In-service Training Research Articles

Intermediate Phase English First Additional Language Teachers’ Use of Technology in Rural Schools of Limpopo

<p style="text-align:justify">Teachers’ access to technology in this day and age could have a positive effect on the teaching and learning of English first additional language (EFAL). This qualitative interpretive case study explored how limited access to technology resources affects the teaching practices of Intermediate Phase EFAL teachers in rural schools in Limpopo, South Africa. This study, underpinned by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), conducted semi-structured interviews to collect data from ten EFAL teachers who were purposively sampled. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The study revealed that three of the ten EFAL teachers sampled integrated technology into their teaching despite challenges such as insufficient projectors, lack of learners’ smartphones and data bundles, and Internet connectivity. However, the other seven sampled participants did not use technology, citing a lack of digital tools and knowledge as a contributing factor. The study concludes that the lack of resources contributed to limited or no use of technology and the motivation to integrate technology into their lessons. Based on these findings, it is recommended that technological resources that can help EFAL teachers with digital teaching be made available so that they can integrate them to assist learners in developing language skills. Furthermore, in-service training and ongoing support should be provided to EFAL teachers to give them knowledge and skill to use available technology resources effectively.</p>

A national cross-sectional study on the retention of basic life support knowledge among nurses in Palestine.

17.9million deaths worldwide were attributable to cardiovascular diseases. Basic life support is one of the crucial strategies that could increase chances of cardiac arrest victims' survival rate by nurses and other healthcare providers. The aims of this study was to examine the retention of the BLS knowledge among nurses in Palestine. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to collect data from 108 nurses between February 2022 and April 2022 from two AHA-ITCs in Palestine. The instrument consisted of two sections; demographics and knowledge test which was developed by the researcher and contain a written examination containing 25 multiple-choice questions. Out of 160 distributed questionnaires, 108 were completed by nurses as a convenience sampling technique. Over half of the participants were male (54.6%), and the majority had a bachelor's degree in nursing (75%). Analysis identified that there was a significant difference (t (107) = 18.02, p < 0.001) and less knowledge score in the year 2022 (M = 65.48, SD = 15.42), compared to the year 2020 (M = 92.09, SD = 4.01). The mean knowledge reduction was 26.61 and P < 0.001. The results showed no statistically significant differences in terms of level of BLS knowledge in all sociodemographic, except the level of education. The results of this study revealed weak retention of BLS knowledge among nurses in Palestine between the years 2020 and the year of 2022. Nurses must regularly participate in BLS training and attend frequent in-service CPR training at least every 6-months to decrease the likelihood of knowledge and skills loss over time. Blended learning BLS is one of the methods to retain more knowledge and skills of BLS.

Spiritual Care Experiences of Nurses Caring for Gynecologic Cancer Patients in Türkiye: A Qualitative Research.

The study aimed to examine the spiritual care experiences of nurses caring for gynecologic cancer patients. The study was conducted using a phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods. Nurses caring for gynecologic cancer patients were included in the study. In sample selection, the criterion sampling method, one of the purposeful sampling methods, was used, and the sample size was ten nurses. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect the data. Content analysis was performed using the MAXQDA package program. The study was written based on the COREQ checklist. The nurses' statements determined themes, sub-themes, and codes in line with the research findings. Accordingly, four themes were identified as "spiritual care practices," "emotional effects of spiritual care," "factors affecting spiritual care," and "recommendations to improve spiritual care".In line with the findings obtained, it is recommended that in-service training should be provided to nurses caring for gynecologic cancer patients to provide spiritual care at a professional level. Moreover, the excessive workload caused by working conditions should be reduced, and regulations and institutional policies should be established to increase the number of nurses.

