Trait Anxiety Inventory Scores Research Articles

Robotic Telepresence and Face-to-Face Collaborative Nursing Simulation: A Correlational, Cross-Sectional Study

BackgroundMobile robotic telepresence provides an equitable opportunity for distance learners to collaborate with face-to-face counterparts through live simulation at a campus-based point of learning. The Technology Acceptance Model serves as the theoretical framework regarding ease of use and perceived usefulness of telepresence robots as the stress and anxiety of simulation and novel technologies can impact learning. MethodsUsing peer/collaborative learning, waves of undergraduate nursing student dyads (distance/telepresence with face-to-face) provided patient care in multiroom simulations. The correlational, cross-sectional study surveyed students to assess a relationship between anxiety, use of new technology, and student satisfaction, and self-confidence in learning. ResultsState trait anxiety inventory scores were significantly higher in distance/telepresence students. The mean overall score for satisfaction/self-confidence in learning was favorable for all students. ConclusionTelepresence robots in simulation may increase learner acceptance and readiness to use such technology within their future practice.

Anxiety and mood in patients receiving intravitreal injection.

The goal of this study was to examine how anxious patients were before and after receiving intravitreal injections, which are commonly used in the treatment of ophthalmologic illnesses. The study was performed by administering a questionnaire containing sociodemographic information as well as two scales (Beck Anxiety and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) to patients undergoing intravitreal injection in the ophthalmology department. The two scales were given to patients before and after the intravitreal injection. The patients who completed part of the study were 45% male and 55% female. There was a significant difference (p<0.001) between the median values of STAI Trait anxiety inventory scores prior to intravitreal injection and STAI Trait anxiety inventory scores after intravitreal injection. The median values of STAI State anxiety inventory scores before intravitreal injection and after intravitreal injection differed (p<0.001). There was a difference (p<0.001) between the median values of Beck anxiety inventory scores before intravitreal injection and after intravitreal injection. Patients who will have intravitreal injections may experience a high rate of anxiety before the treatment due to the invasive nature of the technique. As a result, intravitreal injection patients will benefit from psychological assistance and anxiety-reduction approaches.

Relationship Between Anxiety, Coping Strategies, and Perfectionism in Entry-level Doctor of Physical Therapy Students

Introduction. Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students must meet high standards throughout their lives and careers, which can cause stress and anxiety, with potentially devastating impacts. This quantitative study examined whether and to what extent perfectionism, demographic characteristics, and coping strategies relate to state (situation-related) and trait (personality-related) anxiety in DPT students. Review of Literature. Existing literature demonstrates high anxiety levels in DPT students; also, maladaptive perfectionism is associated with higher levels of stress. The predictive relationship between coping, perfectionism, and anxiety in DPT students has not been assessed. Subjects. Convenience sample of DPT students in their first through third years across 8 different DPT programs (n = 206). Methods. This paper was a cross-sectional, nonexperimental, multisite project. A hierarchical linear regression assessed the relationship between variables (demographics, coping, perfectionism, state anxiety, and trait anxiety). Results. Approximately 81.5% of the sample reported being not a perfectionist, 7.0% maladaptive perfectionists, and 11.5% adaptive perfectionists. Students using adaptive coping comprised 72.3% of the sample, whereas 28.0% used primarily maladaptive coping mechanisms. State Trait Anxiety Inventory scores were higher for this sample of DPT students when compared with published studies in the normal population. Significant predictor variables for state anxiety were sex, type of coping strategies used, and class year in the DPT program. For trait anxiety, sex, coping strategy type, maladaptive perfectionism, and class year were significant. Discussion and Conclusion. There is a predictive relationship between sex, type of coping strategies used, and year within the DPT program for both state and trait anxiety in DPT students. Presence of maladaptive perfectionism was an additional predictive variable for trait anxiety. This knowledge can help educational institutions better identify at-risk students for anxiety and tailor programs to better meet the individual needs of our students.

Depression diagnosis based on electroencephalography power ratios.

