Professional Training Programs Research Articles

Urgent appeal for expanded initiatives in gastric motility disorders across low and middle-income countries: Illustrating the example of gastroparesis

This paper provides a comprehensive exploration of the current state of gastroparesis management in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), emphasising recent innovations, persistent challenges, and future prospects. Gastroparesis, a condition characterised by delayed stomach emptying, presents debilitating symptoms and is notably linked to neuropathic disorders, including diabetes mellitus. Despite an apparent higher prevalence in LMICs compared to the global average, epidemiological data remains scarce. The paper highlights pioneering research in Pakistan, Brazil, and China, showcasing a transformative shift toward comprehensive studies that delve into nuanced aspects of gastroparesis epidemiology, gender-specific patterns, and innovative therapeutic approaches such as acupuncture. However, challenges impeding clinical management and research in LMICs are identified, encompassing the absence of extensive epidemiological studies, lack of treatment guidelines, and the scarcity of specialised training programs for healthcare professionals. These challenges are intertwined with broader issues such as limited healthcare infrastructure, resource disparities, and healthcare workforce shortages. The paper proposes a multifaceted approach for addressing these challenges, involving international collaboration, capacity building, and the integration of gastroparesis management into primary healthcare services. Strategies to combat brain drain, such as collaborative agreements akin to the UK-South Africa Memorandum of Understanding, are advocated.

Small programs, big challenges: Reimagining the evaluation of clinical teaching in genetic counseling.

Within the health professions education system, a significant proportion of teaching and learning occurs in the clinical setting. As such, the need to measure effective teaching for accreditation standards, faculty development, merit pay, academic promotion, and for monitoring the safety of the learning environment has led to numerous universities developing instruments to evaluate teaching effectiveness in this context. To date; however, these instruments typically focus on the student perspective, despite evidence demonstrating that student evaluations of teaching (SETs) lack correlation with learning outcomes and are not a true measure of teaching effectiveness. This issue is further exacerbated in small health professional training programs, such as genetic counseling, where clinical teachers may only supervise 1-3 students per year. As a result, not only are SETs more confounded due to small sample sizes, but a direct conflict exists between respecting learner anonymity and providing timely and relevant feedback to faculty. In such contexts, even using SETs to evaluate the nature of the learning environment may be unreliable due to student concerns about identifiability and fear of retaliation for unfavorable evaluation. This paper will review the literature regarding SETs, barriers to this process within the clinical setting, and the unintended downstream consequences. Options for addressing issues related to the use of SETs will be considered, with particular focus on the process of reflection and the use of teaching consultations or peer support groups as a means to improve teaching effectiveness in this learning environment.

Adequacy, Utilization of Laboratory Equipment and Performance of Junior High School Science Teachers

This research aimed to determine the relationship between laboratory equipment adequacy and utilization, and the performance levels of Science teachers in Malapatan Municipality. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed, utilizing surveys and observations to collect the data from 13 teachers across three districts, Malapatan Districts 1, 2 and 3. The study revealed that most teachers have Master of Arts in Education degrees in Science, a significant portion lacks in-service training, potentially limiting their effectiveness in using laboratory resources and teaching methods. The deficiency in Biology, Chemistry, Earth Science, and Physics equipment hinders Grade 9 Science teachers' ability to conduct hands-on experiments and practical demonstration crucial for teaching these subjects. Classifying skill shows high extent in utilizing the laboratory equipment while Observing, Inferencing, Experimenting, Predicting, Communicating, and General Questions require improvement. In terms of teaching performance, teachers excel in Physics but need improvement in Earth Science, Chemistry, and Biology. The weak positive correlation between equipment adequacy and teacher performance needs to be improved, indicating that additional factors such as teacher skills and resource availability play significant roles. The researcher developed a comprehensive and effective professional training program for science teachers to effectively utilize laboratory equipment and incorporate science process skills into teaching methods.

