Traits Conscientiousness Research Articles

Hand that rocks the cradle: Impact of personality on business succession in family-owned small business

ABSTRACT Entrepreneurs’ cognitive and decision-making capabilities, as well as their ability to handle relationship dynamics, are influenced by their personality traits. This study aims to identify the personality traits of descendant entrepreneurs that contribute to the successful transition of their family-owned small businesses (FoSBs) into subsequent generations and to determine which traits require strong support from their predecessors for a successful succession transition. This study collected data from 224 descendant entrepreneurs using purposive sampling. SmartPLS software was used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that descendant entrepreneurs with openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, and agreeableness traits can handle succession matters successfully, while those with neuroticism traits may not. The study found that descendant entrepreneurs with extroversion and agreeableness traits benefit from strong relationships, while those with weak relationships can still contribute to successful succession due to their openness traits. Entrepreneurs with a conscientiousness trait can succeed without support from their predecessors, but neuroticism traits hinder successful succession. The study provides guidance for business families and policy makers on assigning job responsibilities and preserving relationship quality based on the personality traits of the descendant entrepreneur. It introduces a framework for FoSBs using the trait activation theory, with the predecessor–descendant entrepreneur relationship as a situational moderator. The study found that not all descendant entrepreneurs require strong support from their predecessors for a successful transition.

Contribution of childhood lead exposure to psychopathology in the US population over the past 75 years.

More than half of the current US population was exposed to adverse lead levels in childhood as a result of lead's past use in gasoline. The total contribution of childhood lead exposures to US-population mental health and personality has yet to be evaluated. We combined serial, cross-sectional blood-lead level (BLL) data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) with historic leaded-gasoline data to estimate US childhood BLLs from 1940 to 2015 and calculate population mental-health symptom elevations from known lead-psychopathology associations. We utilized five outcomes: (1) General Psychopathology "points",reflecting an individual's liability to overall mental disorder, scaled to match IQ scores (M = 100, SD = 15); (2) Symptoms of Internalizing disorders (anxiety and depression) and Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD), both z-scored (M = 0, SD = 1); and (3) Differences in the personality traits of Neuroticism and Conscientiousness (M = 0, SD = 1). Assuming that published lead-psychopathology associations are causal and not purely correlational: We estimate that by 2015, the US population had gained 602-million General Psychopathology factor points because of exposure arising from leaded gasoline, reflecting a 0.13-standard-deviation increase in overall liability to mental illness in the population and an estimated 151 million excess mental disorders attributable to lead exposure. Investigation of specific disorder-domain symptoms identified a 0.64-standard-deviation increase in population-level Internalizing symptoms and a 0.42-standard-deviation increase in AD/HD symptoms. Population-level Neuroticism increased by 0.14 standard deviations and Conscientiousness decreased by 0.20 standard deviations. Lead-associated mental health and personality differences were most pronounced for cohorts born from 1966 through 1986 (Generation X). A significant burden of mental illness symptomatology and disadvantageous personality differences can be attributed to US children's exposure to lead over the past 75 years. Lead's potential contribution to psychiatry, medicine, and children's health may be larger than previously assumed.

Understanding the Factors Influencing Curriculum and Instructional Strategies

In educational institutions of all levels, curriculum and instructional strategies are important factors that needs to be taken into account. These are the strategies, which have the primary aim of formulating the course content in accordance to the grade levels of students. In accordance to curriculum, the instructional strategies are implemented by educators. The educators are required to be well informed in terms of different factors, which are facilitating in leading to up gradation of curriculum and instructional strategies. The grade levels of students are an important area that needs to be taken into account, when putting into practice different types of curriculum and instructional strategies. The educators need to take into account the standards and ensure, these are facilitating in promoting student learning. In order to achieve educational goals and lead to up-gradation of overall system of education, the curriculum and instructional strategies need to be enhanced. Hence, when conducting research on curriculum and instructional strategies, it is necessary to augment information in terms of factors. Furthermore, inculcation of traits of morality, ethics, diligence and conscientiousness are regarded as vital in order to do well in one’s job duties and generate desired outcomes. As a consequence, educators and co ordinators of curriculum and instruction will contribute efficiently in generating desired outcomes. Therefore, it is well understood, up gradation of curriculum and instructional strategies is approving in carrying out all types of tasks and activities in a satisfactory manner. The main concepts that are taken into account in this research paper are, factors influencing curriculum and instructional strategies and measures to be put into practice in leading to up-gradation of curriculum and instructional strategies.

Does culture influence the development of personality traits of accounting students at Indian universities?