Depression is a common mental disorder that impacts millions of people across the world. However, its diagnosis is difficult due to the dependence on subjective testing. Although quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) has been investigated as a promising diagnostic tool for depression, the associated results have proven contradictory. The current study determines whether the alpha/beta (ABR), alpha/theta (ATR), and theta/beta (TBR) ratios can serve as biological markers of depression. We used open-access EEG data from OpenNeuro to investigate power ratios in the resting state of 46 patients with depression and 75 healthy controls. Spectral data were extracted by fast Fourier transform at the theta band (4-8Hz), alpha band (8-13Hz), and beta band (13-32Hz). Neural network, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the diagnostic accuracies of each suggested index. Additionally, the cutoff point, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value at the maximized Youden index were compared for each variable. Decreased anterior frontal, frontal, central, parietal, occipital, and temporal ABR and decreased central and parietal TBR were observed in the depression group. The area under the curve of the ROC curves further revealed that these ratios could all effectively differentiate depression. In particular, the central, frontal, and parietal ABR exhibited high discrimination scores. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the Beck Depression Inventory and Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory scores, as well as the probability of depression, increased with a decrease in the central ABR. Moreover, neural network analysis revealed that the global ABR was the most effective index for diagnosing depression among the three global EEG power ratios. The central, frontal, and parietal ABR represent potential biomarkers to differentiate patients with depression from healthy controls.

Relaxation and Performance During Microsurgical Learning

Introduction: Microsurgical learning is a difficult and stressful process, requiring self-control to achieve relaxation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate peripheral and central nervous system relaxation during microsurgical training. Methods: This cohort study included ten medical students with no previous experience in microsurgery. The somatic peripheral nervous system was evaluated by the force applied to a custom-designed microsurgical needle holder. The autonomic peripheral nervous system was assessed by a heart rate monitor. Central nervous system relaxation was evaluated by the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory scores. The quality of the anastomosis was graded by the Microsurgical Anastomosis Rating Scale (MARS10). These data were compared to a group of 5 senior microsurgeons who underwent a single assessment. Results: The time to complete the anastomosis and the force decreased significantly with training after only 2 weeks ( P &lt; .05). After 4 weeks of training, no statistical difference was observed between students and experts regarding force while the time of suture was still significantly different at 30 days ( P = .001). The maximum heart rate decreased significantly at 2 weeks ( P = .01). Anxiety scores decreased significantly between days 1 and 15 ( P = .002 and P = .036). The MARS10 score demonstrates that the quality of the suture increases significantly during the first 15 days ( P = .006). Conclusion: Peripheral and central nervous system relaxation as well as the quality of the microsurgical anastomosis increase significantly after only 15 days of learning. The force-sensing microsurgical needle holder offers a new tool for the evaluation of relaxation and can function as a learning aid.

Essential oils for treating anxiety: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and network meta-analysis.

The findings of clinical studies exploring essential oils (EOs) for anxiety remain disputed, and no studies have yet clarified the differences in the efficacy of EOs. The purpose of the study was to directly or indirectly compare the efficacy of different types of EOs on anxiety by pooling the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were searched from inception to November 2022. Only full texts of RCTs that investigated the effects of EOs on anxiety were included. The trial data were extracted and the risk of bias was assessed by two reviewers independently. Pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were performed by Stata 15.1 or R 4.1.2 software. Forty-four RCTs (fifty study arms) involving 10 kinds of EOs and 3419 anxiety patients (1815 patients in EOs group and 1604 patients in control group) were included. Pairwise meta-analyses showed that EOs were effective in reducing State Anxiety Inventory scores (SAIS) [WMD = -6.63, 95% CI-8.17, -5.08] and Trait Anxiety Inventory scores (TAIS) [WMD = -4.97, 95% CI-6.73, -3.20]. Additionally, EOs could decrease systolic blood pressure (SBP) [WMD = -6.83, (95% CI -10.53, -3.12), P < 0.001] and heart rate (HR) [WMD = -3.43, (95% CI -5.51, -1.36), P < 0.001]. Network meta-analyses demonstrated that regarding the outcome of SAIS, Jasminum sambac (L.)Ait. (jasmine) was the most effective with a weighted mean difference (WMD) of-13.61 (95% CrI-24.79, -2.48). Followed by Citrus (citrus aurantium L.), which had a WMD of-9.62 (95% CrI-13.32, -5.93). Moderate effect sizes were observed for Rosa rugosa Thunb. (damask rose) (WMD = -6.78, 95% CrI-10.14, -3.49) and Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (lavender) (WMD = -5.41, 95% CrI-7.86, -2.98). Regarding the results of TAIS, citrus aurantium L. was the best ranked intervention with a WMD of-9.62 (95% CrI-15.62, -3.7). Moderate-to-large effect sizes were observed for Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. (lemon) (WMD:-8.48; 95% CrI-16.67, -0.33) and lavender (WMD:-5.5; 95% CrI-8.7, -2.46). According to the comprehensive analysis, EOs are effective in reducing both state anxiety and trait anxiety, and citrus aurantium L. essential oil seems to be the most recommended type of EO for treating anxiety because of its significant effects in reducing SAIS and TAIS. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42022331319.

