Phonological Awareness Training Research Articles

Comparing the Effectiveness of Face-to-Face and Virtual Phonological Awareness Training in Reading Performance of Students with Dyslexia during COVID-19 Pandemic

The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of face-to-face and virtual phonological awareness training in the reading performance of students with dyslexia during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, 90 students with dyslexia were selected by convenience sampling and assigned to two experimental (face-to-face and virtual) groups and a control one. The reading and dyslexia test and Wechsler Intelligence Scale) were used for data collection, and the data were analyzed using ANCOVA. The results revealed a significant difference in the reading performance of the experimental and control groups. . , Phonological awareness training significantly influenced the reading performance of students with dyslexia..

Effect of music integrated phonological awareness program on preschool cochlear implant users

ObjectivesChildren with cochlear implants exhibit lower phonological awareness and sound discrimination skills compared to their normal-hearing peers. However, music training has been shown to have a positive effect on speech discrimination and awareness skills. MethodsOur study included 23 cochlear implant users and 23 normal hearing participants aged 5–6 years with language skills. The aim was to observe the effect of a music-integrated phonological awareness program on cochlear implant users and to compare the phonological awareness skills of children with cochlear implants before and after online training with their normal hearing peers. ResultsResults showed that the trained study group scored higher on the Scale of Early Childhood Phonological Awareness (PASECP) after training than the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, SMRT scores increased between before and after training in the study group, and Mismatch Negativity (MMN) amplitudes increased and latencies decreased as a result of training (p < 0.05). ConclusionsThe study suggests that phonological awareness training integrated with music can effectively improve the phonological awareness skills of children with cochlear implants and has the potential to enable them to achieve phonological awareness levels similar to or even better than their normal hearing peers.

Phonological awareness training and phonological therapy approaches for specific language impairment children with speech sound disorders: a comparative outcome study.

Children with specific language impairment (SLI) might present with speech sound disorder (SSD) and phonological awareness (PA) deficits which put them at risk of potential reading problems. This work aimed to organizean intervention program in Arabic forphonologicaltraining and to assess the effect of PA training versus the phonological therapy (PT) for children with SLI and SSD. The study was carried out on 60 children with comorbid SLI and SSD, aged 5-7 years. Children were equally divided into two groups; each group received language therapy combined with (PT or PA training). Measures of language development, phonological output, and PA were taken before therapy and at 4 month post-therapy for all children. The two therapy groups made nearly the same amount of progress in the development of language and phonological production, with no significant differences regarding language age and percent of consonants correct (PCC). The PA training group progressed more on the PA skills than children who received PT over the same time. PA training could facilitate the development of phonological skills by targeting the child's awareness of phonemes and improving the production of sound patterns.

Effect of Integrated Phonological Awareness Intervention for Children with Speech Sound Disorders

Objectives: Some children with speech sound disorders (SSD) are likely to have difficulty with phonological awareness skills and develop reading problems when they reach school age. This study aimed to examine the effect of the integrated phonological awareness intervention for children with SSD.Methods: Three children with SSD participated in the intervention study. All of them were 5 years old and showed consonant accuracy of about 50-80% in word levels of the Assessment of Phonology and Articulation for Children (APAC) test. They had no previous experience in speech therapy or specific phonological awareness training. Integrated phonological awareness which emphasized production practices for target phonemes as well as phonological awareness tasks were provided to the three children for approximately 12 weeks within a multiple baseline and AB design.Results: All the three children showed improvements in consonant accuracy of spontaneous speech as well as all target phonemes. Also, they showed progress in phonological awareness skills at syllable and body-coda levels. The intervention effects were maintained after the intervention phases were completed.Conclusion: This study confirmed that integrated phonological awareness intervention was effective in improving articulation and phonological awareness skills for children with SSD. It is expected that the intervention would prevent them from showing reading difficulties.

