Cardiac Rehabilitation Training Research Articles

Effects of systematic cardiac rehabilitation training in elderly patients with unstable angina following cardiac stent implantation.

Coronary stent implantation is usually used to treat unstable angina to alleviate stenosis or occlusion, promoting blood flow restoration and alleviating symptoms such as myocardial ischemia. And postoperative cardiac rehabilitation is essential for enhancing recovery and prognosis. Nevertheless, conventional rehabilitation lacks specificity, particularly for elderly patients with multiple comorbidities and poor compliance, rendering it less effective. To investigate the effects of systematic cardiac rehabilitation training in elderly patients with unstable angina following coronary stenting intervention. A retrospective enrollment was conducted comprising fifty-four elderly patients with unstable angina pectoris who underwent systematic cardiac rehabilitation training after receiving coronary intervention as the rehabilitation group, while fifty-three elderly patients who received basic nursing and rehabilitation guidance measures after coronary intervention were assigned to the control group. Differences in Seattle Angina Questionnaire scores, survival quality (SF-36) scores, cardiopulmonary exercise function assessment index, echocardiographic cardiac function index, and adverse cardiovascular events were compared between the two groups. After intervention, the rehabilitation group observed greater VO2 Max, maximum metabolic equivalent, eft ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and smaller left ventricular end-systolic diameter. And the rehabilitation group observed greater scores of physical activity limitation, stable angina pectoris, treatment satisfaction, and SF-36 score. The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in the two groups, showed no significant difference. Systematic cardiac rehabilitation following coronary stenting in elderly patients with unstable angina pectoris can enhance cardiac function recovery, consequently enhancing both quality of life and cardiopulmonary exercise tolerance.

Prognostic value of cardiopulmonary exercise test in patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention

To determine the independent risk factors of cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) parameters related to adverse prognostic events within 5 years in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and establish a prediction model for the occurrence of adverse events within 5 years to provide a reference for cardiac rehabilitation training. From August 2015 to December 2021, patients who underwent PCI for AMI and completed CPET within 1–2 weeks after surgery before discharge from the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Anyang District Hospital were selected as participants. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to screen for independent risk factors associated with 5-year adverse events. Feature importance was interpreted using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), and a logistic regression model was established for prediction. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to evaluate the performance of the prediction model. Calibration was assessed by the Hosmer–Lemeshow test and the calibration curve. In total, 375 patients met the inclusion criteria. Based on whether adverse events occurred during the 5-year follow-up period, the patients were divided into two groups: the event group (n = 53) and the non-event group (n = 322). Peak oxygen uptake (peakVO2), carbon dioxide ventilation equivalent slope (VE/VCO2slop), and peak end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PETCO2) were three independent risk factors for re-acute myocardial infarction (re-AMI), heart failure (HF), and even death after PCI for AMI (P < 0.05). The SHAP plots demonstrated that the significant contributors to model performance were related to peakVO2, VE/VCO2slop, and PETCO2. The risk of adverse events was significantly reduced when the peakVO2 was ≥ 20 mL/kg/min and the VE/VCO2slop was < 33. The ROC curves of the three models were drawn, including the no-event and event groups, re-AMI group, and HF group, which performed well, with AUC of 0.894, 0.760, and 0.883, respectively. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test showed that the three models were a good fit (P > 0.05). The calibration curve of the three models was close to the ideal diagonal lines. CPET parameters can predict the prognosis of adverse events within 5 years after PCI in patients with AMI and provide a theoretical basis for cardiac rehabilitation training.