Bridging the Divide: A Review on the Implementation of Personalized Cancer Medicine

The shift towards personalized cancer medicine (PCM) represents a significant transformation in cancer care, emphasizing tailored treatments based on the genetic understanding of cancer at the cellular level. This review draws on recent literature to explore key factors influencing PCM implementation, highlighting the role of innovative leadership, interdisciplinary collaboration, and coordinated funding and regulatory strategies. Success in PCM relies on overcoming challenges such as integrating diverse medical disciplines, securing sustainable investment for shared infrastructures, and navigating complex regulatory landscapes. Effective leadership is crucial for fostering a culture of innovation and teamwork, essential for translating complex biological insights into personalized treatment strategies. The transition to PCM necessitates not only organizational adaptation but also the development of new professional roles and training programs, underscoring the need for a multidisciplinary approach and the importance of team science in overcoming the limitations of traditional medical paradigms. The conclusion underscores that PCM’s success hinges on creating collaborative environments that support innovation, adaptability, and shared vision among all stakeholders involved in cancer care.

Exploring the role and purpose of hospitality higher education under neo-liberalism: Perspectives from hospitality academics

This study aims to examine neo-liberalism and its ideological influences in the design and delivery of hospitality higher education in the United Kingdom. The study is underpinned by a qualitative approach, with semi-structured interviews employed as the method for data collection, with thematic analysis as the method for data analysis. Fifty-five hospitality academics working in nine universities were interviewed regarding their perceptions of being a hospitality academic teaching hospitality-related subjects in higher education. Findings were explored and analysed in relation to the broader influence of neo-liberalism on higher education and three key themes emerged, which are: restrictive conception of hospitality as the commercial hotel sector, issue of academic identity, and corporatized institutional leadership. Under the backdrop of neo-liberalism, the higher education sector has prioritized graduate employability as one of its primary responsibilities. Subsequently, hospitality higher education is predominantly viewed akin to a form of professional training programme for the commercial hotel sector, and being a hospitality academic is mainly perceived as an industry mentor, educating students with industry-relevant skills and professional practices. Institutionally, the increasing corporatization of higher education has created an environment which hospitality programmes are positioned to satisfy market demands and secure student recruitment. Informed by these findings, the current study draws the conclusion that there is a strong presence of the neo-liberal ideology reinforcing a vocational ‘filter’ on the design and delivery of hospitality higher education, which legitimizes certain educational values and practices while neglecting and undermining others. This article proposes that greater interdisciplinary engagement with other academic subjects, more recruitment of academics with a broader understanding of hospitality, and institutional leadership that appreciates and encourages alternative pedagogical approaches, are keys to creating possibilities to incorporate a more critical and humanistic underpinning in the academic development of hospitality.

Towards an efficient judiciary in Moldova: Lessons from EU reform initiatives

This study explores the multifaceted challenges impeding the functionality of Moldova’s judicial system, emphasizing the necessity of comprehensive reform measures. By conducting a qualitative analysis of European Union judicial reforms, this research aims to identify effective strategies that could be adapted to the Moldovan context. Key areas of focus include the development of sustainable financing models, enhancement of training programs for judicial professionals, and the integration of digital technologies into judicial processes. The paper proposes a set of reforms tailored to Moldova’s unique socioeconomic and cultural landscape, with the goal of improving judicial efficiency, transparency, and adaptability. Through this analysis, the paper contributes to the broader discourse on judicial reform in transitional countries, offering insights into the potential for systemic improvements within Moldova’s judiciary.

Shared decision making for patients with kidney failure to improve end-of-life care: Development of the DESIRE intervention.