ABSTRACT Personality traits underpin behaviour and influence professional judgement, leadership, creative thinking and decision-making in accounting. This study examines the influence of culture on the development of personality traits of undergraduate accounting students using survey results collected from four culturally diverse regions in India. Our results indicate that the cultural dimensions of individualism, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity significantly influenced the personality traits of extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness. The findings highlight the need for accounting educators and professional accounting bodies to consider culture and personality traits when designing pedagogical strategies for developing various skills in culturally diverse cohorts.

Analysis of Software Developers' Programming Language Preferences and Community Behavior From Big5 Personality Traits

ABSTRACTMany programming languages and technologies have appeared for the purpose of software development. When choosing a programming language, the developers' cognitive attributes, such as the Big5 personality traits (BPT), may play a role. The developers' personality traits can be reflected in their social media content (e.g., tweets, statuses, Q&A, reputation). In this article, we predict the developers' programming language preferences (i.e., the pattern of picking up a language) from their BPT derived from their content produced on social media. We randomly collected data from a total of 820 Twitter (currently X) and Stack Overflow (SO) users. Then, we collected user features (i.e., BPT, word embedding of tweets) from Twitter and programming preferences (i.e., programming tags, reputation, question, answer) from SO. We applied various machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques to predict their programming language preferences from their BPT. We also investigated other interesting insights, such as how reputation and question‐asking/replying are associated with the users' BPT. The findings suggest that developers with high openness, conscientiousness, and extraversion are inclined to mobile applications, object‐oriented programming, and web programming, respectively. Furthermore, developers with high openness and conscientiousness traits have a high reputation in the SO community. Our ML and DL techniques classify the developers' programming language preferences using their BPT with an average accuracy of 78%.

Promoting Enrichment of Living Conditions: Indispensable Goal of all Individuals

The individuals, belonging to all occupations, communities, categories and socio-economic backgrounds have one of the major goals of individuals of promoting enrichment of living conditions. In order to achieve this goal, they are required to augment information in terms of different types of subjects and concepts. Furthermore, they are required to reinforce the traits of morality, ethics, diligence and conscientiousness. In addition, individuals need to understand that there are some job duties, which are carried out on an individual basis, whereas, there are others, which are implemented through working in co-ordination with other individuals. One of the important aspects that needs to be taken into account is, individuals should not be disheartened due to problems and challenging situations. One needs to ensure, they are aware in terms of different job duties and methodologies. In addition, they need to augment confidence levels and overcome the feelings of apprehensiveness and vulnerability. Furthermore, all types of problems and challenging situations need to be prevented from giving rise to impediments within the course of putting into operation different types of tasks and activities. Therefore, it is understood on a comprehensive basis that promoting enrichment of living conditions is an indispensable goal of all individuals. The main concepts that are taken into account in this research paper are, understanding the meaning and significance of promoting enrichment of living conditions, measures to be put into operation in promoting enrichment of living conditions and advantages of promoting enrichment of living conditions.

Do personality profiles contribute to patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior in adulthood? A prospective cohort study

BackgroundDespite the observed associations of personality traits with levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB), studies exploring whether the personality profiles differ in terms of the pattern of accumulation of physical behavior are lacking. The aim of this study was to identify adults’ personality profiles and to characterize and investigate how these profiles differ in physical behavior.MethodsThe study utilized the longitudinal data of the participants of the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (n = 141–307). Information on the five-factor model of personality, including the traits of neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, openness, and agreeableness, was collected at ages 33, 42, 50, and 61 years, and used to create latent personality profiles. Physical behavior, operationalized as the amount and accumulation of MVPA and SB bouts, was captured using a triaxial accelerometer worn during waking hours at age 61 years. The differences in the behavior between the personality profiles were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test.ResultsFive personality profiles were identified: resilient (20.2%), brittle (14.0%), overcontrolled (9.8%), undercontrolled (15.3%), and ordinary (40.7%). Although there were no statistically significant differences between the personality profiles in the time spent in MVPA relative to SB (MVPA per hour of daily SB), individuals with resilient (low in neuroticism and high in other traits) and ordinary (average in each trait) profiles had MVPA-to-SB ratios of 0.12 (7 min) and those with a brittle (high in neuroticism and low in extraversion) profile had a ratio of 0.09 (5.5 min). The individuals in the resilient group exhibited a longer usual MVPA bout duration than those in the overcontrolled (low in extraversion, openness, and agreeableness) (8 min vs. 2 min) and undercontrolled (high in openness and low in conscientiousness) groups (8 min vs. 3 min). They also exhibited a longer usual SB bout duration than those in the ordinary group (29 min vs. 23 min).ConclusionsThe resilient group displayed the most prolonged MVPA and SB bout patterns. The results suggest that personality characteristics may contribute to how MVPA and SB are accumulated.