Therapy dogs effectively reduce stress in college preparatory students

A vast majority of high school students report feeling stressed, especially in schools with a rigorous curriculum. There are many strategies for reducing students’ stress and improving their mental health. Therapy dogs are particularly promising, as they’ve been shown to lower stress levels during a stressful test even better than a close human friend. The purpose of our study was to expand on these findings by investigating the effectiveness of therapy dogs on reducing stress levels of students who are enrolled in a school with a rigorous curriculum. We hypothesized that the time spent with a therapy dog, either before or after a stressful event, would decrease heart rate and reduce perceived stress levels. We conducted two experiments with a total of 87 high school students enrolled in advanced placement courses. In experiment one, the Sing-a-Song Stress test was followed by a therapy dog or control intervention. We observed no difference in heart rate between the dog therapy and control groups, but there was a trend towards lower State Trait Anxiety Inventory scores in the dog therapy group. In experiment two, ten minutes of dog therapy prior to three stressful Stroop tests more significantly reduced negative feelings in the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children assessment compared to silent rest. These data suggest that therapy dogs could be an effective stress reliever for college preparatory students.

Anxiety state impact on recovery of runners with lower extremity injuries.

This prospective cohort study examined the impact of high anxiety levels on psychological state and gait performance during recovery in runners with lower body injuries. Recreational runners diagnosed with lower body injuries who had reduced running volume (N = 41) were stratified into groups using State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores: high anxiety (H-Anx; STAI ≥40 points) and low anxiety (L-Anx; STAI <40 points). Runners were followed through rehabilitation to return-to-run using monthly surveys. Main outcome measures included kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, TSK-11), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Positive and negative scores), Lower Extremity Function Scale (LEFS), running recovery (University of Wisconsin Running Injury and Recovery Index [UWRI]) and CDC Healthy Days modules for general health, days of anxiety/tension, disrupted sleep and work/usual activities. Running biomechanics were assessed at baseline and the final visit using 3D motion capture and a force-plated treadmill. The time to return-to-running for was 5.0±3.1 and 7.9±4.1 months for L-Anx and H-Anx, respectively and participants who withdrew (n = 15) did so at 7.7±6.2 months. L-Anx maintained low anxiety and H-Anx reduced anxiety from baseline to final visit (STAI = 31.5 to 28.4 points, 50.4 to 37.8 points, respectively), whereas the withdrawn runners remained clinically anxious at their final survey (41.5 to 40.3 points; p < .05). Group by time interactions were found for PANAS positive, LEFS UWRI, general health scores, and days feeling worry, tension and anxiety (all p < .05). Final running performance in L-Anx compared to H-Anx was most improved with cadence (8.6% vs 3.5%; p = .044), impact loading rate [-1.9% vs +8.9%] and lower body stiffness [+14.1% vs +3.2%; all p < .05). High anxiety may identify runners who will experience a longer recovery process, health-related functional disruptions, and less optimization of gait biomechanics during rehabilitation after a lower extremity injury.

Randomized controlled pilot study of feasibility and effectiveness of peer led remote Mindfulness‐Based Art Workshops on stress, anxiety, and depression in medical students