To describe the development of a shared decision making intervention for planning end-of-life care for patients with kidney failure, their relatives and health professionals in kidney services. End-of-life care conversations within standard disease management consultations are challenging for patients with kidney failure, their relatives and health professionals. End-of-life care planning is about making difficult decisions in advance, which is why health professionals need shared decision making skills to be able to initiate end-of-life conversations. Health professionals report needing more skills to raise the issue of end-of-life care options within consultations and patients want to be able to discuss issues important to them about future care plans. The development design was guided by the UK Medical Research Council's framework and a user-centred approach was applied. Four workshops were conducted with end users. The Template for Intervention Description and Replication for Population Health and Policy interventions was used to shape which questions needed to be answered through the workshops and to present the intervention. The International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) criteria set the standards to be achieved. Areas considered significant to a shared decision making intervention were training of health professionals, conversations about end-of-life care, planning and evaluation of the decisions, reporting decisions in health records and repetition of consultation. The development process went through 14 iterations. An intervention named DESIRE was developed that comprises: (1) a training programme for health professionals; (2) shared decision making conversations; and (3) a patient decision aid. The intervention met 30 out of 33 IPDAS criteria. DESIRE is intended to support shared decision making about planning end-of-life care among patients with kidney failure, their relatives and health professionals. The study provides important tools for the stakeholders engaged that can be used within different models of care. What problem did the study address? International guidelines recommend health professionals involve patients with kidney failure in making decisions about end-of-life care, but there is variation in how this is implemented within and across kidney services. Furthermore, patients, relatives and health professionals find it challenging to initiate conversations about end-of-life care. What were the main findings? The study resulted in the development of a complex intervention, called DESIRE, about shared decision making and planning end-of-life care for patients with kidney failure, their relatives and health professionals in kidney services, including a training programme for health professionals, shared decision making conversations and a patient decision aid. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? The research contributes a shared decision making intervention to patients in the later stage of kidney failure, their relatives and health professionals. We believe that the DESIRE intervention could be introduced during consultations with health professionals at an earlier stage of the patient's illness trajectory, as well as being applied to other chronic diseases. This intervention development research is reported according to the GUIDance for the rEporting of intervention Development (GUIDED) checklist and the DEVELOPTOOLS Reporting Checklist. Patients, relatives and health professionals have been involved throughout the research process as part of the research team and advisory board. For this study, the advisory board has particularly contributed to the development process of the DESIRE intervention by actively participating in the four workshops, in the iterations between the workshops and in the preparation of the manuscript.

SOCIAL POLICY REGARDING VETERANS, PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AND OTHER VULNERABLE POPULATION GROUPS

The study focuses on evaluating and analyzing social policies designed to enhance the quality of life for veterans, disabled individuals, and other vulnerable population groups. Emphasis is placed on the effectiveness and adaptability of existing programs and initiatives, along with identifying potential directions for further development of social support for the mentioned citizen categories. The research adopts a comprehensive approach, incorporating the analysis of legislative frameworks, examination of statistical data, and conducting empirical investigations. Comparative analysis methods, surveys, and interviews with representatives of vulnerable groups and experts in social policy are employed. The social policy directed towards veterans, people with disabilities, and other vulnerable population groups is an integral component of the structure of modern society. Providing support to these categories of citizens holds significant humanitarian importance, as it reflects universal values and contributes to addressing issues of social justice. Systematic efforts to create equal opportunities for vulnerable groups foster inclusive development, promoting the construction of a more just and balanced society. The work not only addresses existing challenges in the realm of social support for veterans, disabled individuals, and other vulnerable groups but also proposes specific recommendations for improving assistance programs. This includes exploring opportunities to enhance the accessibility of social services and stimulate the integration of these groups into society. The findings of the research underscore the necessity for actively implementing innovative approaches in social policy, taking into account the individual needs and capabilities of vulnerable groups. The proposed recommendations can serve as a foundation for future policy decisions and improvements in the social support system for relevant population categories. Special attention is given to the development of professional rehabilitation and training programs aimed at integrating individuals into the workforce. In the context of vulnerable population groups, there is a highlighted necessity to expand social protection for the elderly, single parents, and individuals with disabilities. The recommendations also aim to improve mechanisms of civic participation and partnerships between the government, civil society, and businesses to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of social programs. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of revisiting and improving social policy in response to contemporary challenges and the diverse needs of different population groups. The developed recommendations can serve as a basis for strategic planning and enhancing the overall social system.

Trainees as Agents of Change: A Theory-Informed Model for Trainee-Driven Curricular Advocacy in Medical Education.

Trainees (medical students, residents, and fellows) are beginning to make strides in pushing for changes to their education. While there are many examples of successful trainee-led curriculum reform efforts, the path to success remains unclear. To better understand the process of trainee-driven curricular advocacy, the author analyzes this process through the lens of ecological systems theory (EST) not only to provide readers with context for the barriers and facilitators to trainee-driven curricular advocacy but also to further medical education's understanding of the sociopolitical forces influencing the process of trainee-driven curricular advocacy and reform through the lens of the trainee. EST explains how individuals are influenced by a complex web of social and environmental forces. The theory outlines 5 ecological systems of influence: the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem. Using EST to explore the process of trainee-driven curricular advocacy therefore clarifies the many layers of influence that trainees must navigate while advocating for curriculum change. The author then draws on this theory and their own experience as a medical student advocating for local and national curriculum reform to develop a model to facilitate trainee-driven curricular advocacy in medical education. The proposed model outlines concrete steps trainees can take while going through the process of curricular advocacy both within their own institutions and on a national level. Through developing this model, the author hopes not only to empower trainees to become agents of change in medical education but also to encourage faculty members and administrators within health professional training programs to support trainees in these efforts.