Sustainability outcomes of volunteer tourism in rural communities: empowerment and the role of volunteer tourism organizations

PurposeResearch on the sustainability outcomes of volunteer tourism (VT) in rural communities is rare. Drawing on the perspectives and theoretical concepts related to multiple forms of capital, empowerment, and sustainability, this paper presents the sustainability outcomes of VT and the role of empowerment and volunteer tourism organizations (VTOs) in attaining greater sustainability.Design/methodology/approachA total of 37 semi-structured interviews and 4 documents were conducted with stakeholders on the perceived socio-cultural impacts of VT on two farm communities in Vietnam. A qualitative thematic coding analysis was used to identify themes that explain the sustainability outcomes of VT.FindingsThe results of this study were divided into the nine themes of relationships, community resource development, job opportunities, educational effects, cultural exchanges, health, awareness of environmental conservation, physical changes, and promoting local products and tourism.Practical implicationsVTOs should involve the local community in the decision-making process for volunteer activities. It is essential to share their voices and concerns about how the VT is set up to ensure that they meet the community’s expectations. Moreover, the government can act as a bridge between VTOs and host communities, providing training and support services to locals after volunteers leave.Originality/valueThis research creates a model for connecting the sustainability outcomes of VT, empowerment, and the role of VTOs.

Unsettled Ground, Unsettled Lives: The Ontological (In)securities of Syrian Refugees in the Shadow of Turkey’s 2023 Earthquake

Executive Summary This paper examines the ontological insecurities faced by Syrian refugees in Turkey following the 2023 earthquakes. Ontological security refers to the security of being, encompassing a sense of confidence in the apparent stability of the world (p. 746). This concept is intimately linked to managing existential uncertainties and maintaining routines to ensure a sense of security. Previous literature indicates that uncertain situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and natural disasters, including earthquakes and floods, exacerbate ontological insecurities. Additionally, these challenging situations often intensify anti-refugee attitudes. Historically, the impact of earthquakes on individuals has been considered predominantly within the realm of physical security, a perspective critiqued by critical security scholars. In alignment with this critique, our study adopts an ontological security perspective to analyze the situations of Syrian refugees in Turkey post-earthquake, addressing a gap in the literature which has previously focused on the physical security aspects of Syrian refugees. While numerous studies documented the relationship between security and migration, fewer explored the nexus between ontological (in)security and migration in the context of natural hazards. This study addresses this gap by investigating how the recent earthquake heightened existing insecurities among Syrian refugees. Drawing on ontological security studies, narrative analysis, and data from in-depth, semi-structured interviews, the study finds that the vulnerabilities of Syrian refugees were intensified by the earthquake. Their perceptions of home, society, and future shifted significantly, decreasing their ontological security and exacerbating existing inequalities. Our findings suggest that the February 2023 earthquake posed threats to refugees beyond physical inadequacies, exacerbating the ontological insecurities of Syrian refugees in Turkey. This compounded their displacement-related existential anxieties and undermined their sense of stability and belonging by altering their perceptions of home, trust in public authorities, and their future. The earthquake significantly disrupted Syrian refugees’ understanding of “home” by compounding their sense of loss and insecurity, thereby challenging their ability to establish a stable, predictable environment essential for ontological security in Turkey. Furthermore, the earthquake altered Syrian refugees’ trust in public authorities. The government’s handling of the post-earthquake process significantly impacted refugees’ access to essential resources, with discriminatory practices and mobility restrictions amplifying their vulnerability and precariousness. The state’s crisis management capabilities and emphasis on border security, aimed at ensuring control, inadvertently increased refugees’ precariousness regarding their identity and future, leading to a loss of trust in public authorities. In addition to these challenges, the earthquake also changed Syrian refugees’ perception of their future in Turkey, causing them to question their safety and sense of belonging in the host society. Existing challenges faced by refugees were exacerbated by the earthquake and compounded by societal exclusion, further shattering their sense of stability and predictability. Post-earthquake, language barriers and stereotypes intensified, leading to increased discrimination and a reliance on informal survival networks, further diminishing their trust in the future. This heightened ontological insecurity, compounded by economic and social barriers, deepened divisions and made the refugees feel perpetually out of place, undermining their trust in Turkish institutions and society. Our suggestions and policy recommendations underscore the need for comprehensive policies that address both the physical and psychological dimensions of refugee well-being with reference to concrete policy designs in a post-disaster process. • To build trust in the post-disaster process for refugees, the government should ensure that central and local authorities distribute survival resources equally and transparently. • Clear communication channels must be implemented to keep affected communities informed about aid processes. • To address societal exclusion and improve refugees’ future outlook, the government should offer language training and translation services to help refugees navigate post-disaster process. • Providing critical information in multiple languages will ensure all community members are informed and can access aid. • Fostering community integration initiatives and supporting NGOs working specifically with refugees will promote interaction between refugees and host communities, building social cohesion. • Recognizing the importance of informal networks and incorporating them into formal aid structures, as well as supporting community-based organizations (particularly NGOs) that provide aid and support to refugees, is also essential.