Insights into psychological characteristics of persons (not) agreeing to use an e-coach-application to reduce elevated Internet Use Disorder tendencies

The present work aims to shed light on the question of whether certain psychological characteristics go along with choosing an e-coach offer to support healthy Internet use when reporting elevated Internet Use Disorder (IUD) tendencies. Data were from a large-scale stepped care approach study to treat persons with varying degrees of IUD tendencies. Recruitment for advertising the download of a smartphone app included social media, videos by influencers, paid ads, TV, radio, newspapers, workshops, and vocational schools. We contrasted a final sample of 184 declining, 907 agreeing, and 216 agreeing but not providing follow-up details needed to use such an e-coach, as well as 995 who did not explicitly decline or agree to participate (but refrained from using the e-coach). Participants were compared on several study variables, including sociodemographics, mental health, fear of missing out, personality, perceived stress, and IUD tendencies. Interestingly, we observed only two significant findings when contrasting the aforementioned groups using ANOVA. First, the group not agreeing to use the e-coach was associated with the lowest IUD tendencies and highest conscientiousness scores. Second, agreeing to use the e-coach was associated with older age. Further significant differences could be observed, but in general the accompanying effect sizes were very mild. In sum, the present study findings support the idea that greater subjective burden of IUD might result in more willingness to seek e-help, but also the personality trait of conscientiousness and a person’s age might play a role here.

The Relationship between Five Factors Personality Traits of Nursing Students and Their Attitudes towards Mental Patients

This study aimed to reveal the relationship between the personal traits of nursing students and their attitudes toward mental Patients. The randomized sample consisted of (144) selected students in the Faculty of Nursing at Al al-Bayt University, their ages ranged from (18 to 22) years. The result concluded that nursing students’ attitudes toward mental patients were negative. It also indicated that the trait openness to experience has a significant negative correlation on all domains of attitudes toward mental patients scale, the correlation of the conscientiousness trait with the domains of attitudes toward mental disorders is not significant, and the extraversion trait has significant positive correlation with stereotyping, pessimism and stigma domains. The agreeableness trait has a significant negative correlation with all domains of attitudes toward mental disorders scale. The neuroticism trait has a significant negative correlation with the domain of the tendency towards pity in students' attitudes toward mental patients, while the rest of the domains of students' attitudes toward mental patients were not significant. The results also indicated that there are significant differences in all domains of the attitudes toward mental patients scale due to the gender variable in favor of males; That is, males had more negative attitudes toward mental patients than females. It is also clear that there are no significant differences for the variables of academic level and cumulative average in the dimensions of attitudes toward mental disorders. The study recommends creating educational programs to educate students about the importance of carrying positive attitudes toward mental patients, which contributes to reducing the problems of mental patients.

Preferring to work from home

What sort of people like to work from home (WFH)? In this study 1185 adults from different sectors and countries completed a work-related personality test (HPTI) and a self-esteem measure as well as indicating their preference for WFH. Correlations showed that those who were less Adjusted, Conscientious, and Risking Taking showed a preference for WFH. The regression suggested the strongest indicator was sex, degree status, and trait Conscientiousness. We split the sample by sex, age and education and reran the six regressions. Conscientiousness was consistently significant, though other personality factors were important for non-graduates. Explanations and implications of this finding are discussed. The limitations of a cross-sectional study using only self-report data is acknowledged.

Performance Appraisal Methods: Essential in Promoting Student Learning

In educational institutions of all levels, the educators are required to be well-informed in terms of the factor, whether the students are acquiring an efficient understanding of academic subjects or lesson plans or are overwhelmed by any types of setbacks. Furthermore, they also identify whether they are putting into operation various types of teaching-learning methods and materials in an appropriate manner or there is a need to bring about improvements. Hence, in all grade levels, different types of performance appraisal methods are to be put into operation. These are on the basis of academic subjects and lesson plans. Hence, in order to enhance their participation and achieve good grades, students need to acquire an efficient understanding of different types of academic subjects and lesson plans. The implementation of various types of performance appraisal methods is regarded to be of utmost significance in order to impart information among students in terms of various types of academic subjects and lesson plans. The educators need to ensure, they impart information among students in terms of these in an adequate manner. In other words, students need to be given sufficient amount of time, so they can be well-prepared. Furthermore, it is necessary for students to inculcate the traits of morality, ethics, diligence and conscientiousness. Therefore, performance appraisal methods are essential in promoting student learning. The main concepts that are taken into account in this research paper are, understanding the meaning and significance of performance appraisal methods, understanding performance appraisal methods and advantages of performance appraisal methods.