Effects of Early Cardiac Rehabilitation Training on Cardiac Function and Quality of Life in Elderly Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Retrospective Study

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effect of early cardiac recovery training on the cardiac function and life quality of elderly patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: Elderly patients who underwent CABG in our hospital from January 2022 to November 2023 were selected as the subjects, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. In accordance with the different rehabilitation intervention methods of the patients, they were separated into control group (C group) and research group (R group). The C group received conventional rehabilitation intervention, and the R Group received early cardiac recovery training intervention. The cardiac function indices and quality of life of the two groups were compared at baseline (T1) at admission, 1 day before surgery (T2), 7 days after surgery (T3), and 30 days after surgery (T4). Results: At T2 and T4, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) levels and 6-min walking test (6-MWT) of the C and R groups were sharply higher than those at T1 (p &lt; 0.05). At T3, the LVEF levels and 6-MWT distance of both groups were sharply lower than those at T1 (p &lt; 0.05). Compared with the levels at T3, the LVEF levels; the 6-MWT; and the global, physical, emotional, and social levels of the C and R groups at T2 and T4 significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05). At T1, the LVEF level; the 6-MWT; and the global, physical, emotional, and social levels of the C group was not statistically significant compared with those of the R group (p &gt; 0.05). At T2, T3, and T4, the LVEF levels; the 6-MWT; and the global, physical, emotional, and social levels of the R group were sharply higher than those of the C group (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Early cardiac recovery training can effectively ameliorate the cardiac function and improve the quality of life of elderly patients undergoing CABG.

Effects of Early Cardiac Rehabilitation Training on Cardiac Function and Quality of Life in Elderly Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Retrospective Study

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effect of early cardiac recovery training on the cardiac function and life quality of elderly patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: Elderly patients who underwent CABG in our hospital from January 2022 to November 2023 were selected as the subjects, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. In accordance with the different rehabilitation intervention methods of the patients, they were separated into control group (C group) and research group (R group). The C group received conventional rehabilitation intervention, and the R Group received early cardiac recovery training intervention. The cardiac function indices and quality of life of the two groups were compared at baseline (T1) at admission, 1 day before surgery (T2), 7 days after surgery (T3), and 30 days after surgery (T4). Results: At T2 and T4, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) levels and 6-min walking test (6-MWT) of the C and R groups were sharply higher than those at T1 (p &lt; 0.05). At T3, the LVEF levels and 6-MWT distance of both groups were sharply lower than those at T1 (p &lt; 0.05). Compared with the levels at T3, the LVEF levels; the 6-MWT; and the global, physical, emotional, and social levels of the C and R groups at T2 and T4 significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05). At T1, the LVEF level; the 6-MWT; and the global, physical, emotional, and social levels of the C group was not statistically significant compared with those of the R group (p &gt; 0.05). At T2, T3, and T4, the LVEF levels; the 6-MWT; and the global, physical, emotional, and social levels of the R group were sharply higher than those of the C group (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Early cardiac recovery training can effectively ameliorate the cardiac function and improve the quality of life of elderly patients undergoing CABG.

The effectiveness of early intensified cardiac rehabilitation training in patients with acute non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention surgery.

The effectiveness of early intensified cardiac rehabilitation training in patients with acute non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention surgery.

The efficacy of phase I cardiac rehabilitation training based on augmented reality on the self-efficacy of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A randomized clinical trial

BackgroundOpen-heart surgery is considered one of the primary treatments for severe coronary artery stenosis, but it comes with its own set of complications. However, these complications can be reduced through the implementation of proper cardiac rehabilitation during phase I. This study aimed to examine the impact of phase I cardiac rehabilitation training, using augmented reality, on the self-efficacy of cardiac management in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.MethodologyThis randomized clinical trial study involved 60 patients who were admitted to the Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit at Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad. The software used in this study consisted of various videos and educational images demonstrating physical exercises for cardiac rehabilitation. The software was developed to train the patients in the intervention group on the rehabilitation program, starting from their admission to the Intensive Care Unit until their discharge from the hospital. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests such as independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, paired t-test, chi-square test, as well as descriptive indicators. Cohen’s d was also used to evaluate the magnitude of the effect size.ResultsThe findings of this study revealed that the total mean score for cardiovascular management self-efficacy significantly increased during the transfer to the Intensive Care Unit and at the time of discharge. Notably, the increase observed in the intervention group was significantly greater than that of the control group (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe results of this study indicated that implementing early rehabilitation programs, using innovative educational technology like augmented reality, enhanced the self-efficacy of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. These findings suggest that such programs can be effectively employed as educational tools throughout different stages of cardiac rehabilitation.Trial RegistrationThis study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (no. IRCT20200203046361N1) on 16/02/2020.