Effectiveness of an intervention to improve pharmacovigilance among selected government hospitals in a district of Sri Lanka

Introduction: Issues related to doctors' pharmacovigilance exist due to their lack of knowledge and the challenges of a rapidly changing society. In addition, issues exist with the subject's existing systems. Proper intervention with a comprehensive system of pharmacovigilance can resolve these problems.Objective: This research is intended to assess the knowledge, perception, and practices of pharmacovigilance among medical officers in a district of Sri Lanka with surveillance systems through interventions.Methodology: A pre-and post-intervention design research study was conducted among 237 doctors in the curative sector in the Hambanthota district. All the doctors in these hospitals were considered the study population, and no sampling method was employed. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data using active and passive surveillance data systems and workshops.Results: The results indicated that most of the doctors were from the 31-40 age category (55.3%), females (53.59%), preliminary and grade 2 medical officers (67.1%, 37.6%) who are working in the base hospitals (64.1%) of the area with a basic medical degree (90.8%). A large proportion of them (67.5%) had training in this area as undergraduates (25%). The overall knowledge of pharmacovigilance was poor (69.7%). The overall perception was positive (53.2%). Overall, practices were poor. Knowledge and perception have improved with the intervention.Conclusion and recommendations: This research revealed poor general knowledge, practices, and a positive perception regarding pharmacovigilance, which improved through an intervention. Substantial consideration should be paid to including those topics in undergraduate and postgraduate curricula. Continuous professional development and in-service training programmes should be arranged for doctors with a comprehensive system of surveillance.

Moral sensitivity, spiritual care perception, and compassion fatigue of nurses caring for earthquake victims.

Two major earthquakes occurred within 10hours in Kahramanmaraş on February 6, 2023, which resulted in thousands of deaths and injured people within Turkey. To determine the relationship between moral sensitivity, spiritual care perception, and compassion fatigue among nurses caring for earthquake victims. The study population consisted of 483 nurses working in public, private, and university hospitals in earthquake-affected areas in Turkey. The sociodemographic characteristics form, moral sensitivity questionnaire, spirituality and spiritual care rating scale, and compassion fatigue short scale were used for data collection. There was a statistically significant negative relationship between nurses' moral sensitivity and compassion fatigue; in other words, as compassion fatigue increases, nurses' moral sensitivity decreases. A statistically significant negative relationship was found between nurses' perception of spiritual care and their compassion fatigue; in other words, as compassion fatigue increases, nurses' perception of spirituality and spiritual care decreases. This study provides valuable insights into moral sensitivity, perceptions of spiritual care, and compassion fatigue among nurses caring for earthquake victims. Minimizing nurses' compassion fatigue improves quality patient care, increases patient and employee satisfaction, and maintains commitment to the profession. To achieve this goal, it is essential to offer in-service training, conferences, or seminar programs to nurses focused on fostering a sense of compassion. Nurses should be provided with environments that will improve their self-care, and institutional policies and strategies should be developed to cope effectively with this situation.

Sexual health education knowledge required by health education teachers in Finland

ABSTRACT Health education teachers have a crucial role to play in delivering sexual health education in schools, with their own knowledge being key to providing comprehensive sexual health education to adolescents. The purpose of this study was to describe the sexual health education knowledge required by health education teachers in Finland. Qualitative methods were used to explore the perspectives of Finnish health education teachers using semi-structured interviews and e-forms. Data collection from 15 health education teachers took place in March and April 2023. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis. Findings highlight the importance of health education teachers having sound knowledge about: 1) the diversity of adolescent sexual health, 2) the functions of the adolescent body, 3) factors threatening adolescent sexual health, 4) factors promoting adolescent sexual health, and 5) relevant relevant forms of pedagogy. The findings from this study offer a unique perspective on the wide-ranging knowledge required by health education teachers regarding sexual health education in Finland. It is imperative that present and future health education teachers are well-trained and qualified. Both pre- and in-service training should be comprehensive and accessible to enable the delivery of high-quality sexual health education to adolescents and, consequently, the promotion of sexual health.

