Trained Human Capital Research Articles

Influential factors shaping the adoption and utilization of audit technology (CAATS) in the audit practices in Saudi Arabia: Human capital expertise as a moderating factor

This study examines the moderating effect of trained human capital on the associations of accounting information systems, generalized auditing software, and technology adoption with the performance of external auditors among Saudi listed companies. This study used a survey-based methodology. The final sample consisted of 136 responses with an 8% response rate. Using Smart-PL4 analysis, the results showed that there is a positive correlation between accounting information systems and external auditors. Conversely, a negative relationship between generalized auditing software and external auditors has been documented. In addition, this study reported a negative association between technology adoption and external auditors. However, the results highlight the positive relationship between trained human capital and external auditors. Overall, this study provides valuable insights for accounting and auditing policymakers on how external auditors’ performance is influenced by several factors in the Saudi audit market.

The attraction of talent through international student mobility patterns and triple helix system: evidence from OECD countries for triple helix system

In the new century of the knowledge economy, highly trained human capital is anticipated to stimulate economic growth, becoming one of the grounds for competition – the “war for talent.” The business sector, higher education and talent are all crucially connected. Integration into international knowledge networks may be enhanced by the country’s domestic triple helix. International knowledge transfer, national innovation systems and national triple helix systems draw international talent flows because of their economic benefits. To examine a nation’s ability to draw talent, we utilise a two-stage error correction (EC2SLS) panel model for OECD countries between the years 2013 and 2017. We assume that it is influenced by several innovative and technological aspects, including the triple helix, international student mobility and other factors. Results indicate that when we compare low-middle-income nations with high-income countries, the attraction of talent may alter when taking into account university–industry relationships. It has been observed that low-middle-income countries need to exert more effort in university–industry collaborations than high-income ones to recruit more talent. Evidence suggests that nations seeking to recruit talent should target international students. In addition, nations may focus on public institutions, the labour market and innovation. Governments and companies should be proactive in the competition for international talent, the results show. These results add clarity to the debate over how international student mobility affects knowledge creation and emphasise the significance of university–industry collaboration in luring talent to nations with disparate income levels.

Connection in Youth Development Key to the Mental Health Continuum in Ghana: A Structural Equation Model of Thriving and Flourishing Indicators.

Practitioners from sub-Saharan Africa are working to provide evidence-based intervention programs to address the mental health of established adults in poor rural communities in Ghana. However, institutions in Ghana also pursue youth policy for training human capital that can contribute to national development as a strategy to leverage its heavy demographic makeup of adolescents and emerging adults. Positive Youth Development (PYD) is a framework for measuring indicators of thriving for such youthful populations. Studies have recently examined PYD in terms of developmental assets with mental illness, but less is known about their interaction with the continuum of mental health, which poses strength-based theoretical distinctions about the conditions of human flourishing. Investigating positive mental health in terms of well-being, along with developmental indicators from another conception of PYD with strong theoretical grounding known as the 5Cs, represents a salient cross-section of Ghana’s current trajectory along these policies and evaluations of culturally attuned well-being toward youth-focused efforts. Thus, the aim of this study was to clarify whether developmental constructs could predict positive mental health outcomes for indications of adaptive regulation processes and cultural concepts of well-being. We used structural equation modeling of the PYD domains (i.e., the 5Cs) to provide novel insights into individual differences in factors of thriving with flourishing-languishing indicators from the mental health continuum (MHC; i.e., factors of Emotional, Social, and Psychological Well-being) for 710 youth and emerging adults (M age=19.97, SD=1.93) attending a university in Ghana. The results showed supported paths for Connection, which was associated with all three MHC well-being domains (βs=0.34–0.41), and Caring, which was associated with Psychological Well-being (β=0.27), as factors to consider for youth who are expected to underwrite Ghana’s development under economically challenged conditions. These findings support evidence-based program outcomes and prior work that situates social relations as a key route to maintaining well-being, advancing research on the specificity of predictors for positive mental health factors among young people in an enterprising Ghana.