Effect of Integrated Phonological Awareness Intervention for Children with Speech Sound Disorders

Objectives: Some children with speech sound disorders (SSD) are likely to have difficulty with phonological awareness skills and develop reading problems when they reach school age. This study aimed to examine the effect of the integrated phonological awareness intervention for children with SSD.Methods: Three children with SSD participated in the intervention study. All of them were 5 years old and showed consonant accuracy of about 50-80% in word levels of the Assessment of Phonology and Articulation for Children (APAC) test. They had no previous experience in speech therapy or specific phonological awareness training. Integrated phonological awareness which emphasized production practices for target phonemes as well as phonological awareness tasks were provided to the three children for approximately 12 weeks within a multiple baseline and AB design.Results: All the three children showed improvements in consonant accuracy of spontaneous speech as well as all target phonemes. Also, they showed progress in phonological awareness skills at syllable and body-coda levels. The intervention effects were maintained after the intervention phases were completed.Conclusion: This study confirmed that integrated phonological awareness intervention was effective in improving articulation and phonological awareness skills for children with SSD. It is expected that the intervention would prevent them from showing reading difficulties.

Developmental changes in the contributions of phonological processing skills to Chinese character reading and arithmetic

This study examined the associations of phonological processing skills with reading and arithmetic ability in Chinese kindergartners (Mage = 5.56 years), third graders (Mage = 9.72 years), and fifth graders (Mage = 11.75 years) (N = 413) of Han descent. The results showed that phonological awareness and rapid automatized naming (RAN) showed stronger relations than phonological memory with reading and arithmetic across grades. Furthermore, the associations of phonological awareness and RAN with reading were much stronger in kindergartners than in primary school children, whereas their relationships with arithmetic remained stable across grades. Among phonological skills, phonological awareness has a unique influence on arithmetic that is independent of Chinese character reading in third-graders and kindergartners. In contrast, RAN uniquely explained the variation in arithmetic skills in fifth graders when reading was statistically controlled for. These findings have important implications for understanding the co-development of reading and arithmetic across grades and raise the possibility of training in phonological awareness and/or RAN to help children at risk for learning disabilities.

Longitudinal predictors of word reading for children with Williams syndrome

We examined the cognitive, language, and instructional predictors of early word-reading ability in a sample of children with Williams syndrome longitudinally. At Time 1, sixty-nine 6–7-year-olds (mean age = 6.53 years) completed standardized measures of phonological awareness, visual-spatial perception, vocabulary, and overall intellectual ability. Word-reading instruction type was classified as (systematic) Phonics (n = 35) or Other (n = 34). At Time 2, approximately 3 years later (mean age = 9.47 years), children completed a standardized assessment of single-word reading ability. Reading ability at Time 2 varied considerably, from inability to read any words to word-reading ability slightly above the level expected for age. The results of a multiple regression indicated that Time 1 word-reading instruction type, phonological awareness, and visual-spatial perception (as assessed by a matching letter-like forms measure) each explained significant unique variance in word reading at Time 2. A systematic phonics approach was associated with significantly better performance than other reading-instruction approaches. Exploratory analyses suggested that the relations between these factors were complex. Considered together, these findings strongly suggest that, in line with the Cumulative Risk and Resilience Model of reading disability, word-reading (dis)ability in Williams syndrome is probabilistic in nature, resulting from the interaction of multiple individual and environmental risk and protective factors. The results also have educational implications: early word-reading instruction for children with Williams syndrome should combine systematic phonics and phonological awareness training while also incorporating letter discrimination instruction highlighting the visual-spatial differences between similar-appearing letters.

The Effect of Embedding Phonological Awareness Training on Adult EFL Learners’ Phonological Awareness Skill

&lt;p style="text-align:justify"&gt;Phonological awareness relates closely to listening and speaking skills. It also has an important role in learning to read in an alphabetic writing system. In the context of learning a new language, it is essential to figure out an appropriate strategy in accelerating the phonological awareness skill. The present study aims at investigating the effect of embedding phonological awareness training in adult English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ phonological awareness skill. It involved 63 EFL students who were divided into two groups: Experimental and control. The data were taken by using a phonological awareness test and analyzed by using independent samples t-test. The overall comparison showed that the experimental group who received an embedded phonological awareness training for 4.5 hours (45 minutes of six meetings) surpassed the control group who joined a regular vocabulary class without phonological awareness training (p = .017). Thus, phonological awareness training effectively accelerates adult EFL learners’ phonological awareness skills.&lt;/p&gt;

Impact of FM System Use on Acquisition of Phonological Awareness Skills for Children at Risk of Dyslexia: A Preliminary Classroom Study.