Constancy Amidst Change

Using a scholarly personal narrative, I share about my first year pretending to be a deputy director, responsible for ‘faculty training’ under the Center of Open and Digital Teaching and Learning in an open university. My reflections over time in storied form as part of teaching and learning with colleagues (Ingersoll, 2018) aim to illuminate what constitutes our ongoing and best practices within the institution’s so called Open and Distance eLearning programs or ODeL (Alfonso, 2014). I branded a series of faculty learning activities as “T&amp;L Convoes” to bring to the fore topics worth talking about, like an online version of stories we would normally share over ‘merienda’ or breaktime. Focused group discussions were undertaken to interrogate how faculty members learn best, and their current practices which seemed to work as examined through the lens of teaching presence, an element of the Community of Inquiry framework by Garrison et al. (2000). I also inquired about what else they would like to learn, hence topics for the T&amp;L Convoes tackled assessment for student success, managing large-sized classes, doing synchronous live classes and faculty-tutor dynamics. As I reexamined recorded sessions (stored data) of our T&amp;L Convoes, I found myself taking a critical stance, asking whether we as an open university and champions of ODeL are in fact contributing innovative teaching practices or do we simply come across as such because of the technologies we choose to enhance our practice. Findings which constitute our best practices boiled down to engagement of active and independent learning through course site features, use of direct or explicit instructions, facilitation of critical discourse, timely feedback on submissions, and intentional learning community-building efforts (Villanueva &amp; Eacersall, 2024). I also highlighted shared issues among faculty members which to my mind were seemingly a blast from my past as a newbie higher education faculty, fifteen years back. These concerns were related to a sense of disconnectedness, grading/marking assignments, finding time for research and publication as well as work life balance. I resolved to no longer pretend but sustain these worthwhile engagements with fellow faculty members by banking on social presence and cognitive presence. These “T&amp;L Convoes” may be optimized to trigger curiosity and exploration alongside other peer-learning activities which should comprise a wholistic approach to faculty development experiences. Grounded on constancy of purpose (Dye, 1991), I choose to persevere in order to drive this reflexivity further on to ascertain whether there will be integration and resolution to all we say and do as faculty members within our ODeL programs. The importance of a personal and reflexive approach to determine peer-learning sessions with colleagues is affirmed as an optimal way to make a needs-based, just-in-time learning happen, versus the so-called ‘in-service teacher training’ residential universities are accustomed to undertaking. Effective use of technology enabled us to operate as colleagues learning from each other’s practices, equally reinforcing the communities of practice (Wenger, 2000) as a supreme pedagogy we shall continue to own up to amid the ever-changing landscape of open universities.

Energetic Rhythmic Health Service Innovation at Bojonegoro Regional Public Hospital

This study aims to describe and analyze the Rhythmic Energetic service innovation implemented at Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo Bojonegoro Regional General Hospital. This innovation was analyzed using Rogers' Diffusion of Innovation theory. The research method used is descriptive research with qualitative data analysis. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the Rhythmic Energetic service innovation mostly meets the attributes of innovation according to Rogers' theory. However, there are still some problems, such as the community's difficulty in understanding and interacting with the program, the hospital's lack of understanding of the essence of innovation, lack of supervision in program implementation, and the program's inconsistency with what it should be. In addition, there is a shortage in the number of workers needed and some officers who have not received training. To fix these problems, Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo Bojonegoro Regional General Hospital needs to conduct regular evaluations so that the Rhythmic Energetic service innovation can provide greater benefits to the community. In addition, there needs to be an efficient division of service teams and training for officers who have not received training. Thus, Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo Bojonegoro Regional General Hospital can continue to improve the quality of public services they provide to the community.

