Disciplinary Training Research Articles

Teaching General Physical Training discipline in the format of distance learning

The issues of teaching the General Physical Training discipline in the distance learning format and the development of distance courses of sports disciplines in the period before the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated self-isolation were practically not studied. The contradiction between the active introduction of distance learning in modern universities and insufficient experience and methodological elaboration of this issue in relation to teaching sports disciplines causes the problem of maintaining the quality of teaching the General Physical Training discipline in the distance learning format. The purpose of the study is to develop methodological support, test and evaluate the effectiveness of teaching the General Physical Training discipline in the distance learning format. Students of the Faculty of Physical Training, Sports and Tourism of the Mari State University, 44 young men aged 17 to 19, participated in the study in the form of a pedagogical experiment. The results indicate that, in general, the development of physical qualities of students of the experimental group was no worse than in the control group, and the acquisition of theoretical knowledge of students of the experimental group was better than that of students of the control group. The acquisition of theoretical knowledge, the development of speed and flexibility of students during the transition to distance teaching of the General Physical Training discipline practically do not lose quality compared to full-time education, and solving the problems of developing strength, endurance and coordination abilities of students requires additional methodological work on the part of the teacher.

Why do we argue about risk? The invisibility of worldviews in marine decision-making

The paper asks “why are we always arguing about risk?” It explores what drives risk perception in decision-making processes in Aotearoa New Zealand’s marine environment. The research’s holistic framing shows that the prevailing concern with risk and uncertainty (RU) issues in government and managerial settings deflects attention from and hides the background influences of worldviews. After introducing the invisibilities around RU and outlining worldview-based perceptions of risk, the paper turns to an empirical investigation focusing on deep-seabed mining investment in the context of Aotearoa’s Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf Act (Environmental Effects) 2012. Enacted as part of neoliberal reforms, the Act seeks to reduce environmental degradation in tandem with economic growth. A situated methodology examines a consenting process within this Act as a strategic site to establish expressions of RU and shaping invisibilities. Three key influences are revealed: the positionality of decision-makers, their disciplinary training, and the largely unknown filtering of environmental and economic options that come from 3 worldviews held in Aotearoa (dominant social paradigm, new environmental paradigm, Te Ao Māori). We contend hidden worldviews impact on economy–environment relations and ensuing economic and environmental practices and outcomes. This arises because they underpin and fuel debates around what RU are acceptable and how benefits should be distributed (public vs. private benefits investment decisions, and economy vs. environment). Unless we recognize and understand these hidden influences, we simply cannot work with them. This insight has major implications for how RU ideas might be framed and navigated in emerging policy settings.

Problems of Staff Training to Ensure State Technology Sovereignty

Based on a comparison of the guidelines in the Strategies for Technological Development of the Country from 2016 to 2024, a contradiction has been formed in the basic attitudes towards the personnel training system. The authors aim is to present a sociological analysis of the current situation and the existing opportunities for implementing the task of ensuring the technological sovereignty of the country with qualified personnel. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is built on an appeal to classical works representing society: as a system of T. Parsons, E. Giddens, self-organizing system of N. Luhmann; works covering the issues of the influence of scientific and technological potential on the level of competitiveness; state programs and regulatory documents, as well as statistical and analytical materials. Results. Generalization of data on training programs in secondary vocational education, as well as implemented federal programs for its support allowed us to conclude that at the moment the situation is characterized by a gradual improvement, but the number of graduates is insufficient for the growing needs of production. The reasons are both poor training in natural cycle disciplines in schools and, accordingly, a shortage of teaching staff to solve this problem, and the consequences of the demographic pit of the 90s, which led to a reduction in potential students. The authors believe that the solution to the problem of providing qualified personnel is not so much in the constant increase in the number of graduates, but in the revision of both their training programs and the technologies of the production itself in order to replace the stages of operations that can be performed by unskilled specialists with technological developments based on artificial intelligence. The implementation of an integrated approach should be ensured by revising the training programs in universities and institutes, as well as attracting talented developers to the problem of improving production.