This study evaluated the effects of utilizing a frequency modulation (FM) system during phonological awareness intervention for students at risk for dyslexia in a classroom setting. Four first-grade students participated in an adapted-alternating single-case design study. Participants completed intervention targeting two phonological awareness skills and were assigned to wear an FM system during lessons targeting one skill and no FM system during lessons targeting the second skill. Performance was assessed using daily assessments on the skills targeted during intervention and one additional skill. Two participants demonstrated quicker and more pronounced improvement on the skill learned while wearing the FM system. The other two participants did not show improvement on any skill. For children who made gains as a result of phonological awareness intervention, the FM system was associated with quicker and greater improvement. FM systems show promise as a tool to use during phonological awareness training for at least some children at risk for dyslexia. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20540139.

Implementation of an intensive second language reading intervention program for Arabic L1 learners of English as a foreign language

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of focused reading interventions on the eye movement patterns and reading scores of second language (L2) learners. We compared two groups of proficiency matched Arabic L2 learners before and after an intensive reading intervention program. Two classes received a barrage of reading interventions and two classes served as comparison groups. The intervention program consisted of textual enhancement, phonological awareness training, training in word recognition, spelling instruction and oral text reading fluency. Analysis of reading scores showed a significant improvement over time, but no significant impact of the intervention. Both the intervention and comparison groups showed improvement in their eye tracking measures, but no significant difference in gains between the intervention and the comparison groups was found. The study provides a building block for future studies using focused pedagogical interventions with this particular group of learners.

Reading and phonological awareness improvement accomplished by transcranial direct current stimulation combined with phonological awareness training: A randomized controlled trial

Phonological awareness (PA) training is a core intervention in dyslexia. Recently, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been probed as a complementary intervention for increasing reading ability in dyslexia, but not for enhancing the efficacy of PA. The aim of the current study was thus to examine whether tDCS combined with a PA intervention improves reading, but also PA abilities as a proxy in children with dyslexia. A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial was performed to assess the effects of tDCS (applied bilaterally over the temporo-parietal junction with the anode placed over the left, and the cathode placed over the right hemisphere) combined with PA training on reading and PA abilities in dyslexic patients. Twenty-eight participants were randomly assigned to active (PA + anodal tDCS) or sham (PA + sham tDCS) groups. Each subject participated in 15 treatment sessions. PA and real/non-word reading were evaluated at baseline before the intervention, at the end of the fifth, tenth, and final intervention sessions, and then 6 weeks after intervention. In the active tDCS group, the mean scores of non-word reading and PA tests were significantly improved during, immediately, and 6 weeks after the treatment, as compared to the sham tDCS group. tDCS is thus a promising complementary intervention if combined with PA training to enhance PA and reading abilities in dyslexia for an extended period after treatment.

فعالية برنامج تدريبي في الوعي الفونولوجي لتحسين بعض المهارات القرائية في اللغة الإنجليزية لأطفال الروضة ذوي صعوبات التعلم The effectiveness of a phonological awareness training program to improve English reading skills of kindergarten children with learning disabilities

هدف البحث الحالي إلى إعداد برنامج تدريبي في الوعي الفونولوجي لتحسين بعض المهارات القرائية في اللغة الإنجليزية لأطفال الروضة ذوي صعوبات التعلم ، وطبق البرنامج على الأطفال (عينة البحث) بروضة سان جورج المتکاملة للغات بمحافظة بورسعيد للعام 2020 / 2021 وتکونت عينة البحث من 25 طفلا وطفلة، وتم التعامل معهم کمجموعة تجريبية واحدة ، واستخدام المنهج التجريبي لمعالجة النتائج إحصائيا في التطبيقين القبلي والبعدي، والبعدي والتتبعي، و کانت الأدوات المستخدمة في البحث هي : اختبار القدرة العقلية العامة (أوتيس ـــ لينون) من (5 - 6) سنوات (إعداد: مصطفى محمد کامل، 2009)، مقياس مهارات الاستعداد للقراءة باللغة الإنجليزية لأطفال الروضة ذوي صعوبات التعلم (إعداد/الباحثة)، البرنامج التدريبي المقترح وتکون من 29 جلسة بمعدل 4 جلسات تدريبية أسبوعيا. وتوصلت نتائج البحث إلى أنه : توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسطي درجات أطفال المجموعة التجريبية في القياسين القبلي والبعدي لمقياس مهارات الاستعداد للقراءة باللغة الإنجليزية لدى الأطفال ذوي صعوبات التعلم لصالح القياس البعدي حيث کانت قيمة (ت) الکلية = 37.31 ، کذلک لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسطي درجات أطفال المجموعة التجريبية في القياسين البعدي والتتبعي على مقياس مهارات الاستعداد للقراءة باللغة الإنجليزية لدى الأطفال ذوي صعوبات التعلم حيث کانت قيمة (ت) الکلية = 0.6913 ، وکذلک لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسطي درجات أطفال المجموعة التجريبية الذکور وأطفال المجموعة التجريبية الإناث في القياس البعدي لمقياس مهارات الاستعداد للقراءة باللغة الإنجليزية لدى الأطفال ذوي صعوبات التعلم حيث أن قيمة z=0.5824، مع إثبات فعالية جلسات البرنامج التدريبية المقترحة في تحقيق الهدف من البحث.