AbstractMedical students report high levels of psychological distress compared to the general population, yet they also underutilize mental health services. Our Mindfulness‐Based Art Workshops (MBAW) combine two established, formal interventions: (a) Mindfulness‐Based Stress Reduction, an 8‐week group series teaching mindfulness practices, shown to reduce self‐reported measures of stress, and (b) art therapy, the use of art exercises guided by certified therapists, shown to reduce stress and anxiety in hospitalized patients and students. The goal of our study was to determine if a peer‐led, virtual workshop series designed specifically for and by medical students may be a feasible and effective method of adapting these models to improve student well‐being. We hypothesized that virtual, medical student led MBAW are effective in reducing measures of stress, anxiety, and depression in medical students and improving well‐being scores. In 2020, 24 University of Maryland School of Medicine first‐ and second‐year medical students were randomized to either the MBAW or no‐intervention control group. Primary outcomes included (a) short‐term change in State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores and (b) difference in the perceived stress scores between intervention and control group immediately after, and 2, 4, and 6 weeks after a 6‐session intervention. At specific time points, participants completed questionnaires, which included STAI and National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Perceived Stress survey. We compared the percentage of intervention participants who had clinically significant anxiety before and after MBAW for each session using a generalized estimating equations methodology and compared change from baseline scores between intervention and control groups using a mixed‐effects model for repeated measures analysis. In the intervention group, post‐MBAW STAI scores decreased by 16.2 (p = .0001), 5 (p = .1544), 13.7 (p = .0002), 13.6 (p = .0006), 12.1 (p = .0009), and 11.9 (p = .0011) points after sessions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. Intervention group perceived stress scores decreased from baseline by 5.9 (p = .07) and 4.7 (p = .09) points more than the control group immediately after, and 2 weeks after the 6‐session intervention. MBAW sessions are effective at significantly reducing short‐term anxiety, and a 6‐session MBAW workshop intervention shows trends toward decreasing levels of perceived stress lasting 2 weeks following the intervention, although these findings were not statistically significant. Future studies should evaluate a larger population to confirm the positive findings of this pilot study, which we hope will encourage medical schools to consider integrating and supporting such programs as a method of addressing the urgent need to aid student well‐being, within logistical, time, and cost constraints of students and administrators.

Improvement of patient-reported outcomes in patients achieving sustained virologic response with direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C virus infection.

Patient-reported outcome (PRO) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (CHC) after successful direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy remains elusive. The study aimed to investigate the impact of DAA therapy on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We also assess the associated factors predictive of HRQoL change after sustained virologic response (SVR) to HCV therapy. CHC patients receiving DAA therapy were prospectively recruited. They completed paired HRQoL assessments which included Short-Form-36 (SF-36), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score, Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire score, and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) score before treatment and at Week 12 off-treatment. Clinical data and characteristics were compared in a paired manner. A total of 158 patients achieved SVR (SVR rate: 96.6%) were enrolled into the final analysis. Improvement of depression, anxiety, digestive symptoms, and SF-36 items of vitality, body pain, physical functioning, emotional functioning, social functioning, and mental health were demonstrated among SVR patients. Sleep quality, or other SF-36 items were not significantly changed after the treatment. Multivariate analysis revealed that improvement of sleep quality, depression, and anxiety were associated with better HRQoL. SVR to HCV therapy by DAA significantly improved PROs including HRQoL.

Music Listening as a Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU) Nursing Intervention for Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy Patients: A Mixed Method Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial

<h3>Introduction/Background</h3> Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy surgery patients have reported severe pain post operatively and experienced psychological distress for potential urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction. Over this past year, PACU nurses identified anxiety and pain management as the primary cause of these patients' increased length of stay in PACU. <h3>Identification of the problem</h3> Patients undergoing major cancer surgery frequently express increased anxiety about how severe their pain will be as well as their oncology surgical outcomes. Mid-Atlantic academic teaching hospital's postanesthesia care unit (PACU) Standards of Care Committee met to discuss investigating complementary music listening methods to enhance pharmacologic pain management to address concerns in this surgical population. <h3>Purpose of the Study</h3> To compare two methods of music listening interventions on anxiety, pain, heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation among post anesthesia care unit (PACU) patients who are recovering from laparoscopic radical prostatectomy surgeries: a) patient-preferred music listening via Spotify selections; and b) relaxation breathing narrative over minimalistic hypnotic music. <h3>Methodology</h3> Randomization of participants by computer-generated table of random numbers for effective balance between the two groups. A power analysis was calculated to have 77 male participants: Group I (n=37) and Group II (n=40). Inclusion criteria/exclusion criteria established. Nurses blinded to study interventions. The study started in December 2019 and concluded in December 2020. Data collection began in PreOP and continued through discharge. <h3>Results</h3> Both Groups I and II had reduced pain scores at discharge as compared to PACU admission; both groups had significant reduction (p=0.046 Group I, and Group II (p=0.002), but changes for comparative groups (I and II) were not significant between the two groups (p=0.53). <h3>Discussion</h3> Both interventions reduced State Trait Anxiety Inventory scores and pain scores to a similar degree; this reduction was clinically and statistically significant. Pain medication use did not differ between the two groups. Notably, three study participants did not require any pain medication throughout their entire PACU stay. Qualitative inquiry question on discharge revealed significant relaxation, distraction, pain relief, and comfort when listening to music. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Study revealed both relaxation/breathing track and personally selected music can meaningfully improve patients' anxiety and PACU pain scores. <h3>Implications for perianesthesia nurses and future research</h3> Future multicenter studies of music listening methods should be studied in other surgical/procedural patients recovering in PACU.