Exploring the influence of disciplinary cultures and self-efficacy on the training needs of scientists in Portugal

Scientists are increasingly asked to publicly engage with wider audiences, but such actions require specific training. However, the perceived training needs of researchers have not been widely studied, and the impact of disciplinary cultures has not been assessed. Enhanced knowledge on how different disciplinary communities view training could assist in better tailoring training programmes. With the purpose of analysing training needs reported by scientists, a survey was administered to researchers from three scientific disciplines in Portugal, and the results confirm an association between scientific disciplines and training needs. Previous science communication practice is also related to perceived needs, and training is associated with enhanced self-efficacy.

Analysis of sports clubs at Vietnam National University, Hanoi

This study aimed to determine the types of sports clubs operating in accordance with the functions and tasks of the Center for Physical Education and Sports at Vietnam National University, Hanoi. Additionally, it proposed solutions to organize sports clubs to enhance the quality of comprehensive physical and mental education and improve sports performance for students. This study employed a mixed-methods design, including document analysis, interviews, social investigations, and pedagogical testing. A total of 70 individuals at Vietnam National University, Hanoi, comprising 40 physical education and sports lecturers and 30 officials and students from the Youth Union and Student Association, were interviewed. Five solutions have been proposed for organizing and operating the university's sports clubs managed by the Center. Additionally, four solutions have been identified to develop sports and entertainment clubs at the member universities of Vietnam National University, Hanoi. These initiatives have led to significant improvements, including enhanced quality of comprehensive physical and mental education, an increase in the number of clubs and members, and notable advancements in sports achievements through training in various disciplines. As a result, the overall sports level at Vietnam National University, Hanoi, has been elevated. The selected solutions have demonstrated effectiveness in promoting sports club activities at the university and advancing physical education as a whole.

Using self-determination theory as a lens to create sustainable futures for teaching and education focused academics in higher education in Australia

ABSTRACT Australian higher education has faced both global economic and environmental challenges, including most recently the COVID-19 pandemic. To deliver in this resource constrained environment, academic workforce and academic roles are being reshaped. Teaching and education focused academic roles are rapidly increasing but come with opportunities and challenges. Opportunities include relief from research to concentrate on teaching which they do well and enjoy. Challenges include the dangers of unrelenting repetitive teaching workloads, lower status, uncertainty about promotion and parity of esteem. This study used Self Determination Theory to analyse the responses of nine teaching focussed academics and found the reality of the role was restricted autonomy, difficulties in evidencing individual competency and confusion about expertise. Teaching focussed academics expressed the importance of building communities distinctive from their disciplinary training. Higher education policy solutions are needed to build cultures where teaching focussed academics can overcome challenges and create sustainable career futures.

Impact of Antecedent and Organizational Differences on Nurse-Social Worker Collaboration in a Retirement and Assisted Living Community with Skilled Nursing Care.

Nurse-social worker collaborative interactions in long-term care settings have received limited attention. This qualitative thematic study of 23 participants (11 social workers and 12 nurses) at an urban retirement and assisted living community explores experiences of collaborative work. Two themes of contrasts in responding to resident complexity and contrasts in peer-to-peer work highlight four subthemes reflecting: (a) social workers' orientation toward resident self-determination, requisite care, and advocacy; (b) nurses' orientation toward resident safety, tasks, and clinical outcomes; (c) social workers' devalued professional identity; and (d) nurses' attribution of collaborative challenges to individuals. Social workers showed greater openness toward working with nurses and viewed nurses as close partners. Nurses showed greater separation from social workers and non-clinical peers and maintained a greater intraprofessional focus. Whereas challenges may stem from antecedent disciplinary training nurses and social workers receive, organizational triggers related to residents' care and associated decision-making exacerbate them. Interprofessional education may strengthen collaboration.