Left ventricular systolic dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction is associated with a high symptom burden and worse secondary prevention

Abstract Background LV dysfunction and symptomatic heart failure are common complications after myocardial infarction and the mortality and morbidity burden remain high in this population. Published data are becoming dated, and mainly focus on mortality and hospitalization burden. There is a lack of contemporary data describing patients with post-MI LV dysfunction in terms of symptom burden and secondary prevention measures. Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe patients with different degree of LV dysfunction after MI, their symptom burden, quality of life and adherence to recommended secondary prevention measures in a nationwide patient material. Methods We included 49,564 adults ≥18 years, registered in the SWEDEHEART registry between 2011 and 2018, diagnosed with acute MI, discharged alive and with no previous heart failure. The population was stratified by degree of LV systolic function; EF &amp;gt;50%, EF 40-49%, EF 30-39% and &amp;lt;30%, assessed by echocardiography. Patients were assessed at 6-10 weeks and 10-14 months after MI. Descriptive analyses were used for demographics and characteristics at baseline, first and second follow up. Uni- and multivariable regression analyses was used to examine the associations between LV impairment and symptoms, occupation/working status, readmissions, quality of life (Eq5D), attending cardiac rehabilitation and physical training, smoking status and snuffing. Results Patients with impaired LVEF would more often experience shortness of breath (5.6% vs 32.3% for EF &amp;lt; 30 vs EF &amp;gt;50 at second follow up) (figure). Patients with EF &amp;lt;30% had a lower Eq5D mean at first follow up than patients with normal LVEF (0.77 vs 0.82), but that difference was smaller at second follow-up (0.80 vs 0.83). Subjects with EF &amp;lt;30% did participate in heart rehabilitation to a lesser extent than those with normal EF, both at the first (28.7% vs 37.4%) as well as the second follow up (44.9% vs 55.5%). In multivariate regression analyses (table), a lower EF was associated with shortness of breath (OR = 7.47, 95% CI = 6.24-8.94) and a lower probability of working or studying (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.20 – 0.31) but not with chest pain. A lower EF was also associated with a lower probability of participating in heart school (OR = 0,67, 95% CI = 0.58-0.68) and physical training (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.46-0.63). Conclusion Left ventricular systolic dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction is associated with a high symptom burden and worse secondary prevention. This may indicate heart rehabilitation programs should be better adapted to this large population with great needs.

Effects of traditional Chinese exercises on cardiac rehabilitation in patients with myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Traditional Chinese exercises (TCE) are excellent cardiac rehabilitation (CR) training that can effectively improve cardiorespiratory fitness. However, there is no published meta-analysis of TCE on CR in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Therefore, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive evaluation from multiple perspectives. This meta-analysis is based on the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews. Eight databases were searched from the date of database construction to March 15, 2023. Two investigators independently screened the literature and assessed their quality. The meta-analysis was performed with RevMan5.4 software. A total of 21 articles involving 1,890 patients were included. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in the TCE group were lower than the control group (MD = -96.34, 95%CI: -140.69 ∼-51.98, P < 0.00001, I2 = 96%), the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the TCE group was higher than the control group (MD = 4.58, 95%CI: 3.28-5.88, P < 0.00001, I2 = 79%), the left ventricular end diastolic dimension (LVDD) in TCE group was lower than the control group (MD = -3.83, 95%CI: -5.27 ∼-2.38, P < 0.00001, I2 = 94%), the left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD) in TCE group was lower than the control group (MD = -2.17, 95%CI: -4.10 ∼-0.24, P < 0.00001, I2 = 96%), The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) in the TCE group was higher than the control group (MD = 69.60, 95%CI: 34.59-104.60, P < 0.00001, I2 = 99%), the oxygen uptake (VO2) in the TCE group was higher than the control group (MD = 4.38, 95%CI: 2.25-6.51, P < 0.00001, I2 = 94%), the 36-item short form survey (SF-36) in the TCE group was higher than the control group (MD = 13.34, 95%CI: 9.25-17.42, P = 0.008, I2 = 75%), the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) in the TCE group was lower than the control group (MD = -4.34, 95%CI: -5.18 ∼-3.50, P = 1.00, I2 = 0%), the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) in the TCE group was lower than the control group (MD = -3.48, 95%CI: -5.35 ∼-1.61, P = 0.0002, I2 = 88%), the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in the TCE group was lower than the control group (RR = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.20-0.47, P = 0.52, I2 = 0%). Subgroup analysis revealed differences in TCE types could be a potential source of heterogeneity. MI patients who used TCE have not only notable improvements in cardiopulmonary function, physical function, quality of life, and emotions but also reduced the incidence of MACEs. Tai Chi might be more efficient than Ba Duan Jin. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023408675.