Effects of the Computer-Based Grapho-Phonological Training Lautarium in Children with Developmental Dyslexia

Effects of the Computer-Based Grapho-Phonological Training Lautarium in Children with Developmental Dyslexia The effects of the computer-based training program Lautarium on phonological awareness and literacy skills were investigated in 41 third-grade children with developmental dyslexia who attended special dyslexia classes in a primary school in Saxony, Germany. Based on the proven efficacy of phonics-based instruction, Lautarium combines training of phoneme perception and phonological awareness with training of grapheme-phoneme-relationships and reading and spelling of transparent words. In addition, rapid access from written words to meaning is included. The children of the training group (N = 27) worked through the program during school lessons, 5 times per week for 30 minutes, for a period of 7 weeks. During the training period, the controls (N = 14) received traditional remedial reading instruction, 2-3 times per week, in small groups. Children's performance in phonological awareness, reading, and spelling was assessed at three time points (pretest, immediate posttest, and follow-up after 9 weeks). Pretest scores did not differ between groups. For spelling and subtests of phonological awareness, group comparisons of raw scores at posttest and follow-up including the respective pretest score as covariate confirmed stronger improvements in the training group when compared to the controls. Effect sizes were medium to strong. For reading, improvements did not differ between groups. In both groups, standard scores (T-scores) for reading and spelling increased significantly and substantially across the study period (from pretest to follow-up). The results confirm the efficacy of computer-based training with Lautarium in children with dyslexia, and the efficacy of school-based remedial instruction provided in the dyslexia classes.

Estudio de las competencias lingüísticas en niños de educación infantil. Aplicación de un programa de entrenamiento en conciencia fonológica

Analizamos previamente los requisitos psicológicos para la correcta adquisición de las competencias lingúisticas, tan importantes en una sociedad alfabetizada, centrándonos en el entrenamiento de la conciencia fonológica como buen predictor de la capacidad lectora. Se ha elegido el Programa LOLE (Mayor y Zubiauz, 2011) por su concepción del préstamos de ayudas al alumno/a, en la línea de la teoría vygoskyana. A partir de él se elabora un programa para entrenar en conciencia fonológica trabajando desde la perspectiva de la evaluación dinámica. Se usan las ayudas que presta el programa para adaptarnos a la ZDP de cada alumno. También se pretende dar a conocer a los maestros el programa. Se aplicó en una muestra de 25 alumnos de 5 y 6 años de edad de tercero de Educación Infantil de un colegio concertado de Valladolid. Se efectuó un registro detallado de las ayudas generales y específicas (en rima, sílaba y fonema) que precisó cada alumno y de su evolución. En la metodología se han utilizado técnicas para mejorar la atención, motivación y autoestima. La aplicación ha permitido detectar alumnos con necesidades específicas, así como mejorar y valorar sus progresos fonológicos (únicamente el 28% de los alumnos han logrado resolver las actividades de forma autónoma). Del análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo se concluye que un número importante de alumnos no ha asimilado aun convenientemente las actividades más elementales de concienciación fonológica y es necesario reforzar y optimizar el aprendizaje de éstas mediante un entrenamiento sistemático

Improved language development in 2cochlear implant users with disproportionate language impairment (DLI) who received phonological awareness training

Improved language development in 2cochlear implant users with disproportionate language impairment (DLI) who received phonological awareness training

The Effectiveness of Phonological Awareness Training in Treating Deficiencies in Auditory Processing Among Children with Learning Disabilities Among Elementary Cycle Students in Saudi Arabia