The contribution of socio-demographic, health-related and psychological factors to the perception of changes in life following a few waves of the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundAs a result of the long-lasting COVID-19 pandemic, we have experienced numerous losses in psychological and economic domains. Research covering two years (2020-2021) of the pandemic suggests that at present, the period is also perceived in terms of gains. The factors affecting opinions about the losses and gains include personality traits, intensity of COVID-19 PTSD, age, and others. The study aimed to determine which aspects changed in life after two years of the pandemic, which were assessed as negative or positive, and which factors contributed to these opinions.Participants and procedureAn online survey was carried out and responses were received from an international sample of 418 adults. The following tools were used: the Ten Item Personality Inventory, Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and COVID-19 Sense of Life Changes Questionnaire.ResultsConscientiousness and emotional stability were those personality traits which increased positive perceptions of the past years of the pandemic. The older age of respondents contributed to a more negative opinion about the changes in life caused by the pandemic.ConclusionsThe personality traits of conscientiousness and emotional stability and younger age may protect against negative percep-tions of the two-year period of the pandemic.

Is something rotten in the state of Denmark? Cross-national evidence for widespread involvement but not systematic use of questionable research practices across all fields of research.

Questionable research practices (QRP) are believed to be widespread, but empirical assessments are generally restricted to a few types of practices. Furthermore, conceptual confusion is rife with use and prevalence of QRPs often being confused as the same quantity. We present the hitherto most comprehensive study examining QRPs across scholarly fields and knowledge production modes. We survey perception, use, prevalence and predictors of QRPs among 3,402 researchers in Denmark and 1,307 in the UK, USA, Croatia and Austria. Results reveal remarkably similar response patterns among Danish and international respondents (τ = 0.85). Self-reported use indicates whether respondents have used a QRP in recent publications. 9 out of 10 respondents admitted using at least one QRP. Median use is three out of nine QRP items. Self-reported prevalence reflects the frequency of use. On average, prevalence rates were roughly three times lower compared to self-reported use. Findings indicated that the perceived social acceptability of QRPs influenced self-report patterns. Results suggest that most researchers use different types of QRPs within a restricted time period. The prevalence estimates, however, do not suggest outright systematic use of specific QRPs. Perceived pressure was the strongest systemic predictor for prevalence. Conversely, more local attention to research cultures and academic age was negatively related to prevalence. Finally, the personality traits conscientiousness and, to a lesser degree, agreeableness were also inversely associated with self-reported prevalence. Findings suggest that explanations for engagement with QRPs are not only attributable to systemic factors, as hitherto suggested, but a complicated mixture of experience, systemic and individual factors, and motivated reasoning.

PERSONALITY TRAITS AND ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT AS PREDICTORS OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE AMONG SHOPRITE WORKERS

Personality traits and organizational support as predictors of work-life balance among shoprite workers. Work-life balance has become an emerging issue where bothorganization and employees tend to benefit. However no consistent results have been obtained using different predictors. Therefore, this study investigated personality traits and organizational support as predictors of work-life balance among workers in Shoprite in Ibadan metropolis. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design while purposive sampling technique was used to select one superstore: Shoprite in Ibadan. Data were collected from 200 participants using three validated scales and analyzed using t-test of independent samples and multiple regressions analysis. Three hypotheses were tested and accepted at a p < 0.05 level of significance. The result indicated that perceived organizational support significantly influenced work-life balance [t (198) = 2.12, p <..05] among study participants. Also, the result revealed that personality traits of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience jointly predicted work-life balance among workers (R2 = 0.04, F (5, 191) = 1.64, p < 0.05). Furthermore, personality traits and organizational support jointly predicted work-life balance among study participants (R2 = 0.08, F (6,190) = 2.89, p < 0.05). However, only perceived organizational support independently predicted work-life balance. The study concluded that personality traits and organizational support are good predictors of work-life balance among study participants. It is recommended that workers should learn self-and time-management techniques to achieve maximum

Comparing five-factor personality traits and psychological distress between dysphonic patients and individuals with vocally healthy voices.