Exploring HTML5 Package Interactive Content in Supporting Learning Through Self-Paced Massive Open Online Courses on Healthy Aging: Mixed Methods Study.

The rapidly aging population and the growth of geriatric medicine in the field of internal medicine are not supported by sufficient gerontological training in many health care disciplines. There is rising awareness about the education and training needed to adequately prepare health care professionals to address the needs of the older adult population. Massive open online courses (MOOCs) might be the best alternative method of learning delivery in this context. However, the diversity of MOOC participants poses a challenge for MOOC providers to innovate in developing learning content that suits the needs and characters of participants. The primary outcome of this study was to explore students' perceptions and acceptance of HTML5 package (H5P) interactive content in self-paced MOOCs and its association with students' characteristics and experience in using MOOCs. This study used a cross-sectional design, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. Participants, predominantly general practitioners from various regions of Indonesia with diverse educational backgrounds and age groups, completed pretests, engaged with H5P interactive content, and participated in forum discussions and posttests. Data were retrieved from the online questionnaire attached to a selected MOOC course. Students' perceptions and acceptance of H5P interactive content were rated on a 6-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 6 (strongly agree). Data were analyzed using SPSS (IBM Corp) to examine demographics, computer literacy, acceptance, and perceptions of H5P interactive content. Quantitative analysis explored correlations, while qualitative analysis identified recurring themes from open-ended survey responses to determine students' perceptions. In total, 184 MOOC participants agreed to participate in the study. Students demonstrated positive perceptions and a high level of acceptance of integrating H5P interactive content within the self-paced MOOC. Analysis of mean (SD) value across all responses consistently revealed favorable scores (greater than 5), ranging from 5.18 (SD 0.861) to 5.45 (SD 0.659) and 5.28 (SD 0.728) to 5.52 (SD 0.627), respectively. This finding underscores widespread satisfaction and robust acceptance of H5P interactive content. Students found the H5P interactive content more satisfying and fun, easier to understand, more effective, and more helpful in improving learning outcomes than material in the form of common documents and learning videos. There is a significant correlation between computer literacy, students' acceptance, and students' perceptions. Students from various backgrounds showed a high level of acceptance and positive perceptions of leveraging H5P interactive content in the self-paced MOOC. The findings suggest potential new uses of H5P interactive content in MOOCs, such as interactive videos with pop-up questions, to substitute for synchronous learning. The study underscores the significance of tailored educational strategies in supporting the professional development of health care professionals.

The Evolution of Skull Base Surgery: A Bibliometric Analysis Spanning Nearly 125 Years

Abstract Introduction Skull base surgery has evolved from fundamental elements into a distinct multidisciplinary specialty. Using bibliometrics, we appraised the literature pertaining to skull base surgery since 1900 and studied the emergence of the specialty as a scholarly field. Methods We queried Web of Science for all content from past presidents of the North American Skull Base Society (N = 31) and their self-identified forebears, influences, contemporaries, and trainees (N = 115). Statistical and bibliometric analyses were performed using various Python packages on article metadata. Results Our query returned 28,167 articles. The most pertinent works (N = 15,529), identified algorithmically through an analysis of terms in titles, were published between 1900 and 2024 by 15,286 authors. The field exploded in the latter half of the 20th century, concurrently with increased interdisciplinary and international collaboration, and contemporaneously with the formation of centers of excellence and influential societies. Since 1950, prolific contributors to the field from neurosurgery, otolaryngology, radiology/radiation oncology, plastic surgery, and ophthalmology have increasingly subspecialized in skull base topics. The proportion of female authors in the corpus has grown from <1% in 1980 to 17% in 2023. We identify the articles that comprise the historical roots of modern skull base surgery, map the emergence of fundamental terminology within the corpus, and identify the authors who stand as key nodes of collaboration and influence. Conclusion The field of skull base surgery was born from pioneering individuals with training in varied disciplines. The coalescence of skull base surgery into a distinct and diversified subspecialty has been powered by dedicated collaborative efforts on a global scale.

USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE TRAINING OF PHYSICAL THERAPISTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF A MIXED FORM OF EDUCATION

Actuality of the research. The authors present their own experience of implementing digital technologies during the teaching of professional training disciplines. The article substantiates the relevance of the implementation of digital technologies during the teaching of professional training disciplines for students of higher education in the specialty "Therapy and rehabilitation", namely: "Ergotherapy in psychiatry", "Massage", "Physical therapy and occupational therapy for injuries and diseases of the nervous system" , "Bioethics and deontology", "Physical therapy in gerontology and geriatrics" in conditions of mixed education. The aim of the study is to demonstrate one's own pedagogical experience regarding the effectiveness of the implementation of digital technologies during the teaching of professional training disciplines in the specialty "Physical therapy, occupational therapy / Therapy and rehabilitation". Research methodology. The educational process in a mixed format included classes in offline and online form using digital technologies of the Blogger educational blog, Mindomo mental maps, interactive exercises of the LearningApps service, and Google Form. 116 higher education graduates and 9 teachers providing teaching of professional training disciplines were involved in the survey process. Results. The obtained results prove the effectiveness of using the developed technology with the use of digital resources in the study of special training disciplines. Conclusions. The introduction of digital technologies is one of the progressive ways of modernizing higher education in modern conditions. A rational combination of classroom and remote classes with the use of digital technologies has a positive effect among students and allows for better learning of the material

МЕТОДИЧНА ПІДГОТОВКА МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ БІОЛОГІЇ ДО ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇДОСЛІДНИЦЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ УЧНІВ

The article analyzes the state of methodical training of future teachers for the organization of research activities during biology education. The article analyzes model programs "Biology. 7-9 grades" for institutions of general secondary education. The current state of methodical training of future teachers for the organization of research activities during biology education has been clarified. It has been found that the research approach in the education of education seekers is implemented through the study of all educational disciplines, the formation of research biological skills, takes place during the training of professional disciplines, and is consolidated during the training of selective disciplines and practical training. Acquiring research skills by students is one of the priority tasks of modern biological education. Because STEM education is based on the practical, interdisciplinary application of knowledge and skills to solve practical tasks that students face, not only during education, but also in everyday life. Accordingly, training should aim to teach students disciplines in a pleasant and, above all, practical way, since it is a project-based form of training. Higher education should be aimed at awakening the scientific interest of students and developing their ability to solve problems. The purpose of such training is to teach students to apply an interdisciplinary approach during training, to adapt knowledge and skills to real-life problems, to give them more tools for future professional activities. Mastering research skills by students is one of the priority tasks of modern biological education. STEM education is based on the practical, interdisciplinary application of knowledge and skills to solve practical problems faced by students, not only during their studies but also in everyday life. Accordingly, education should aim to teach students disciplines in an enjoyable and, above all, practical way, as it is a project-based form of learning. Higher education should be aimed at awakening students' scientific interest and developing their ability to solve problems. Implementation of these changes will require significant efforts from all participants in the educational process. However, if these efforts are successful, they will contribute to improving the quality of higher education in Ukraine and ensure that higher education students are prepared for successful professional activities in modern society.

AI in the development of research skills in postgraduate studies

In the 1970s, technology opened horizons to the educational field, not only to problematize about it and its impact on teaching and learning, but also to expand the resources available to teachers to enhance their pedagogical mediation. However, it would be in the 21st century when the development of digital technology came to enhance the use of ICT for educational purposes, up to Artificial Intelligence, to build bridges that favor its incorporation into teaching at the higher level. Thus, in the field of disciplinary training, the strengthening of knowledge and research skills must include the effective use of technological resources in the training of college students. This article reports some results of a study whose objective was to analyze the attitudes that graduate students have about the use of AI in their education. The study had a quantitative approach with a descriptive transactional non-experimental design, in which 118 subjects participated, distributed in 10 Higher Education Institutions, 5 of them public and 5 of them private. Among its results, the uncertainties that the participants of the study have regarding the use of AI can be appreciated, while recognizing its ease and the attractiveness of a technology that requires specialized skills, responsibility in its use and cognitive processes typical of research.