This study aimed at identifying the effectiveness of using a phonological awareness-based instructional program in developing the phonetic sequential-memorization skill among students with learning disabilities in the Aseer region. The study sample consisted of forty students from the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh grades, selected from schools in the Directorate of Education in the Aseer region. The sample was diagnosed by the special education teacher as having learning disabilities. The study used the quasi-experimental methodology and divided the sample into an experimental group and a control group. After applying the instructional program, the results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in acquiring the phonetic sequential-memorization skill. The results showed no statistically significant differences in the phonetic sequential-memorization skill due to the difference of grade. It is concluded that the instructional program has a continuing effect in developing the phonetic sequential-memorization skill among students with learning disabilities in the Aseer region.

Intensive Phonological Training With Articulation—An Intervention Study to Boost Pupils' Word Decoding in Grade 1

The aim of this study is to examine how a structured intensive training period with a phonological multisensory reading training method, at the end of Grade 1, can develop pupils' ability to connect phonemes with the corresponding graphemes as well as their ability to decode. A total of 38 pupils in Grade 1 from four elementary schools participated in this randomized controlled trial (RCT) study. Of the 38 pupils 19 were randomly assigned to be part of the intervention group, the other 19 were included in the control group. The intervention involved 30 minutes of intensive training on a total of 20 sessions. The control group participated in regular reading lessons in the classroom. The study included pre- and posttesting of phonological awareness, letter knowledge, and decoding. The result shows that intensive phonological awareness training with articulation, during 20 sessions spread over 4–5 weeks, stimulates pupils' decoding ability in a positive direction.

Effects of Visual Training of Approximate Number Sense on Auditory Number Sense and School Math Ability.

Research with children and adults suggests that people’s math performance is predicted by individual differences in an evolutionarily ancient ability to estimate and compare numerical quantities without counting (the approximate number system or ANS). However, previous work has almost exclusively used visual stimuli to measure ANS precision, leaving open the possibility that the observed link might be driven by aspects of visuospatial competence, rather than the amodal ANS. We addressed this possibility in an ANS training study. Sixty-eight 6-year-old children participated in a 5-week study that either trained their visual ANS ability or their phonological awareness (an active control group). Immediately before and after training, we assessed children’s visual and auditory ANS precision, as well as their symbolic math ability and phonological awareness. We found that, prior to training, children’s precision in a visual ANS task related to their math performance – replicating recent studies. Importantly, precision in an auditory ANS task also related to math performance. Furthermore, we found that children who completed visual ANS training showed greater improvements in auditory ANS precision than children who completed phonological awareness training. Finally, children in the ANS training group showed significant improvements in math ability but not phonological awareness. These results suggest that the link between ANS precision and school math ability goes beyond visuospatial abilities and that the modality-independent ANS is causally linked to math ability in early childhood.

Combined Phonological Awareness and Print Knowledge Training Improves Reading Accuracy and Comprehension in Children with Reading Disabilities

ABSTRACT We examined the effects of a combined phonological and print intervention program on the enhancement of phonological awareness, text reading accuracy and comprehension in fourth grade Arabic-speaking children with severe difficulties in reading accuracy (dyslexia) and reading comprehension. We compared an experimental group (n = 22; mean age = 122.9 months) to a control group (n = 22; mean age = 124.65 months). The training program focused on two domains: phonological awareness and print knowledge. The results showed that the experimental group performed better in the post and follow-up assessments than in the baseline assessment on phonological awareness, reading accuracy, and comprehension. We discuss findings indicating the positive impact of phonological awareness and print knowledge on reading development in terms of decoding and comprehension abilities.

Living Dyslexia in the Foreign Language

English is an integral part of the curriculum of the Primary School, so we need to take a closer look at people struggling with problems in their mother tongue: the dyslexics. It is known that dyslexia is one of the factors associated with dropping out of school, depending the fluent reading on a series of cognitive factors that have to organize and work together to achieve their mastery. Any deficits that may arise at the level of these competencies will jeopardize the academic, personal and professional success of the dyslexic. We intended took a look at the errors made by these students in both languages and with the analysis of the results, which showed that they make the same errors in both languages, we intend to create pedagogical tools that allow these students to overcome the difficulties arising from their problems in English as a foreign language. This project has potential to contribute to one of the greatest current educational challenges, the re-education of the dyslexia in the foreign language through early intervention and phonological awareness training.