Barriers and enablers to screening, management and referral of sleep disorders in patients attending cardiac rehabilitation: A qualitative descriptive study.

To examine healthcare professional's knowledge about assessment and management of sleep disorders for cardiac patients and to describe the barriers to screening and management in cardiac rehabilitation settings. A qualitative descriptive study. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews. In March 2022, a total of seven focus groups and two interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals who currently work in cardiac rehabilitation settings. Participants included 17 healthcare professionals who had undertaken cardiac rehabilitation training within the past 5 years. The study adheres to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research guidelines. An inductive thematic analysis approach was utilized. Six themes and 20 sub-themes were identified. Non-validated approaches to identify sleep disorders (such as asking questions) were often used in preference to validated instruments. However, participants reported positive attitudes regarding screening tools provided they did not adversely affect the therapeutic relationship with patients and benefit to patients could be demonstrated. Participants indicated minimal training in sleep issues, and limited knowledge of professional guidelines and recommended that more patient educational materials are needed. Introduction of screening for sleep disorders in cardiac rehabilitation settings requires consideration of resources, the therapeutic relationship with patients and the demonstrated clinical benefit of extra screening. Awareness and familiarity of professional guidelines may improve confidence for nurses in the management of sleep disorders for patients with cardiac illness. The findings from this study address healthcare professionals' concerns regarding introduction of screening for sleep disorders for patients with cardiovascular disease. The results indicate concern for therapeutic relationships and patient management and have implications for nursing in settings such as cardiac rehabilitation and post-cardiac event counselling. Adherence to COREQ guidelines was maintained. No Patient or Public Contribution as this study explored health professionals' experiences only.

심장재활에서 고강도 인터벌 훈련의 효과와 실전 적용

심장재활에서 고강도 인터벌 훈련의 효과와 실전 적용

The Effect of Cardio, Aerobic and Concurrent Rehabilitation on Hemodynamic and Biomechanical Indicators in Older Men With Coronary Artery Disease

Background and Aims Nowadays, due to technological advances and sedentary or inactive lifestyle, non-communicable diseases have caused many health problems such as cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to examine the effect of two methods of aerobic training and concurrent training for cardiac rehabilitation on selected hemodynamic and biomechanical factors in older men with coronary artery disease. Methods This is a quasi-experimental causal-comparative study using the pre-test/post-test design. Participants were 24 older men with coronary artery disease, randomly divided into three groups of aerobic training, concurrent training, and control. They first underwent cardiac assessment using the echo Doppler device as well as sports performance test. Then, they were referred to the biomechanics laboratory of the Physical Medicine Center to start cardiac rehabilitation training. After 8 weeks of training, they underwent post-test assessments. The mean and standard deviation were used to describe the data. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check the normality of data distribution and the Levene’s test was used to determine the homogeneity of variances. The paired t-test was used to assess between-group differences and independent t-test was used for assessing differences between pretest and post-test scores of the groups. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results Significant improvement was reported in functional capacity, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and resting heart rate after both aerobic and concurrent training methods (P&lt;0.05), but no significant difference in diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure were observed (P&gt;0.05). The improvements were more in the concurrent training group. Conclusion Both cardiac rehabilitation methods (aerobic and concurrent training) can improve functional capacity, LVEF, and resting heart rate of older mean with coronary artery disease, where concurrent training is more effective.