Leveraging digital assets: lessons from a 14-year-old isotope tracer course for professional scientists.

The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent policies (e.g., social distancing, travel restrictions) challenged both organizers for and attendees of programs typically held in-person. Many scientific training programs quickly adapted to virtual formats by incorporating digital assets developed for virtual learning and remote social engagement. At the outset, the value of continuing digital elements with future in-person events was unclear. To examine how virtual resources supported heterogeneous professional training programs, we reviewed survey data for a 14-year-old training program for scientific professionals titled Isotope Tracers in Metabolic Research: Principles and Practice of Kinetic Analysis. We found a positive relationship between survey satisfaction and the post-pandemic, in-person program that included digital assets held in 2022 when compared to pre-pandemic in-person programs. To better understand the post-pandemic program satisfaction, we assessed the 2021 virtual course format and survey data. We found that although there was a desire to return to in-person programs, the digital assets and approaches were valued. In examining the individual programmatic elements in the 2022 in-person course, there was better "value and understandability" of lectures over previous in-person years. These findings highlight how incorporating new digital engagement strategies for professional development benefit even the most established programs in supporting heterogeneous learners.

A Roadmap for Training in Urogynecology: IUGA International Initiative.

Training in urogynecology is an important mission of the International Urogynecological Association (IUGA). Promoting official training programs in countries around the world is an integral part of this mission. The IUGA established the Fellowship Development Committee to develop a roadmap to assist countries to develop a professional training program in urogynecology. Two focus groups were created: the curricula topics focus group and the survey focus group. The curricula topics focus group is aimed at developing a list of subjects that can be the basis for a training syllabus. The survey focus group is aimed at understanding the main steps and the difficulties in establishing an official training program by interviewing representatives from both accredited and non-accredited countries and developing a roadmap for an official training program recognized by the local authorities. The fellowship development committee included 13 members. The curricula topics focus group developed a format for the description of each included topic. Each topic had to include a description of the required related skills and procedures. Two curricula topics lists were created: one for basic training and a second for advanced training. The survey focus group conducted two table discussions with representatives from countries with accredited training programs and countries without accredited training programs. The comments of these meetings were summarized in documents submitted to the IUGA board of directors. The fellowship development committee studied the main hurdles to developing an official training program in urogynecology. The roadmap document should form the basis of the IUGA international initiative to assist countries around the world to develop an official training program in urogynecology recognized by the local authority.

Current Status of Neurorehabilitation Services in the OIC Countries: Results of an International Online Survey

Objectives: Neurorehabilitation services are not widely available to most persons with disability (PWD) in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation countries. This study aimed to document status of neurorehabilitation services in OIC countries. Study Design and Setting: Cross-sectional online survey. Methods: Self-administered online survey conducted using Google Forms. Key resource persons for each OIC country working in field of neurorehabilitation were identified from various databases. The questionnaire was emailed to 20 identified resource persons. The response rate was 60% (12/20). Results: Neurorehabilitation services were available in 9 out of 12 surveyed countries. Only 2 countries reported providing access to neurorehabilitation services to 76-100% of their population. Five countries reported less than 25% of population had access to these services. Most commonly available neurorehabilitation services included services for stroke, spinal cord injury, pediatric neurorehabilitation, brain injury, and neuromuscular rehabilitation. Three countries had none of these specialized services. Five countries had neurorehabilitation training programs for physicians and other rehabilitation professionals. Patients had to pay out of pocket for these services in most of surveyed countries, followed by public funding and private insurance. Tele-neurorehabilitation and local disease-specific neurorehabilitation guidelines were not available in most of surveyed countries. Conclusion: Neurorehabilitation services in OIC region are not widely available, with significant variability in availability and quality. There is a need to develop and improve these services. Sharing knowledge and expertise through various forms, such as exchange visits and online sessions, can help improve neurorehabilitation services in these countries