Listening to music before tooth extraction attenuates sympathetic nervous system activity: A randomized control trial

AbstractAimThe effect of listening to music before tooth extraction on the autonomic nervous system and psychological state remains unclear. This prospective study explored the hypothesis that playing music before the extraction of an impacted mandibular third molar would stabilize patients' autonomic nervous system activity and circulatory dynamics.MethodsThirty‐six patients were randomized into two groups: control and music. Patients in the music group listened to music before tooth extraction. Heart rate variability and circulatory dynamics were recorded during the procedure. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale and State Trait Anxiety Inventory scale scores were recorded before the procedure, and the latter was used to assess postoperative anxiety scores.ResultsSympathetic nervous activity significantly increased in the control group during the administration of local anesthesia, bone removal, and extraction (p &lt; 0.01), although this increase was lower in the music group during the administration of local anesthesia and extraction (p &lt; 0.05). In the music group, the postoperative anxiety score was significantly lower than the preoperative score (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionPlaying music preoperatively may help reduce sympathetic nerve activity during the administration of local anesthesia and tooth extraction.

0482 Virtual Reality Guided Imagery for Insomnia (iVR): Preliminary Feasibility and Outcomes

Abstract Introduction Chronic insomnia affects approximately 10% of adults and is associated with reduced quality of life, fatigue, impaired cognition, and increased risk for illness. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a recommended frontline treatment for chronic insomnia, but is not widely accessible as the number of trained CBT-I clinicians (&amp;lt;500) falls significantly short of the number of patients needing treatment. Digital delivery holds great potential for increasing access to CBT-I as well as other behavioral treatment approaches. Our team recently developed and conducted preliminary testing of a novel, brief virtual reality guided imagery for insomnia (iVR) in adults with chronic insomnia. Methods 12 adults (Mage=38.2 years, SD=20.7, 50% female) with chronic insomnia completed 4-weeks of iVR delivered via Oculus Go headsets equipped with blue light blocking lenses and pre-loaded with a guided relaxation application, sleep hygiene instructions, and modified stimulus control instructions. Participants completed a Satisfaction Survey at post-treatment and the following outcome assessments at baseline, post-treatment, and 1-month follow-up: Insomnia Severity Index, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Fatigue Severity Scale, and 1-week of sleep diaries (sleep onset latency, wake time after sleep onset, total sleep time, sleep quality [1-poor, 5-excellent]). [KM1] Paired one-tailed t-tests were used to examine preliminary outcomes. Effect sizes (ES) are reported as Hedges G. Results Adherence (#treatment weeks completed, M=3.5, SD=0.78) and Satisfaction (greater &amp;gt;8.8/10 on average for overall experience and likelihood of recommending to a friend) were high. Insomnia severity (7/28, ES=1.13, p&amp;lt;0.01), wake time after sleep onset (12 mins, ES=0.40, p=0.03), sleep onset latency (10 mins, ES = 0.36, p=0.04), and sleep quality (0.5/5, ES=1.08, p&amp;lt;0.01) improved following treatment. Gains were maintained at 1-month along with additional improvements in total sleep time (36 mins, ES=0.67, p=0.03) and trending improvement in fatigue (9/100, ES=0.46, p=0.05). State Trait Anxiety Inventory and Fatigue Severity Scale scores did not improve. Conclusion Our pilot findings suggest iVR is feasible and promising treatment for chronic insomnia. Because the intervention can be pre-installed, iVR may be particularly useful for individuals with limited internet access (e.g., rural populations, military). Future research with a larger sample, randomized controlled design, and longer-term follow-up appears warranted. Support (If Any) Healium, Inc-PI McCrae

The Effects of a Patient-Specific Integrated Education Program on Pain, Perioperative Anxiety, and Functional Recovery following Total Knee Replacement.