It was reported that voice can carry information about personality and psychological distress. In the current study, the relationship between five-factor personality traits and psychological distress with voice was enlightened from diverse aspects. A total of 119 participants (55 with and 64 without dysphonia) sustained vowels /a/ and /i/, read six standard sentences, and answered a question. Three raters auditory-perceptually evaluated the vocal samples using the Persian version of CAPE-V. The participants were distributed into four groups (vocally healthy, mild, moderate, and severe dysphonia). They completed two questionnaires: NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21. Results showed that the conscientiousness (U=1146.500, z=-3.27, p=.001) in the dysphonia group was significantly less than the vocally healthy group. Depression (U=1381.000, z=-2.03, p=.042) and anxiety (U=1181.000, z=-3.10, p=.002) in the dysphonia group were significantly higher than in the vocally healthy group. In comparing different abnormal overall voice qualities, the mild dysphonia group revealed significantly lower conscientiousness (p=.001) and significantly higher anxiety (p=.002) relative to the vocally healthy group. Findings indicated that the conscientiousness trait could play an influential role in persons with dysphonia and its psychological status. The voice care team should consider conscientiousness and psychological distress during the assessment and treatment of dysphonic patients.

Affects and Decision-Making? The Moderating Role of Trait Conscientiousness and Emotional Stability

Affects and Decision-Making? The Moderating Role of Trait Conscientiousness and Emotional Stability

Entrepreneurial passion and the big five: Impact on entrepreneurial behavior

Although there has been a long history of research linking personality traits and entrepreneurship, this interchange has provided inconsistent results without a definitive entrepreneurial trait profile. In this research, the relationship between entrepreneurial passion (EP) for inventing and entrepreneurial behavior was investigated by exploring the moderating effects of personality as conceptualized by the Big Five Personality Traits. Results provided evidence that the personality traits of conscientiousness, agreeableness, and extraversion moderated the relationship between EP and entrepreneurial behavior. Individuals with a high level of conscientiousness, agreeableness, or extraversion exhibited a higher likelihood of entrepreneurial behaviors. The moderation effect of agreeableness was most pronounced at low levels of EP with this effect dissipating as the level of passion rises to a high level. A significant contribution of this research is a greater understanding as to what characteristics and processes increase the likelihood of a person to undertake entrepreneurial behaviors. Theoretical and practical implications of study findings as well as limitations and future research directions were discussed.

File hyper-searching explained

ABSTRACT There are two main ways to retrieve files: hierarchical navigation and query-based search. File retrieval studies have consistently found navigation preference, with search used only as a last resort when users forget in which folder they stored the target file. However, a minority of people, referred to as hyper-searchers, perform far more searches than others. This study aimed to discover why hyper-searchers conduct searches far more than the rest of the population. To do so, a group of hyper-searchers (n = 50) and a control group (n = 50) were assigned using a double-check allocation method which included both self-estimation and a retrieval task. On average, the search percentage in the retrieval task for the hyper-searchers (67%) was over 13 times higher than for the control group (5%). The study gives ample evidence that hyper-searchers’ files were less organized than the control group. As a result, their average navigation failure percentage (23%) was almost 4 times higher than the control group (6%), and hyper-searchers needed to resort to search. Our results suggest that hyper-searchers’ files were less well-organized because they scored less on the conscientiousness trait of the Big Five personality questionnaire; and in turn, having less organized files forced them to search more.

The way we look at an image or a webpage can reveal personality traits

Personality is a central concept and a cross-domain explanatory factor in psychology to characterize and differentiate individuals. Surprisingly, among the many studies on oculomotor behavior, only a few have investigated how personality influences the exploration of a visual stimulus. Due to the limited number of existing studies, it is still uncertain if markers of personality in eye movements are always observable in eye movements across various exploration contexts. Here, introducing a novel concept of gaze-based signatures of personality, we used visual exploration metrics to detect personality signatures across various exploration contexts (visual search and free-viewing on images and webpages) in 91 participants. Personality data were collected as in the reference paper that validated the French version of the Big Five Inventory. Linear regression analyses demonstrated that while Extraversion and Openness to Experience did not correlate with any particular exploration metric, the other three traits–Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism–correlated robustly with all exploration metrics in different visual exploration contexts. Our study provides evidence for the capture of the gaze-based signature of personality from very brief eye movement recordings.

The Relationship between The Big Five Personality and Student’s Time Management

This study aims to determine whether there is the relationship between The Big Five Personality on students’ time management. This study also explores The Big Five Personality each traits, which consists of neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness on student’s time management. The approach used is quantitative method. The data collection tool uses The Time Management Scale and The Big Five Factor Inventory. The population in this study were college students of Universitas Muria Kudus. The number of samples collected was 59 college students in their sixth semester. The data analysis method consisted of normality test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis testing with Pearson Corellation. The results of the analysis revealed a significant and positive relationships between The Big Five Personality on students’ time management. However, further correlation and regression analysis revealed neuroticism as the most predictive student’s time management but revealed a non-significant relationship. Additionally, only conscientiousness trait showed a significant relationship with student’s time management.