Public Hospital Workers' Views on the Process of Switching from the Hospital Information Management System to the e-Health Information System in a Province

The purpose of this study is to investigate the views, reasons for satisfaction, and difficulties encountered by medical staff members regarding the Hospital Information Management System (HIMS) in state hospitals located in Amasya and its surrounding areas. It also assesses the knowledge and experiences of healthcare professionals with e-Health apps in public hospitals, emphasizing their opinions and recommendations for assistance, training, adaptation, and involvement throughout the integration of these applications into healthcare services. The goal of the study is to better understand how healthcare professionals feel about digital technologies and to provide suggestions for raising the caliber of healthcare services. The Amasya Provincial Health Directorate oversees four facilities where the research was carried out. Following permission by the ethics committee, data gathering was underway on April 22, 2024, with a pilot research carried out in April of the same year. There are 913 healthcare workers in the population, and a minimum sample size of 405 at a 95% confidence interval was found to be appropriate. Using the'stratified, simple random' approach, the sample was selected and split into three strata based on occupational groupings. With a median age of 37, 38.8% of the 405 participants were female. 34.2% of physicians, 33.7% of midwives, nurses, and health officers, and 40.4% of medical secretaries and data entry staff expressed satisfaction when HIMS satisfaction was analyzed. The system's capacity to decrease errors and enhance workflow was one of the primary factors contributing to user satisfaction. Furthermore, 42.7% of individuals worked nights. Compared to other professional groups, physicians utilized e-health applications like e-prescription and e-report more frequently. Physicians were more likely to employ telemedicine than other healthcare professionals, who were less knowledgeable in this field. The study recommends developing training methodologies specific to various professional groups and expanding the use of e-Health applications. The study highlights the need for regular in-service training, a more robust technical infrastructure, and user-friendly interfaces to boost healthcare personnel' satisfaction with e-Health. In summary, this study offers important information for strengthening e-Health and HIMS applications and presents important suggestions for raising the caliber of healthcare services through digital transformation.

Firearm Injury Prevention and Survivor Interventions: A Scoping Review.

To examine components of firearm injury prevention and survivor response programs, their outcomes, and gaps in this body of research. A total of 100 publications were identified across four databases: PubMed/Medline, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Scopus. Articles were screened for inclusion in the scoping review and details were extracted into an electronic table for synthesis. A total of 27 articles were included. Education on firearm injury prevention was shown to be feasible and acceptable in health care settings, including emergency departments. Firearm survivor interventions to reduce violent injury recidivism may include peer or mentored support along with case management for coordination of mental health services, vocational training, and other services to address social determinants of health. Other community initiatives to clean up abandoned lots and engage community members in creating safe neighborhoods have been shown to reduce overall gun violence. Multi-level interventions that encompass education on reducing firearm injuries, strategies to improve psychosocial conditions and access to mental health services, as well as meeting the needs of firearm injury survivors, their families, and communities, are needed. Health sector and community partnerships can lead to integrated and sustainable programs to achieve safer neighborhoods and improve psychosocial outcomes for individuals affected by gun violence and impacted communities. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].

Investigation of the Items Prepared by Teachers Who Received Training on Item Preparation Measuring Higher-Order Thinking Skills

This study was conducted to determine how the in-service training program for science teachers affects teachers' competencies in preparing items measuring higher order learning levels. The study was conducted with the exploratory special case design, which is one of the special case study models. The study group consisted of 8 science teachers who participated in the training program implemented within the scope of the study. The training program is an 8-week question preparation training that measures higher-order thinking skills. The training was carried out theoretically and practically by science education, assessment and evaluation and curriculum experts. During the study, the teachers prepared items to measure higher order thinking skills related to the Earth and Universe learning area in the science curriculum for six months. A 21-item checklist developed by the researcher was used as a data collection tool in the study. The data obtained in the scope of the program were analyzed descriptively. The analyses were reported as frequency and percentage, and the results were visualised with graphs. At the end of the program, it was determined that 43% of the items prepared by the teachers measured higher-order thinking skills. This finding suggests that the training program positively affected the teachers' competence in writing items that measure higher-order thinking skills. At the end of the study, a fair number of suggestions were made, the most important being the widespread implementation of the training program.