An Empowerment Scale Analysis of Mexican MSMEs: Modeling with Covariance Structures

Trained human capital is a source of incalculable resources, with an impact on the results of companies. For this reason, companies must carefully consider three aspects: empowerment with the consideration of the cognitive state of their collaborators; training and compensation; and fluidity in information sharing. Although granting empowerment to collaborators has been shown to be beneficial for organizations, its adoption has not been popularized. Therefore, it remains a construct that needs to be studied and understood, considering that it is influenced by the organizational culture of companies. In this research, the main objective was to examine the factor structure of the empowerment scale from the perspective of the owner or manager of the micro, small and medium-sized companies of Guanajuato, Mexico; using the dimensions of psychological empowerment; fluidity in information sharing; as well as training and compensation. The methodology is based on the Mathematical Economy; application of mathematical methods to represent theories and analyze problems in economics. This investigation used an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the proposed measurement scale. The sample is made up of 222 valid questionnaires. The CFA provided evidence that the model that best fits the data is a second-order model made up of two dimensions: self-efficacy and influence on the company’s results, which carry the psychological empowerment construct. These results make clear that although information is necessary to train human capital, cognitive variables are more important in the empowerment of human capital.

Pruebas internacionales y la búsqueda de la escolarización de «clase mundial»: un análisis crítico de narrativas políticas

En las últimas tres décadas, ha surgido una red influyente de proveedores contemporáneos de educación comparada, compuesta por organismos globales, consultores, empresas multinacionales y «think tanks». Su objetivo es detectar las mejores prácticas en los sistemas con un alto rendimiento para, posteriormente, recomendar su adopción en otros con uno menor. Para ello, realizan y/o analizan las pruebas cros-nacionales de rendimiento académico del alumnado y proporcionan la evidencia utilizada por los tomadores de decisiones para construir sus discursos y justificar sus decisiones. Esta red construye y promueve una narrativa política, una nueva forma de ortodoxia, mediante la que determina la necesidad de realizar reformas educativas, sus fines, e incluso cómo desarrollarlas. En el presente artículo, analizamos las lógicas que sostienen la actividad de esta red, las premisas sobre las que construye su narrativa política, que gira en torno a la «carrera global» entre las naciones/sistemas educativos y, por último, las estrategias y tácticas que emplean para realizar sus recomendaciones y disimular los problemas que encuentran para establecer causalidad. Para concluir, advertimos del riesgo de reducir los objetivos de la educación a preparar al alumnado para rendir en estas pruebas internacionales, lo que podría derivar en una especie de sistema cerrado y auto-realizado, preocupado únicamente por formar capital humano.

La industria aeroespacial en México: características y retos en Sonora

<p>El objetivo del presente texto es el aportar conocimientos sobre la situación y los retos de la industria aeroespacial en el estado de Sonora, México. Para ello se realizaron diversas entrevistas a funcionarios de empresas que arrojaron resultados como los siguientes: la industria se ha desplazado hacia localidades que ofrecen mejores condiciones para operar; el avance en los procesos de flexibilidad tecnológica reclama de una revisión en la capacitación de capital humano que se forma en las instituciones de educación superior de la entidad. No obstante, de ser uno de los cinco estados líderes a nivel nacional en la producción aeroespacial, la integración de cadenas productivas de valor aún es muy limitado y se concentran en el Nivel 2 de las cadenas de suministro.</p>

Bridging the Gap for Clinical Pharmacist in Developing Countries like Pakistan.

Clinical pharmacists should be increasingly important members of the healthcare team in developing countries such as Pakistan. Survey of literature was conducted to identify the determinants of clinical pharmacy in Pakistan. Lack of trained human capital, shortage of resources, patient overburden, inefficient pharmacy education curriculum, and limited job opportunities are some of the determinants of clinical pharmacy profession in developing countries. The underutilization of clinical pharmacists paves the way for an increased incidence of medication errors, adverse drug events, irrational prescribing, and suboptimal therapeutic outcomes. Integration mapping is an important framework for providing guidelines in protocol planning for improvement in a profession. A step by step change is required to promote the growth of clinical pharmacy profession in Pakistan.

EL TECHO DE CRISTAL EN LA INTERMEDIACIÓN TURÍSTICA: EL CASO DE GALICIA

The Galician tourist industry has a predominantly female staff, however, the glass roof is present in some companies of the intermediation sector which are quite hierarchical. Thereby, this study concentrates on analyzing the discourses of female workers from the Galician intermediation companies with the aim of interpreting the values, meanings, stereotypes and sanctions existing in the relationship between work versus gender in the sector. With this study we hope to provide visibility to the barriers that cause waste of trained human capital.