The perioperative care of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) affects functional recovery and clinical outcomes. This study aims to introduce a patient-specific integrated education program (IEP) into the TKA clinical pathway and to evaluate patient outcomes between the intervention and control groups. We performed a two-site, two-arm, parallel-prospective controlled trial. The experiment group received an IEP incorporating verbal preoperative education, prehabilitation, multidisciplinary personalized rehabilitation during hospitalization, and supervised self-executed home-based exercise after discharge. The control group received regular TKA clinical care. We monitored the pain intensity, anxiety scores, and functional scores at six time points from the pre-operation interview to 3 months post-operation. The pain score was significantly decreased in the IEP group during hospitalization (p < 0.01) and before discharge (p < 0.05). The anxiety status was also improved after intervention in terms of state and trait anxiety inventory scores (p < 0.001) during hospitalization. The patient-reported (WOMAC) or physician-reported (American Knee Society Score) functional scores (p < 0.01 at most of the time points) all improved significantly under hospitalization. We found that the patient-specific IEP combining preoperative education, prehabilitation, the in-hospital group education class, and postoperative care navigation is effective in reducing postoperative pain, decreasing perioperative anxiety, and facilitating functional recovery following TKA.

The effect of the Covid-19 pandemic stressor on the state-trait anxiety level.

To evaluate the effect that the coronavirus diseases-2019 pandemic will likely have on public and its impact on the state-trait anxiety level of the masses. The cross-sectional study was conducted from May 28 to June 5, 2020, in Turkey, with Kayseri province being the first ring of the chain, and comprised adult citizens of either gender living in Turkey during the pandemic period who could use online technologies. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised was used to determine the effects of the pandemic on the public, and the State Anxiety Inventory and the Trait Anxiety Inventory were used to determine the anxiety level of the public. Data was analysed using SPSS 25 and Stata 14. Of the 1507 subjects, 862(57.2%) were females and 645(42.8%) were males. The largest age group was 18-29 years with 573(38%) sucjects, while the smallest group was aged >60 years with 53(3.5%) subjects. The mean score of State Anxiety Inventory was 39.3±11.3 and mean Trait Anxiety Inventory score was 42.8±8.7, while the Impact of Event Scale-Revised mean score was 27.4±14.5. Each one unit increase in the Impact of Event Scale-Revised total score increased state anxiety score 1.10 times and trait anxiety score 1.07 times. Increasing age had a protective effect on state-trait anxiety. Consequently, an increase in Impact of Event Scale-Revised score led to an increase in the anxiety level.

The Effect of Patient Education Prior to Rhinoplasty Surgery on Anxiety, Pain, and Satisfaction Levels

PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of education before rhinoplasty surgery on patients’ anxiety, pain, and satisfaction levels. DesignThis was a randomized controlled experimental study. MethodsOf the 90 patients who underwent rhinoplasty surgery at Kayseri City Hospital, Turkey between October 2017 and December 2018, 79 were included in the study. The patients were assigned to an experimental or control group according to a computer-generated randomization list. The experimental group (n = 36) was educated using a rhinoplasty training guide prior to routine plastic surgery procedures. The control group (n = 35) received only routine plastic surgery procedures. A patient identification form, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Care Scale, and Visual Analog Scale were used to collect data. Data analysis included the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, Q-Q plot, two-way analysis of variance, Friedman and Mann-Whitney U tests, and Pearson's chi-square. FindingsIn the postoperative period, the mean state anxiety inventory score of the experimental group (36.25 ± 9.78) was found to be significantly lower than that of the control group (42.28 ± 9.42) (P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference between the trait anxiety inventory scores of the experimental (39.63 ± 10.20) and control (38.77 ± 6.16) (P > .05) groups. The mean Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Care Scale score of the experimental group (71.01 ± 14.65) was significantly higher than the control group (62.93 ± 16.36) (P < .05). There was no significant difference between the pain scores of experimental and control groups postoperatively at 6, 12, and 24 hours (P > .05). ConclusionsBased on the results of our study, we conclude that it would be beneficial to educate patients before rhinoplasty surgery in line with their needs and aesthetic concerns.