Educational Intervention Effects on Depression and Anxiety in Patients after Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Depression and anxiety in cardiovascular disease worsen the prognosis of patients. Treatments for these disorders often provide limited improvement. The present study aimed to test, for the first time, the impact of educational technology on anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients participating in a cardiac rehabilitation program. A 12-month randomized controlled trial was conducted, in which 207 patients were randomly assigned to either the experimental (n = 76) or control (n = 69) groups. The intervention involved a structured patient education program provided by medical students who had undergone specially designed training in cardiac rehabilitation. The primary outcomes were death, hospitalization, heart failure, and recurrent myocardial infarction. The study also assessed anxiety and depression. A year later, the experimental group showed a statistically significant decrease in anxiety and depression on the HADS scale, with reductions of 2.0 and 1.9 points, respectively (p < 0.05). The control group showed reductions of 1.5 and 1.2 points (p < 0.05). The difference in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression between the groups at 12 months was -1.29 in favor of the main group (95% CI, -0.7 to -1.88), and the standardized mean difference was 0.36 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.69). No treatment-related adverse events were observed. The results suggest that educational interventions can have a positive impact on mental health. The study's strengths include a structured intervention, randomization, and long-term follow-up. The limitations include the lack of blinding of study participants and a relatively small sample size.

599-P: The Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Training in Hospital among Patients of Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease with Sarcopenic Obesity

Background: The patients of type 2 diabetes have known to have a higher chance of having Sarcopenic obesity, in which the increase of body fat and the decrease of extremity muscles is observed. A high level of lower-limb muscle has been known to associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases. The effects of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on the patients of diabetic cardiovascular disease with sarcopenic obesity has not been well known. The aim of this study was to examined the change of body compositions and of lower-limb muscle strength between diabetic (DM) and nondiabetic (Non-DM) cardiovascular disease patients during CR. Methods: A total of 82 male patients were assigned to the study who discharged from the acute-phase treatments for ischemic heart disease (IHD) or heart failure (HF) (DM group; n=33, Non-DM group; n=49). The body compositions and the lower-limb muscle strength were evaluated before and after CR twice a week for 5 months and analyzed retrospectively. Results and Conclusions: The DM group before performing the CR showed significant increase in body fat and decrease in lower-limb muscle strength, compared with the non-DM group (p&amp;lt;0.05). The effects of increasing lower-limb muscle strength after CR were observed in both DM and non-DM groups (n,c). Moreover, HF patients had weaker lower-limb muscle strength before CR than IHD patients (p&amp;lt;0.05) and it was even weaker among the DM. However, after CR, the increasing effects of lower-limb muscle tended to be stronger in the DM group. These data showed that the patients with diabetic cardiovascular disease with sarcopenic obesity have a chance to have increase of the lower-limb muscle strength after CR as well as that of nondiabetic cardiovascular disease. A lower-limb muscle might be a new scale and a therapeutic target in patients with cardiovascular disease. Disclosure Y. Kayama: None.

The efficacy of high- and low-load resistance training in patients with coronary artery disease: a follow-up of a randomised controlled trial