Why train? Compatible and incompatible institutional logics in violence prevention and management training

A critical component of ensuring safe workplaces is training in preventing and managing violent behavior. This article examines the institutional logics underpinning such training programs, investigating their design, rationale, and impact on everyday practices within human services. Despite extensive research on the content, effects, and experiences of these training programs, there is a notable gap in understanding the rationale behind their development. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring why violence prevention and management training is structured as it is and how institutional logics affect training and practice. This research identifies seven institutional logics that shape these programs through an in-depth qualitative analysis of three Norwegian human service training programs – encompassing mental health care, child welfare services, and Norway’s national welfare agency. Some of the logics are complementary. Others are incompatible, leading to significant practical implications. Data collection included qualitative document analysis and interviews with representatives from the training communities. The study contributes to a better understanding of the factors influencing the training program design and influence, not the least, by underscoring their duality as measures of improving service delivery and ensuring safe working conditions.

Employee Training and Delivery of Services at the Postal Corporation of Kenya

Purpose: Service delivery is an essential aspect for an organization to gain competitive advantage, since service delivery deals with how a service or a product is delivered to the client and whether it’s fairly or unfairly done hence determining prosperity or downfall of organization. A sure way of realizing full potential of an organization is use relevant human resource development mechanisms appropriately. Human resource development mechanisms describe an organization’s strategies of investing in activities and programs that are intended to develop competence, skills, and knowledge of employees. The study aimed to examine possible association between employee training efforts and service delivery in Postal Corporation of Kenya in Nairobi. Methods: The study is anchored on SERVIQAL model and it deployed a positive research philosophy paradigm and quantitative research design, targeting a population of 400 respondents comprising 300 employees and 100 clients, 40% sample size is obtained from target population translating to 160 respondents. Results: Key finding of the study was that employee training is a significant determinant of service delivery at Postal Corporation of Kenya. As such, the corporation’s efforts at enhancing the capacity of its employees were established to be significantly linked to the quality of the corporation’s services. Conclusion: The study recommends deliberate planning and enhancement of the employees’ skills and knowledge to ensure continued competitiveness of the corporation.

‘We have a great deal of influence’: Finnish early childhood in-service teachers’ agency for culturally sustaining pedagogy

ABSTRACT This qualitative study focused on the role of teacher agency and critical reflection in the context of an in-service training programme for early childhood education and care (ECEC) teachers in Finland. The programme emphasised culturally sustainable pedagogy and aimed to support teachers in an increasingly multilingual society. This study aimed to investigate how teachers displayed agency as they tried to promote culturally sustaining pedagogy, and how critical reflection interacted with teachers’ professional agency. The data of the study were versatile, as they consisted of influential texts implemented via the creative writing process, two questionnaires, and interviews with the participants. The data were analysed theoretically and empirically through inductive-deductive reasoning. The investigation revealed four levels at which in-service teachers manifest agency in culturally sustaining pedagogy: individual, child-oriented, institutional, and societal. The results revealed that by writing influential texts, ECEC practitioners significantly challenged their assumptions about their agentic capacity and inspired them to reflect on their practices critically. The findings also revealed that in terms of the targeted audience, participants were not confident in their agentic role in influencing systemic change. These findings highlight the importance of discussing multiple aspects of agency in teacher education by using guided critical reflection.

UNVEILING FACTORS INFLUENCING RESEARCH HESITANCY AND LIMITED RESEARCH ENGAGEMENT AMONG FILIPINO BEGINNING TEACHERS

This descriptive qualitative study explores factors contributing to research hesitancy and limited research engagement experienced by Filipino beginning teachers. By employing in-depth individual interviews and a virtual focus group discussion, the study gathered insights from 21 purposively selected beginning teachers. Participants were required to meet all inclusion criteria to be part of the study. Template analysis was used to interpret the data gathered. The participants highlighted poor research foundations, demanding work conditions, lack of mentoring, perceived lack of professional competence, and preoccupation with personal issues as factors contributing to their research hesitance and limited research engagement. A significant finding revealed that many beginning teachers are preoccupied with personal issues, which often hinder their ability to balance personal and professional responsibilities. This highlights the complex interplay between personal struggles and professional challenges that novice educators face, an underexplored area in research. Studying the topic qualitatively allowed for a deeper understanding of these various challenges, bringing to light personal and professional struggles that may not have been fully captured through quantitative methods alone, providing a more complete picture of the issue. Findings also suggest a need for targeted interventions, such as enhanced research instruction, structured mentoring systems, manageable teaching responsibilities, and in-service training, to empower and support beginning teachers in their research journey. This study has significant implications for teacher preparation programs and school administrators, aiming to foster a research-oriented culture and enhance research engagement among early-career educators. Further investigation into how personal issues affect research skills development could help design more effective support strategies.