When is human capital a valuable resource? The performance effects of Ivy league selection among celebrated CEOs

We investigate whether and when highly trained human capital constitutes a rent‐sustaining resource. Our study of 444 CEOs celebrated on the covers of major U.S. business magazines found an advantage accruing to graduates of selective universities. Such CEOs led firms with higher and more sustained market valuations. The advantage was strongest for undergraduate programs as these related to the kinds of talent demanded of a CEO. The advantage also was greatest in smaller firms where CEO discretion might be highest and for younger CEOs who may benefit most from college and are less able to appropriate rents. Finally, the advantage accrued to graduates of more recent years, when selective schools had become less socially elitist and increasingly meritocratic, thus favoring human versus social capital. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A Collaborative Framework for Web based Vocational Education and Training (VET); Findings from a Case Study

The growing need of trained human capital for economic empowerment and growth has increased the trend of vocational training through e- learning, worldwide. It serves as a major source of training professionals, technicians, skilled workers and students who are unable to carryout formal college education due to time, cost and distance. In this paper we have discussed several cases from literature that made use of e-learning based vocational education and training. Later we have proposed a collaborative framework for vocational education and training using e-learning on the basis of findings from the literature. The framework has been practically implemented in a real world case study and findings revealed that factors like student-student and student-teacher collaboration, individual assessment of students, availability of adequate support material aid in enhancing students' performance and learning outcomes.

The effects of technological change on schooling and training human capital

This study investigates the differential effects of technological change on general human capital acquired through schooling and technology-specific human capital acquired through training based on a life-cycle human capital investment model. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79 (1987–2003), I find that for both high-ability and low-ability individuals, the net effect of technological change on training human capital is obsolescence, whereas that on schooling human capital is an increase in productivity in spite of the obsolescence. This finding is consistent with the view that individuals with more schooling may enjoy an advantage under rapid technological change over those with less schooling. I also find that technological change exerts differential impacts on individuals with different ability levels, which provides support for the skill-biased technical change theory.

Distance Education in the Form of E-Learning in Chile: Training Human Capital for the 21st Century

The requirements imposed in terms of professional competences, training and employability go beyond traditional education. The introduction of technology helps the process of knowledge and information acquisition, giving access to resources available in the system and developing the skills for research and learning by means of critical thinking. This does not only have an impact on students graduated from secondary school, but also people who live in isolated places because of geography, people who work and are heads of families, handicapped people, among others, giving evidence of a more inclusive and democratic form of education. Therefore, although e-learning is new in our country, it needs to be exploited in relation to its characteristics in order to progress according to the local and global context. Because of what was said above, this essay studies in depth the need for access, coverage and flexibility of the system, and the way in which education at a distance in the form of e-learning can be a contribution for the training of the professionals needed in the country.

What role for education and training in technology adoption under an advanced socio-economic perspective?

Investment in education and training is an essential support for socio-economic development, especially in countries where the level of human capital contributes to the strengthening of the virtuous process of economic growth. In this context, the complex multi-faceted ICT refers to an important productivity tool as well as to a source of new knowledge. However, it is important to underline, on one hand, the close relationship between the average level of education and the training of the population, and, on the other hand, the dissemination of new technologies. Indeed, it is necessary to highlight, as we propose in our study, the relationship between the variables relating to education and investments, and those referring to ICT field. In fact, the link connecting technology and education is currently supported not only by the dynamics of learning by doing, which enhance the same processes of learning, but also by the empirical evidence that an inadequately educated work force could not effectively take advantage of high technologies at all. By analyzing European cross-country differences we study the influence of education level with regard to some selected variables, using a multivariate investigation approach. Moreover, given the particular articulation of the research field observed, we have made use of factor analysis in order to compress the redundancy of information and prevent the occurrence of multicollinearity. Once we have extracted enough information from our datasets we carry out a regression analysis and tests of randomness on the residual component of the phenomenon. We group the countries having uniformity in education, and then we focus attention on the realities which have a low education level, and which gather critical elements of policy. Finally, we can prove the usefulness of the dissemination and application of modern technology to education and training processes thanks to the relationship between the process of education and the adoption of ICT which are essential for the competitiveness and the long run development of the European countries analyzed whose economy is based on advanced knowledge and highly trained human capital. © 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Development in the learning factory: training human capital

Examines innovation, labour and human resource management in contemporary manufacturing. Case study data are presented from automotive plants in the USA and the UK. Reports on the human resource practices in use and considers the relationship with the plants’ manufacturing and innovation activities. In particular, focuses on current developments in the roles of employees and their training and development implications.