Assessing REflective simulation-based e-Training on motivational interviewing among multidisciplinary healthcare practitioners [RESeT-MI]: a mixed methods pilot study

BackgroundMany health science curricula have integrated behavioral modification techniques in their plans. Motivational Interviewing is one such technique. Educational interventions to promote Motivational Interviewing have had limited success. Integrating simulation-based learning in health science curricula might offer a platform whereby students can train in well controlled environments with increased authenticity, provision of standardized experiences and the capacity for immediate feedback to participants. Using motivational interviewing as an exemplar, the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a simulation-based reflective e-training program on knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in Motivational Interviewing among healthcare practitioners from diverse healthcare disciplines. A secondary aim was to explore whether self-reflection can promote reflective learning.MethodsThis was a mixed-method study design. Fifteen participants from different health disciplines were included in the quantitative phase of the study, the simulated interview, and the reflective assignments while five participated in the focus group. Pre and post tests were used to examine the effect of training on knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in Motivational Interviewing. Assessment of Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity [MITI] scores in a simulation-based scenario was used. A qualitative content analysis of a focus group provided a more in-depth understanding of the participants experiences. Excerpts from reflective assignments were analyzed using Transformative Learning Theory concepts.ResultsA Wilcoxon test showed that the training elicited a change in confidence in performing Motivational Interviewing [Z= -2.766, p = 0.006], median scores increased from 29 to 34. A quarter of technical scores and half of the relational scores indicated good competence. Participants reflected content transformation through feelings of empowerment and satisfaction when they were successful in engaging and motivating clients. Process transformation was evident in reflections on how to improve core skills specifically reflective listening. Reflections on Motivational Interviewing spirit related values showed premise transformation, which may indicate attitude changes.ConclusionA simulation-based e-training program on Motivational Interviewing represents an important educational modality for training in the health disciplines. Results of this study provide evidence supporting the integration of reflective simulation-based e-training into the education curricula of health disciplines in MI and beyond.

A Roadmap for Sustainable Community-Engaged Partnerships in Athletic Training and Using a Traveling Athletic Training Camp as an Implementation Strategy.

Improving access to athletic trainers and increasing diversity in the profession have been major goals of the Strategic Alliance, with a particular interest in the secondary school setting. Within many marginalized communities, individuals are often faced with a lack of resources, high rates of poverty, and limited access to health care. This social and economic climate often extends to inequitable athletic training services and patterns of disparate health. Widely used and recognized strategies to cultivate diversity and address health inequities include community-engaged partnerships; however, these approaches are not well implemented across the athletic training discipline. Successful community-engaged partnerships link communities and universities, and they are rooted in intentionality to address intermediate and long-term health equity outcomes. Athletic training professionals and scholars frequently encounter gaps in resources and process-oriented methods to participate in community-engaged efforts that could include a roadmap or pathway to follow. To bridge this gap, our aims were 2-fold: (1) to disseminate a roadmap for building sustainable community-engaged partnerships in athletic training with the intent of promoting diversity, equity, inclusion, and social justice across athletic training education, research, and professional service and (2) to demonstrate how the roadmap can be implemented using a community-based athletic training education camp as an example. Implementation of the athletic training camp using the roadmap took place at secondary schools where community-engaged partnerships have been established throughout a geographic region known as the Alabama Black Belt, a region burdened with poor health outcomes, limited athletic trainer presence, and lower quality of life, exacerbated by racial and socioeconomic inequalities. Implementing this roadmap as a strategy to build sustainable community-engaged partnerships offers an innovative, interactive, and effective approach to addressing community needs by exposing secondary school students to the athletic training profession, advancing equitable athletic training research practices, and upholding and promoting the principles of diversity, equity, inclusion, and social justice in athletic training education.