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Slovenian Research Agency. Background Perseverance of beneficial effects of exercise training in cardiac rehabilitation remains understudied. Maximal aerobic capacity (VO2 max) and quality life were mostly maintained at 1 year follow-up after aerobic training (AT) or after a combination of AT and mostly low-load (LL) resistance training (RT), while the effects of high-load (HL) RT remain unknown in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Purpose This study investigated the effects of combination of AT with HL-RT or LL-RT in comparison to AT alone on maximal aerobic capacity, physical activity, and quality of life in patients with CAD at 1-year follow-up after cardiac rehabilitation. Methods We initially enrolled 79 patients with CAD to combined AT and HL-RT, combined AT and LL-RT or AT alone, and 59 patients completed the study. The assessments at 1-year follow-up were completed by 53 patients, with [mean (SD) or median (interquartile range)] age = 61 (8) years, height = 172.1 (8.4) cm, weight = 83.93 (14.03) kg and left ventricular ejection fraction = 50 (45,60) %. During the study, all patients performed the same interval aerobic cycling (40 min/session, intervals of 3-5 min of work-load cycling separated by 2 min of unloaded cycling, intensity progressed from 50% to 80% of maximal workload achieved at baseline cardiopulmonary exercise test). In HL-RT-group, the training load progressively increased from 70% of 1-RM (6–11 reps/set) to 80% of 1-RM (6–8 reps/set), while in LL-RT group the training load progressively increased from 35% of 1-RM (12–22 reps/set) to 40% of 1-RM (12–16 reps/set) in the first seven weeks of the intervention. Similar progression of RT was used after 1-RM re-evaluation following 7 weeks of training. After cardiac rehabilitation, patients were given written brochure with included advice on home-based physical activity with emphasis on aerobic and resistance exercises. Maximal aerobic performance, objectively measured physical activity and quality of life were measured after 1-year. Results At 1-year follow-up majority of the patients increased VO2max (62%). Patients increased VO2max (+0.08 l/min, p = 0.022) and had higher respiratory exchange ratio (+0.06, p &amp;lt; 0.001), regardless of the randomisation. There was no significant effect of time x group interaction on the outcomes. VO2max was increased in AT (+0.13 l/min, p = 0.026) and LL-RT (+0.12 l/min, p = 0.031) groups, while respiratory exchange ratio was greater in LL-RT (+0.6, p = 0.004) and HL-RT (+0.7, p = 0.003) groups at follow-up. Post-training physical activity and quality of life were high but remained unchanged after 1 year. Conclusions The combination of AT and HL-RT or LL-RT was not superior to AT alone in changes of maximal aerobic performance, physical activity and quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease at 1-year follow-up.

Insulin resistance, lipids and body composition in patients with coronary artery disease after combined aerobic training and resistance training: a randomised, controlled trial

BackgroundThe effect of resistance training (RT) in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on insulin resistance remains elusive. We examined whether the addition of high-load (HL) or low loads (LL) RT has any effect on the levels of insulin resistance and lipids versus aerobic training (AT) alone in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsSeventy-nine CAD patients were randomised to HL-RT [70–80% of one repetition maximum (1-RM)] and AT, LL-RT (35–40% of 1-RM) and AT or AT (50–80% of maximal power output), and 59 patients [75% males, 15% diabetics, age: 61 (8) years, left ventricular ejection fraction: 53 (9) %] completed the study. Plasma levels of glucose, insulin, blood lipids [total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)] cholesterol and body composition were measured at baseline and post-training (36 training sessions).ResultsTraining intervention had only time effect on lean mass (p = 0.002), total and LDL cholesterol levels (both p < 0.001), and no effects on levels of glucose and insulin resistance (homeostatic assessment 2-insulin resistance). Total and LDL cholesterols levels decreased following AT [mean difference (95% confidence interval); total cholesterol: − 0.4 mmol/l (− 0.7 mmol/l, − 0.1 mmol/l), p = 0.013; LDL: − 0.4 mmol/l (− 0.7 mmol/l, − 0.1 mmol/l), p = 0.006] and HL-RT [total cholesterol: − 0.5 mmol/l (− 0.8 mmol/l, − 0.2 mmol/l), p = 0.002; LDL: − 0.5 mol/l (− 0.7 mmol/l, − 0.2 mmol/l), p = 0.002]. No associations were observed between post-training change in body composition and post-training change in blood biomarkers.ConclusionsRT when combined with AT had no additional effect beyond AT alone on fasting glucose metabolism, blood lipids and body composition in patients with CAD.Trial registration number NCT04638764.