The influence of employees’ regulatory focus on knowledge hiding behavior

BACKGROUND: Knowledge sharing is a prerequisite for organizational success, while knowledge hiding is often detrimental to organizational development. OBJECTIVE: Drawing upon regulatory focus theory and interactionism, this research aims to investigate how regulatory focus influences employees’ knowledge hiding and the moderating role of cooperative climate. METHODS: Data were collected through a time-lagged survey of 320 full-time employees enrolled in a professional training program at a Chinese university. Confirmatory factor analysis, descriptive analysis, hierarchical regression analyses, and bootstrap analysis were some of the analytical techniques used. RESULTS: The results indicate that promotion focus has a positive impact on knowledge hiding, whereas prevention focus is negative to knowledge hiding. Furthermore, cooperative climate moderates the influence of regulatory focus on knowledge hiding. CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes to our understanding of the important role of employees’ regulatory focus on knowledge hiding behavior in the workplace.

Effects of Strategic Sourcing on Cost Reduction: A Case Study of Manufacturing Companies in Bangladesh

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of strategic sourcing on cost reduction: a case study of manufacturing companies in Bangladesh. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study on strategic sourcing's impact on cost reduction in Bangladeshi manufacturing firms demonstrated significant positive results. It showed that strategic sourcing led to notable reductions in procurement costs, enhanced supplier management, negotiation, and risk mitigation strategies. The findings underscored the importance of aligning procurement strategies with organizational goals for sustainable cost reductions and competitive advantages in the sector. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Transaction cost economics (TCE), resource-based view (RBV) & contingency theory may be used to anchor future studies on analyze the effects of strategic sourcing on cost reduction: a case study of manufacturing companies in Bangladesh. Provide training and capacity-building programs for managers and procurement professionals in Bangladeshi manufacturing companies to enhance their understanding and implementation of strategic sourcing strategies. Advocate for policy reforms that support the development of a more transparent, competitive, and efficient supplier market in Bangladesh.

Assessing the equivalency of face-to-face and online simulated patient interviews in an educational intervention

BackgroundIn adapting to COVID-19, many health professional training programs moved abruptly from in-person to online simulated patient interviews for teaching and evaluation without the benefit of evidence regarding the efficacy of this mode of delivery. This paper reports on a multi-methods research project comparing in-person and online simulated patient interviews conducted by allied health professionals as part of an educational intervention offered at a large university teaching hospital.MethodsTwenty-three participants conducted two 15-min interviews with simulated patients using previously validated scenarios of patients presenting with suicide risk. In order to assess the equivalency of the two modalities, physiological and psychological stress were measured using heart rate variability parameters and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory respectively, and then were compared across cohorts using t-tests. Reflective interviews elicited qualitative impressions of the simulations that were subject to thematic qualitative analysis.ResultsThere were no statistical differences in measures of psychological stress or physiological arousal of participant health care professionals who engaged with in-person versus online simulated interviews, suggesting they were equally effective in eliciting reactions commonly found in challenging clinical situations. In reflective interviews, participants commented on the realism of both modalities of simulated patient encounters and that simulated interviews provoked emotional and physiological responses consistent with actual patient encounters.ConclusionsThese findings provide developing evidence that carefully designed online clinical simulations can be a useful tool for the education and assessment of healthcare professionals.

A systematic review on the formative assessment practice in teaching and learning in secondary school

Formative assessment is an assessment that is conducted throughout the teaching and learning process. Therefore, teachers should play an important role in mastering the appropriate approaches to practicing formative assessment. According to previous studies, some teachers are unable to comprehend the roles of formative assessment practices in teaching and learning, which prevents them from using them effectively in the classroom. Many researchers have conducted research related to the practice of formative assessment in schools due to this issue. Therefore, this article aims to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) on past studies related to the practice of formative assessment in teaching and learning in secondary schools. This SLR writing process has been referred to as the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) writing standard. To find related articles and resources in this systematic literature review, two main databases, namely Web of Science and Scopus, were used. A total of 19 articles were extracted from 366 from 2017 to 2021, with exceptions and inclusion criteria considered. Based on the theme analysis, this SLR has three main themes: assessment diversity; assessment strategies, and student learning development. Thus, this study suggests that all compulsory levels of education understand formative assessment conceptually and its implementation comprehensively. This can be disseminated through teacher professional development training programs. It is hoped that such programs will develop teachers who are committed to integrating the concept and practice of assessment for the benefit of students in twenty-first century education.