Using practitioners’ voices in developing a business rescue practitioner expert profile

The study explored how business rescue (BR) practices can inform the development of an occupation profile needed to lay a foundation for developing business rescue practitioners’ occupation-specific qualifications. There are 11 professional organisations whose members qualify to serve as business rescue experts. The relevant occupation cannot have more than one occupation expert profile. The study employed qualitative approaches that entailed semi-structured interviews with 20 informants (12 business rescue practitioners, four short skills development programme (SSDP) managers, and 4 SSDP facilitators) and qualitative document content analysis of 30 court cases settled on the BR. The 12 business rescue practitioners (BRP) were randomly selected. However, other informants were accessed through a purposeful sample selection process. The field findings show that the BRP occupation in South Africa is a regulated practice area without an occupation expert profile. The BR practices have not been incorporated in a qualification framework registered on the Qualification Framework (NQF) governed by the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA). Development of pipeline talent is limited, and the monitoring of SSDPs encounters limitations without an occupation expert profile and an occupation-specific qualification. The BR practices can be categorised into 11 tasks linked to practitioner training disciplines. The existing SSDPs provide an important mechanism for continuing professional development. However, the contents should be linked to BR practices and an occupation profile embracing the BRP role as an interim managing director in a business rescue process. The uniqueness of this article resides in its documentation of BR practices generated from multiple data sources that should be used to develop an occupation expert profile that reflects BRP’s capability. The setting of the BR process requires experts to operate in the capability realm. Methods: The study employed qualitative approaches that entailed semi-structured interviews with 20 informants (12 business rescue practitioners, four short skills development programme (SSDP) managers, and 4 SSDP facilitators) and qualitative document content analysis of 30 court cases settled on the BR. The 12 business rescue practitioners (BRP) were randomly selected. However, other informants were accessed through a purposeful sample selection process. Results: The field findings show that the BRP occupation in South Africa is a regulated practice area without an occupation expert profile. The BR practices have not been incorporated in a qualification framework registered on the Qualification Framework (NQF) governed by the South African Qualifications Authority(SAQA). Development of pipeline talent is limited, and the monitoring of SSDPs encounters limitations without an occupation expert profile and an occupation-specific qualification. The BR practices can be categorised into 11 tasks linked to practitioner training disciplines. Practical implications: The existing SSDPs provide an important mechanism for continuing professional development. However, the contents should be linked to BR practices and an occupation profile embracing the BRP role as an interim managing director in a business rescue process. Originality value: The uniqueness of this article resides in its documentation of BR practices generated from multiple data sources that should be used to develop an occupation expert profile that reflects BRP’s capability. The setting of BR process requires experts to operate in the capability realm.Keywords: business, expert, occupation, practitioner, practice, profile, rescue, voices.

Finding fun in the fatigue: Exploring healthism among group fitness instructors

The concept of health is culturally contingent, and fitness practices provide a venue to gain insights into the construction of health. In this case study–based article, I focus on group fitness instructors’ narratives on healthiness and fitness rituals. By combining Foucault’s notion of the ‘microphysics of power’ and the socio-cultural phenomenon healthism, I employ a genealogical approach that reveals how healthism renders a discursive space for group fitness instructors (‘local fitness experts’) to navigate their understanding of health norms. A qualitative method consisting of 22 semi-structured interviews was used. Group fitness instructors teaching in Austria for a global group fitness distributor (Les Mills) were interviewed. The results show that eliminating risks to health is the highest imperative to the instructors, which is traced back to a dichotomy between ‘disciplined training’ and ‘fun training’, where fun training is seen as feminine and risky. Furthermore, instructors underline their health literacy through skeptical consumerism – choosing health for the sacrifice of fun or finding fun in the fatigue.