Reproduced correlations between integrity of white matter tracts and self-reported anxiety

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) allows us to evaluate the structural properties of white matter tracts which are associated with trait anxiety. However, in recent DTI studies of anxiety, research was focused mainly on selected white matter tracts, e.g. the uncinate fasciculus. At the same time, whole-brain structural connectivity has been rarely investigated in non-clinical populations. The present study aimed to explore correlations between white matter tract characteristics evaluated with the generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) measure and state and trait anxiety inventory (STAI) scores at the whole-brain scale using the connectometry approach. In addition, we conducted psychological testing twice and examined the within-study reproducibility of these correlations. The results indicate reproduced correlations between both trait and state anxiety scores and GFA in the corpus callosum and association fibers predominantly in the right hemisphere, including the inferior, superior, and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and cingulum bundle. The associations with state anxiety are the same as with trait anxiety except for the negative one with GFA in the left cingulum. The findings point to the role of the integrity of these white matter tracts in susceptibility to high trait and state anxiety. The defined local connectome correlations with anxiety ratings could serve as targets for anxiety disorders preventive diagnostics.

Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms and Cortical Amyloid-β Burden in Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults.

There is evidence of relationships between behavioral symptoms and increased risk for Alzheimer's Disease and/or Alzheimer's Disease biomarkers. However, the nature of this relationship is currently unknown. To evaluate the relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms and amyloid-β deposition in cognitively unimpaired older adults, and to assess mediating effects of either objective or subjective cognitive skills. Cross-sectional analysis of screening data from participants enrolled in the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer Disease (A4) Study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02008357). Data analysis. 4492 cognitively unimpaired adults, age 65-85, enrolled in the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer Disease (A4) Study. We used linear regression to estimate the associations between amyloid-β standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores while adjusting for potential confounding factors as well as for Cognitive Function Index (CFI) or Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (PACC) scores as possible mediational variables. 4399 subjects with complete covariates were included (mean age: 71.3, 59% female), GDS ranged 0-13 (mean: 1.0), and STAI ranged 6-24 (mean: 9.9). Amyloid-β SUVR was modestly associated with STAI; mean STAI score was estimated to be 0.275 points higher (95% CI: 0.038, 0.526; p-value = 0.023) for each 0.5-point increase in cortical amyloid-β SUVR. Subjective cognitive decline (CFI) attenuated the relationship between SUVR and STAI, while objective cognitive function (PACC) did not. No statistically significant relationship between SUVR and GDS was observed (p = 0.326). In cognitively unimpaired adults with low levels of depression and anxiety, cortical amyloid-β deposition is associated with anxiety but not depressive symptoms. Attenuation of this relationship by subjective cognitive difficulties suggests that anxiety may be partly due to such a perception resulting from cortical amyloid-β deposition.

Evaluation of Anxiety Statuso Adolescents with COVID 19

Objective: Adolescents with COVID-19 are usually asymptomatic or they have milder symptoms, but the psychological effects of the disease on adolescents is unknown. In our knowledge, to date no published studies have evaluated the anxiety status of adolescents with COVID-19 infection. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anxiety status of adolescents with COVID-19. Material and Methods: Eighteen adolescents hospitalized with moderate symptoms of COVID-19 and seventeen adolescents non hospitalized with mild symptoms of COVID-19 and 29 healthy adolescents were enrolled in the study. The State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire was performed to both groups and scores were compared. Results: The adolescents with COVID-19 had significantly higher anxiety scores in the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) (p:0.019) and the Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI) (p:0.048) than healthy adolescents. Comparison of adolescents with mild and moderate symptoms showed no significant difference both in SAI (p:1.0) and TAI (p:0.98) scores. Conclusion: COVID-19 has a psychological impact on adolescents causing higher anxiety scores independent from the disease severity.

The effects of group counseling based on the solution-focused approach on anxiety and healthy lifestyle behaviors in individuals with eating disorders.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of group counseling based on the solution-focused approach (SFA) on anxiety and healthy lifestyle behaviors in individuals with eating disorders. The study was implemented with a pretest-posttest experimental (n:31) randomized controlled (n:45) design. Adults aged 25 and older were included in the study. After the intervention, there was a decrease in the trait anxiety inventory scores, while there was an increase in the healthy lifestyle scores and subscale scores. Additionally, the mean weight of the individuals in the experiment group and their body mass indices decreased, and their weekly hours of exercise increased. SFA counseling provided to the individuals with eating disorders decreased the anxiety of the individuals and increased their healthy lifestyle behaviors.