Situating inservice teacher training in reform community of developing holistic competence to engage practice

This article investigates the situating of inservice teacher training (TT) in teaching-learning, education, and other sector reform communities for developing holistic competence to engage practice. It vignettes a holistic inservice TT resilience to situate in an often transient reform community of developing capacity to engage practice, including competence-based education (CBE) reform that often spews vague ideas in pieces amid low incentive and commitment to undergo practice. To assist, this article adopts the situated learning lens to investigate the extent to which contextualising inservice TT in authentic teaching-learning reform community resources develops competence to engage practice. In this holistic regard, the article mixes text, interview, and questionnaire methods involving 420 Cameroon inservice TT-CBE reform community subjects as part of the global education-for-all-practice reform flow. From findings, few teachers undergo narrow inservice training and lead few partners in reform oration, resenting few means and evading complex teaching-learning reform community practices. Inservice TT’s bare oration of public education policy and reform community changes prepares teachers to facilitate teacher-centred acquisition of less competence than what learners need to engage practice. The article opines ongoing inservice TT preplanning-research, onsite activity, and outcome sustainability themes to further situate in authentic reform community resources to develop holistic competence to engage complex practice.

Enhancing palliative care for oncology patients: The effect of educational intervention on nurses competency and Attitude

Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death so the need for palliative care has increased to enhance patient’s quality of life and alleviate suffering. Nurses level of competency and attitude about palliative care are important factors affecting quality of care applied for patients. Aim: Assess and evaluate the nurses' competency and attitude regarding palliative care of cancers patients. Design: Pre -experimental (one group pre/posttest) design. Sample: A convenient sample of all available nurses (120). Setting: The study was carried out in Aswan Oncology Institute. Tools: Tool I: A structured interview questionnaire for nurses to assess nurse’s knowledge regarding palliative care, tool II: Nurses' observational checklist to assess nurses’ practices related to palliative care and tool III: Nurses' attitude toward palliative care. Results: The total score of nurses' knowledges had improved from 51.8% to 75.9% pre/post the intervention, concerning nurses’ total practices ,39.3% of the studied nurses had competent level of practice pre the intervention which improved to (82.1%) post intervention. Hundred percent of the studied nurses had negative attitude pre-palliative care intervention, while post 43.8% had negative attitude. Conclusion: Palliative care training package had significant improvement in nurses' attitude and competencies. Recommendations: Continuous in-service training program should be conducted periodically in order to update nurses' knowledge and improve their competencies levels regarding palliative cares.

Intraosseous and Intravenous Epinephrine Administration Routes in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Survival and Neurologic Outcomes.

The rate of survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest varies depending on the timeliness and effectiveness of prehospital interventions. This study was conducted to compare out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes between intravenous and intraosseous routes and between upper and lower extremity routes for drug administration. We retrospectively analyzed data (collected using the Utstein template) from 1220 patients who had experienced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Taiwan's Taoyuan City between January 2021 and August 2023. The patients were stratified into intravenous and intraosseous groups by treatment approach and upper and lower extremity access groups by access site. The study outcomes were survival to discharge, favorable neurologic outcomes (Cerebral Performance Category score 1 or 2), and survival for >2 hours. The study groups were statistically compared before and after propensity score matching. Significant pre-propensity score matching differences were observed between intravenous and intraosseous groups, and the aforementioned study outcomes were better in the intravenous group than in the intraosseous group. However, the between-group differences became nonsignificant after propensity score matching. Furthermore, lower extremity access and delayed epinephrine administration were associated with worse outcomes. Survival rates fell below 12.6% when time to treatment exceeded 15 minutes, particularly in the cases of intraosseous access and lower extremity access. This study highlights the benefits of early intervention and upper extremity access for drug administration in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Intraosseous access may serve as a viable alternative to intravenous access. Timely administration of essential drugs during resuscitation can improve clinical outcomes and thus has implications for emergency medical service training.