SPECIFICITY OF INTERFERENCE IN THE RUSSIAN SPEECH OF UZBEKS

The existing professional training programs for a future teacher are not fully focused on the subjective personal experience of students, are not addressed to their initial ideas about pedagogical activity, and do not take into account the students' own experience. Subjective experience in the learning processis constantly transformed, modified according to the accumulative principle.

The experience of Romanian physiotherapists in the management of postoperative rehabilitation of patients with total hip arthroplasty - content and criteria for completion of physiotherapy sessions

Abstract: Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a procedure that removes damaged bone and cartilage and replaces it with prosthetic components and is performed by orthopedics. Ob-jective: management of post-operative rehabilitation of THA patients in terms of content and completion criteria of physiotherapy sessions. The research aims to explore the experience of Romanian physiotherapists about the content and completion criteria of physiotherapy sessions involved in the management of postoperative rehabilitation after THA. Methods: The method used in this study was a questionnaire-based survey, with 120 Romanian specialists in the field com-pleting an online screening tool that contained, along with a socio-demographic questionnaire, a series of questions about their professional experience. Results: One of the most important results of the study is the identification of statistically significant associations between the completion criteria of physiotherapy sessions and three techniques included in the rehabilitation program after THA: edema management, gait re-education exercises, and exercises to increase hip mobility. Conclu-sion: The the research revealed that the experience of Romanian specialists regarding postopera-tive rehabilitation after THA is concordant with the experience of specialists in the field, and can be used to develop and test an individualized therapeutic protocol and to design continuing profes-sional training programs for physiotherapists in Romania.

Interprofessional Collaborative Practice in Professional and Residency Athletic Training Programs: A Report from the Association of Athletic Training Education Research Network

Context Interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) is a required component of athletic training education, yet more needs to be learned about how professional and residency programs integrate IPCP into their curricula. Objective Identify current strategies used in the integration, assessment, and quality of IPCP clinical experiences in athletic training programs. Design Cross-sectional survey. Patients or Other Participants Forty-two of the 288 (14.6% response rate) invited individuals participated. All reported being faculty members affiliated with a professional or residency athletic training program. Data Collection and Analysis The IPCP implementation and assessment was e-mailed to all accredited professional and residency program directors to evaluate: (1) institutional or organizational support for and integration of IPCP; (2) faculty, learner, or preceptor preparation for IPCP engagement; and (3) tools for assessment and quality of IPCP experiences. Survey instrumentation was validated through peer and expert review. Descriptive statistics were calculated for quantitative data, and open coding was used to analyze open-ended questions. Results Respondents reported favorable support from their institution or organization (administrative, financial, and organizational structure) to integrate IPCP experiences. The most common methods for IPCP implementation included clinical simulations (n = 22, 22.9%), grand rounds (n = 13, 13.5%), morbidity and mortality conferences (n = 3, 3.1%), journal clubs (n = 6, 6.3%), direct patient care (n = 14, 14.9%), and intentional clinical education experiences (n = 28, 29.2%). Respondents reported formal IPCP training for faculty (n = 7, 16.7%) and learners (n = 23, 54.8%) but not for preceptors (n = 25, 73.5%). While programs assess their learners’ IPCP experiences (n = 25, 59.5%), the quality of those experiences is not formally captured (n = 19, 45.2%). Conclusion(s) Interprofessional collaborative practice experiences within athletic training education continue to evolve. As such, in this study, we highlight the need for formalized training in IPCP for faculty, learners, and preceptors. Additionally, program faculty should consider implementing quality assessments of IPCP experiences to assess the quality and degree to which learners experience interprofessional collaboration.

Enhancing Early Childhood Education Teachers' Creativity through Professional Development Training Program

This study aimed to examine the implementation and impact of professional development on the creativity of early childhood educators, focusing on creating an innovative teaching medium known as the Magic Box. This research used a qualitative approach with a case study method; the research subjects comprised ten early childhood educators, one resource person, and one training manager. Data were collected using in-depth interviews, observations, and document studies. The Miles and Huberman method was used to analyze the collected data. The research findings reveal a substantial transformation in educators' creativity levels after participating in Magic Box's professional development and training programs. Through a structured and hands-on approach, educators gain practical experience and motivation to infuse creativity into their teaching practices. Educators report increased confidence in generating creative ideas for teaching materials and a shift in their instructional approach to encourage more engaging and interactive learning experiences for children.