 case-control study was adopted, eight medical institutions in Beijing were selected as the research objects. Patients with breast cancer diagnosed by medical institutions were selected as case group and non breast cancer patients in the same medical institution as control group. A total of 973 subjects were included, including 495 in the case group and 478 in the control group. A one-to-one survey was conducted using a questionnaire uniformly compiled by the Beijing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The survey content mainly includes basic demographic characteristics and occupational risk factors. The Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ) was used to investigate the corresponding methods, including two aspects: positive coping and negative coping. First, chi square test or Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for univariate analysis. Then Lasso regression was used to screen the risk factors of breast cancer. Finally, the risk factors were screened by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Education lovel was 49.64%, body mass index (BMI) was 18.4~23.9 kg/m(2), accounting for 48.82%, marital status ws 84.48%. Compared with no night shift history, there was a significant increase in risk of breast cancer at night shift history (OR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.25~2.30, P<0.05) . Compared with most of the sitting posture and sometimes standing, the risk of breast cancer was increased, and the difference was statistically significant (OR=2.01, 95%CI: 1.40~2.90, P<0.05) . Conclusion: In the occupation risk factors, night shift work and working posture are related to the incidence of breast cancer in women, establishing a good schedule and avoiding long standing can effectively prevent and reduce the occurrence of breast cancer.

Prevalence and Related Factors of Depression, Anxiety, Acute Stress, and Insomnia Symptoms Among Medical Staffs Experiencing the Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Xinjiang, China.

The prevalence and related factors of mental health impact among medical staffs who experienced the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in China is unknown. Therefore, this survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence and related factors of depressive, anxiety, acute stress, and insomnia symptoms in medical staffs in Kashi, Xinjiang, China during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among medical staffs working in First People's Hospital of Kashi, Xinjiang. The questionnaire collected demographic data and self-design questions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Impact of Events Scale-6, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7, the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory-15, and the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire were used to measure psychological symptoms or characteristics. Binary logistic regression was carried out to examine the associations between socio-demographic factors and symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia. In total, data from 123 participants were finally included, among which the prevalence rate of depressive, anxiety, acute stress, and insomnia symptoms is 60.2, 49.6, 43.1, and 41.1%, respectively. The regression model revealed that minority ethnicity, being worried about infection, spending more time on following pandemic information, and neurotic personality were positively associated with the mental health symptoms, while extraversion personality, higher education level, and better social support were negatively associated. In our study, the prevalence of mental health impact was high among medical staffs in Kashi, China who experienced the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Several factors were found to be associated with mental health conditions. These findings could help identify medical staffs at risk for mental health problems and be helpful for making precise mental health intervention policies during the resurgence. Our study may pave way for more research into Xinjiang during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The House Imagery Test: A New Measure of Mental Status

Imagery Communication Psychotherapy (ICP), a Chinese native psychotherapy, uses imagery as a medium to communicate in depth with clients. As the most essential and widely used imagery in ICP, house imagery had been found efficient to reveal global mental status. On this basis, the House Imagery Test (HIT), a new projective test, was developed. This article reports the development and validation of the HIT on a survey of 478 undergraduate students. Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ) were used as criterion in the current study. The results showed that the HIT had good test-retest reliability (<i>r</i> = .69) and internal consistency (<i>r</i> = .79). Exploratory factor analysis of the HIT exhibited a 4-factor structure, which was verified by further confirmatory factor analysis. The HIT also correlated significantly with SCL-90, SDS, SAS, PANAS and TCSQ. Overall, the HIT had acceptable reliability and validity. It was proved to be a novel and solid projective test for measurement of mental status. These findings provide a new tool to aid the clinic practice and suggest a new technical route for the development of projective tests.

COVID-19 Outbreak Can Change the Job Burnout in Health Care Professionals.

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 in China was a sudden bio-disaster, which may bring a negative impact on the job burnout of health care professionals (HCPs).Objective: We aim to find out the association factors, especially those closely related to this outbreak, of job burnout in Chinese HCPs.Method: The cross-sectional survey about HCPs' job burnout based on a network platform was conducted in high and low infection regions during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. The demographic characteristics, medical-work-related factors, risk of getting infected due to occupational exposure, and family factors were collected by the self-reported questionnaire. The Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (CMBI) and the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ) were employed in this study to evaluate the job burnout and coping style, respectively. Furthermore, statistical analysis was done to find out the associated factors of job burnout.Results: We collected 880 complete questionnaires from doctors and nurses from February 9, 2020 to February 11, 2020. In this study, the positive rates of three dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment) and overall burnout were 9.09, 50.57, 56.59, and 73.98%, respectively. After the statistical analysis, we found that several factors can independently affect the dimensions. Working in the high infection region and negative coping styles can affect all three dimensions at once. More night shift quantity and having symptoms could increase emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, while higher work intensity and senior title could increase emotional exhaustion and reduce personal accomplishment, respectively.Conclusion: The rate of moderate and severe burnout had increased due to the outbreak. More attention should be paid to burnout in HCPs, especially those with negative coping. There were some potential ways to reduce burnout, such as reducing their workload and providing better protection from the virus.

Relationships among smoking abstinence self-efficacy, trait coping style and nicotine dependence of smokers in Beijing.