Optimalisasi Kinerja Karyawan Bagian Produksi PT. XYZ Kabupaten Majalengka Melalui Motivasi Kerja dan Pembinaan Disiplin

From the data obtained there are several employees whose performance is still lacking in the production section of PT. XYZ Kabupaten Majalengka. . The factors that influence whether employee performance is good or bad are work motivation and discipline development. This research aims to determine the relationship between work motivation and discipline development on the performance of employees in the production department of PT. XYZ Kabupaten Majalengka. The method in this research uses a quantitative method, sampling technique namely probability sampling with a simple random sampling type. Data collection techniques include distributing questionnaires and interviews. The data analysis technique uses descriptive methods and associative methods as well as data analysis, namely multiple regression analysis by interpreting the SPSS version 25 program output table. The research results show that work motivation partially influences employee performance, and discipline training not partially influences employee performance. Furthermore, work motivation and discipline development simultaneously influence the performance of production employees. PT. XYZ Kabupaten Majalengka.

Peningkatan Kinerja Karyawan Non-Medis di Rumah Sakit Cimahi Berbasis Motivasi Kerja dan Pembinaan Disiplin

Based on performance assessment data for non-medical personnel at Cimahi Hospital, which is still categorized as unsatisfactory, employee performance has dropped due to low work motivation and inadequate discipline training. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how discipline development and work motivation affect non-medical employees' performance at Cimahi Hospital in a partial and simultaneous manner. 33 non- medical staff made up the population of this quantitative study. The complete population was sampled using a saturation sampling methodology, and data were collected via fieldwork and library research before being analyzed using associative and descriptive methods. Utilizing previously processed data, data analysis was performed by examining the SPSS version 26.0 program's output table. The findings of the study indicate that disciplinary development has a partially favorable impact on employee performance, whereas job motivation has no influence at all. Next, the performance of non-medical staff at Cimahi Hospital is concurrently impacted by job motivation and discipline growth.

Immersive virtual reality in orthopedic surgery as elective subject for medical students : First experiences in curricular teaching.

Virtual reality (VR) simulators have been introduced for skills training in various medical disciplines to create an approximately realistic environment without the risk of patient harm and have improved to more immersive VR (iVR) simulators at affordable costs. There is evidence that training on VR simulators improves technical skills but its use in orthopedic training programs and especially in curricular teaching sessions for medical students are currently not well established. The aim of this study was to describe the implementation of aVR operating theater as an elective course for undergraduate medical students and to evaluate its effect on student learning. An elective course for 12students was implemented during the summer semester of 2023. Using Oculus Quest2 headsets (Reality Labs, Meta Platforms, USA) and controllers and the PrecisionOS platform, they were able to train five different surgical procedures. The courses were accompanied by weekly topic discussions and instructional videos. Students were assigned to two groups: group VR vs. group non-VR. The groups were switched after 5 weeks. User feedback and performance development (theoretical and procedural surgical knowledge) after VR training were assessed using three questionnaires. The students highly appreciated the implementation of VR training into their curriculum and 91% stated that they would opt for further VR training. All students stated that VR training improved their understanding of surgical procedures and that it should be obligatory in surgical training for undergraduate medical students. After 5 weeks of training, students in the VR group achieved significantly better results (100 out of maximum 180 points) than the non-VR group (70points, p = 0.0495) in procedural surgical knowledge. After completion of the VR training the VR group achieved 106 points and the non-VR group 104 points (p = 0.8564). The procedural knowledge for non-VR group after 5 weeks significantly improved after VR training from 70to 106 points (p = 0.0087). The iVR can be easily integrated into the curriculum of medical students and is highly appreciated by the participants. The iVR statistically improves the procedural knowledge of surgical steps compared to conventional teaching methods. Further implementation of iVR training in curricular teaching of medical students should be considered.

In/tension: Striving for balance between agency and discipline in Training

In/tension: Striving for balance between agency and discipline in Training