Research Progress of High-intensity Interval Training in Cardiac Rehabilitation of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS),with increasing mortality year by year,has become a major public health problem in China.Exercise rehabilitation as an important part of the out-of-hospital rehabilitation for the patients with heart diseases can further reduce the mortality of patients on the basis of drug treatment.The available studies have proved that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is more effective and efficient than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) such as walking and jogging on chronic cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure,stable coronary heart disease,and hypertension and has high security.According to the latest research,HIIT can reduce the platelet response,mitigate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury,and increase the exercise compliance of ACS patients more significantly than MICT.Moreover,it does not increase the risk of thrombotic adverse events or malignant arrhythmia.Therefore,HIIT is expected to become an important part of exercise prescription in out-of-hospital cardiac rehabilitation strategy for the patients with ACS.

The Effect and Possible Mechanism of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Partial Revascularization Performed on Multiple Coronary Artery Lesions.

To observe the effect of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in patients with partial revascularization performed on multiple coronary artery lesions and explore its possible mechanism. A total of 400 patients with multiple coronary artery lesions were enrolled and randomly divided into a complete revascularization group and a CR group, with 200 cases in each group. Target lesion revascularization was performed radically in the complete revascularization group, while it was partially completed in the CR group, and postoperative CR was performed. All the patients were put under conventional treatment. Left ventricular end diastolic dimension (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), 6-minute walking distance (6-MWD), quality-of-life scores, safety and levels of serum nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were evaluated and compared between two groups before and after training. There was no significant difference in LVEDD, LVEF, 6-MWD, quality-of-life scores, levels of serum NO, NOS, SOD, and VEGF between two groups before training (p>0.05). 1 year later, compared with the complete revascularization group, the occurrence of major adverse events in the CR group declined (p>0.05); the measurements of LVEDD decreased and LVEF increased (p>0.05), 6-MWD increased significantly (p<0.05), quality-of-life scores were higher (p<0.05), the levels of serum NO, NOS, and SOD increased noticeably, and the levels of serum VEGF decreased significantly in the CR group (p<0.05). There were significant differences within the same group, before and after training (p<0.05). Cardiac rehabilitation training, not increase in the incidence of adverse events, is effective and safe after partial revascularization in patients with multiple coronary artery lesions, which has notable clinical advantages in promoting patients' exercise endurance and quality-of-life by improving the nitric oxide synthase system and antioxidant system and reducing the level of VEGF.

Approaches to choosing the intensity of aerobic training in cardiac rehabilitation

Approaches to choosing the intensity of aerobic training in cardiac rehabilitation

Application of home-based resistance training in cardiac rehabilitation for patients with coronary heart disease

Application of home-based resistance training in cardiac rehabilitation for patients with coronary heart disease

A Bibliometric Analysis of High-Intensity Interval Training in Cardiac Rehabilitation.

As global quality of life has improved, the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases have gradually increased in prevalence. People have consequently sought to improve their health through physical exercise. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) tool that has been of great interest for several years. However, its feasibility and safety remain controversial. This study aimed to explore hot research topics and new directions regarding the role of HIIT in CR and to describe the dynamic development of the field. We used the Web of Science Core Collection database to develop visualizations using CiteSpace software (v.6.1.R2). The number of articles published, institutional collaboration networks, author partnerships, and keyword co-occurrence and clustering were used to analyze the impact of HIIT on CR. Our results showed that Norway, Canada, and the United States were the most prominent contributors to this field. Articles by Nigam, A and Juneau, M had the highest number of citations. The Norwegian University of Science and Technology had performed the most in-depth research in this area. The European Journal of Preventive Cardiology had published the most articles. The United States had the highest number of publishing journals. Relevant issues focused on coronary artery disease, exercise capacity, heart failure, cardiorespiratory fitness, and physical activity. HIIT in heart transplantation may be at the forefront of research in this field and future studies should focus on this topic. HIIT-based CR can therefore improve the exercise capacity and quality of life of cardiovascular patients and improve patient compliance in a safe manner.