INTRODUCTIONPsychological, physiological and social factors play an important role in the initiation, persistence, dependence and relapse of smoking behaviors, and coping style and smoking abstinence self-efficacy can all affect nicotine dependence.METHODSA cross-sectional sample of 568 quitters from 19 communities in Beijing in 2019 was surveyed. Demographic information and psychological characteristics of smokers were collected by an interview questionnaire, and psychological traits scales including the Smoking Abstinence Self-Efficacy (SASE) and the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ). We compared differences in psychological traits across demographic information and explored the relationship between nicotine dependence and coping styles and self-efficacy in refusing to smoke.RESULTSSignificant differences were identified in self-efficacy in refusing to smoke and across dimensions among quitters by gender, job type, education level, and monthly income level (all p<0.05). Males had lower self-efficacy in the habitual/addictive context than females; retirees had better overall self-efficacy and self-efficacy in the negative/emotional context than business service workers and professionals; and high-educated, high-income quitters had lower self-efficacy in the negative/emotional context. There are significant differences in positive coping styles among quitters of different ages, levels of education, and types of work (all p<0.05). The results further showed that the underage population, highly educated population, and practitioners other than those in retirement, are less likely to use positive coping styles. Interventional effects analysis showed that a higher sense of self-efficacy in addictive contexts can counteract some of the negative coping styles that induce smoking.CONCLUSIONSSelf-efficacy played an indirect mediating role between negative coping style and nicotine dependence; individuals who used more negative coping styles were more likely to engage in smoking and therefore were more nicotine dependent. Hence, it is necessary to reduce the use of negative coping strategies and improve the self-efficacy of smoking abstinence in the face of addiction.

Sleep quality and its impacts on quality of life among military personnel in remote frontier areas and extreme cold environments

BackgroundPoor sleep quality negatively affects the readiness of military operations and is also associated with the development of mental health disorders and decreased quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sleep quality of military personnel from remote boundaries of China and its relationship with coping strategies, anxiety, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).MethodsA cross-sectional survey was performed among military officers and soldiers from a frontier defence department and an extreme cold environment. The participants were surveyed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36).ResultsA total of 489 military officers and soldiers were included. The participants had a mean age of 22.29 years. The median overall PSQI score was 7.0 (IQR, 4.0 ~ 9.0), with 40.9% (200/489) of the subjects reporting poor sleep quality. The difficulties with sleep were mainly related to daytime dysfunction due to disrupted sleep, sleep latency, and subjective sleep quality. The median score of the SF-36 physical component was 83.5 (IQR, 73.0 ~ 90.5), and the median score of the mental component was 74.1 (IQR, 60.4 ~ 85.1). Significant correlations were found between the PSQI and SF-36 (r = − 0.435, P < 0.01). Anxiety symptoms, marital status, educational background, and global PSQI score were demonstrated as predictors of a low SF-36 physical component by multiple regression analysis (F = 17.06, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.117).ConclusionsSleep difficulty is a prevalent and underestimated problem in the military that negatively influences HRQoL, especially in physical and social functioning. Evaluation of and education on pain were recommended because of body pain and its negative impacts on sleep quality, coping strategies, anxious emotions and HRQoL.

Multiple Risk Factors of Depression and Anxiety in Medical Staffs: A Cross-Sectional Study at the Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in China

Background: The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, Hubei province, China may bring negative impact on the mental health of medical staffs. This study was conducted to evaluate the status of depression and anxiety of medical staffs and to explore the risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed including an unselected sample of medical staffs. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect the information of the basic characteristics, workload, and the health condition. Burnout and coping style were evaluated with the 15-item Chinese version of Maslach Burnout Inventory (CMBI) and 20-item Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ), respectively. Generalized anxiety disorder 7 ‐item scale (GAD-7) and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate the status of anxiety and depression. Multiple logistic regression model was performed to explore the risk factors of anxiety or depression. Outcomes: 906 questionnaires were received between February 9, 2020 to February 11, 2020. There were 36.67% participants with neither anxiety nor depression. 38.89% of participants had mild anxiety or mild depression. The proportion of participants had moderate/severe anxiety or moderate/severe depression were 24∙44%, of which 10∙44% had both moderate/severe anxiety and moderate/severe depression. The increased workload (OR=1∙971, 95%CI: 1∙291, 3∙031), having respiratory symptoms (OR=1∙799, 95%CI: 1∙118, 2∙866) and digestive symptoms (OR=1∙697, 95%CI: 1∙083, 2∙639), negative coping style (OR=3∙415, 95%CI: 2∙272, 5∙163), emotional exhaustion (OR=4∙492, 95%CI: 2∙106, 9∙836), and depersonalization (OR=3∙906, 95%CI: 2∙325, 6∙528), were independent risk factors of anxiety. Furthermore, the increased workload (OR=2∙002, 95%CI: 1∙305, 3∙094), having respiratory symptoms (OR=1∙864, 95%CI: 1∙148, 3∙001) and digestive symptoms (OR=1∙681, 95%CI: 1∙062, 2∙644), negative coping style (OR=4∙674, 95%CI: 3∙079, 7∙169), emotional exhaustion (OR=5∙817, 95%CI: 2∙550, 13∙842), depersonalization (OR=6∙705, 95% CI: 3∙987, 11∙347), and decreased personal accomplishment (OR=1∙551, 95%CI: 1∙006, 2∙407), were independent risk factors of depression. Interpretation: More attention should be paid to the mental health of frontline medical personnel at the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in China. Taking steps to reduce the intensity of the work and burnout will be effective to stabilize the mental state of them. Funding Statement: Urgent projects of scientific and technological research on COVID-19 funded by Hubei province (2020FCA014) supported this work. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Ethics Approval Statement: This cross-sectional study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College. All the participants agreed the online informed consent before entering the online questionnaire. The questionnaire was filled out voluntarily and the personal information was kept confidential.