Tragic Experience Research Articles

Loss of a Parent in Disney and Pixar Films: What We Can Learn?

Early parental loss is a tragic experience for children causing complex reactions to the loss. Providing a supportive environment where they can express their feelings is crucial to help them cope with this challenging experience. This study analyses the depiction of parental death in animated films by Disney and Pixar using a multimethod design and including the QUAGOL approach. We identified 13 films showing the death of one or both parents. The qualitative analysis of the films, published from 1937 until 2022, revealed seven concepts that potentially affect the way children see their grieving process reflected in the films: The representational techniques, finding protection and relationships, searching for identity, being different and having alternative skills, talking about death, dealing with emotions and coping with the loss. The identified films can be used to open a conversation with children who have lost one or both parents to discuss their situation.

Trauma and the Museum Exhibition: How to Create an Exhibition on Traumatic Experiences?

In the article, the author presents the solutions used during the arrangement of the first temporary exhibition of the Sybir Memorial Museum [Memorial Museum Siberia], entitled ‘Only Pain is Mine’, which presents various aspects of the reality of women and girls - their tragic experiences of deportation, exile, imprisonment in the Soviet Union or during the Soviet occupation, mainly in the context of broadly understood femininity, women's bodies and their roles. The article discusses the issue of working with the themes of trauma, traumatization and violence against women addressed in activities carried out during exhibition and education projects.

Poverty constructions and discursive strategies employed by participants in the Finnish Basic Income Experiment

In this article, we examine how eighty-one participants in the Finnish Basic Income Experiment discursively construct and make sense of their own and others’ poverty in face-to-face interviews. Using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), we identified three discursive strategies the interviewees use to engage with and challenge culturally dominant poverty discourses. First, poverty was constructed as a tragic experience attributed to external causes beyond individual control, such as precarious labour markets and governmental policies. Second, poverty was managed discursively through explicit and implicit moral judgements about other welfare recipients, which also highlighted the speakers’ own moral values regarding responsibility and self-sufficiency. Third, some interviewees discursively constructed their low-income status as a personal and deliberate choice to live an intentionally modest, sustainable or ‘deviant’ lifestyle. Overall, our results reveal how ideologically controversial sociopolitical experiments create a particular argumentative context in which poverty talk is constructed.

Dampak Perang terhadap Kemanusiaan dan Ketahanan Pangan dalam Film Grave of the Fireflies (1988)

This study uses the Japanese animated film "Grave of the Fireflies" (1988) as a case study to analyze the impact of war on humanity and food security. The film "Grave of the Fireflies" is important to observe from a humanitarian and food security perspective because it depicts in depth the tragic experiences of civil society during the war period, as well as highlighting the challenges faced by civil society in meeting basic needs such as the food crisis during the war. This article aims to conduct a descriptive analysis of the impact of war on humanity and food security in the film "Grave of the Fireflies". In this research, data was collected through two main sources. First, analyze the film by watching and observing the film and taking dialogue excerpts that are relevant to the research. Second, the analysis uses research data based on the Scopus database with the keywords "World War II", "Humanity", and "Food Security". Data collected from 446 journals from the Scopus database was analyzed using the Nvivo 14 plus application. The research results show that in the film "Grave of the Fireflies" there is a humanitarian impact of war, namely, the misery of civilians, loss of homes, and jobs, and deep fear. Meanwhile, the impact on food security is that countries tend to experience food crises during war. The impact of the war on food supplies was minimal and food became scarce due to limited access during the war. This causes malnutrition and even death.

Implications of tragic experiences on symbolic power: The case of displaced persons in Kenya

Displacement of human populations is a common phenomenon from natural and human causes. Conflict and natural disasters such as floods, volcanic eruptions, landslides, out-breaks of diseases are among the regular culprits. Victims of displacement experience dramatic changes in their life situations a common denominator being temporary and at times permanent deprivation of crucial resources for their daily lives. This affects their place in the social hierarchy among members of their host community. The displaced persons in Kenya following the 2007-2008 post-election violence were uprooted from their homes and deprived of their property. They lived in camps and with well-wishers depending on assistance from others. How does this affect their social station in life and how do they manifest? This paper examines the effect of displacement on the perception and treatment of the affected persons by their host communities. The paper utilizes qualitative methods to analyze the discourse of the displaced persons, providing a deeper understanding of their experiences upon displacement. The paper was guided by insights from Critical Discourse Analysis and Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical concepts of capital, symbolic power and symbolic violence the paper. It brings to light the sudden changes in the perceptions and social evaluations of the victims and their response to the undesired changes. The paper comes to the conclusion that the new life status leads to new self-evaluations as well as the evaluations by those around them and the displaced persons lose symbolic capital and symbolic power and come to the receiving end of symbolic violence. In so doing, the paper illuminates the plight of the displaced persons beyond the evident material loses and recommends interventions to address these effects.

EP41 - A Terrorist drone attack: A tragic experience with learning potential

Abstract Introduction A drone strike struck at the Homs Military Academy on October 2023. The strike injured over 277 persons and killed at least 89. One nearby public hospital was the first to receive the first wave of casualties. With a very limited staff and resources, huge efforts were employed to save as many lives as possible even if this meant breaking common protocols. Purpose to remind doctors, especially surgeons that desperate times call for desperate measures and wise judgment is critical in the darkest times. Overview Right after receiving the tragic news of the incident, the hospital declared to give up paperwork, discharge observational admissions, stop non-life-threatening admissions, assign non-clinical staff to assist clinical staff, and call for off-duty workers. As injuries started to present, the hospital prioritized head, thorax, and abdominal injuries. The nurse workforce was assigned to manage the minor injuries while doctors focused on the major ones. While treating and operating on patients, the healthcare providers overlooked sterilization protocols. Due to a shortage of operation rooms, surgical teams have performed operations on some patients in non-operative rooms without monitors, relying solely on IV anaesthesia and portable oxygen cylinders. Some have died, some have suffered from a lifetime disability, yet the prioritizing mentality has saved a lot of lives that day. Conclusion Adhering to protocols is essential. However, many experienced surgeons have come across numerous puzzling situations for which there are no clear standards. We stress the need for a surgeon to take action during these challenging periods and act with their wise judgment.

Український інтермедіальний резистанс у мілітарному світі

This article explores the historical persistence and motivation behind the intermedial practice of transforming verbal texts into musical ones, particularly focusing on Ukrainian embaterias and songs inspired by the russia-ukraine war, rich in motives from the heroics of the rank to the lyrical and tragic experiences of the resistance personality. It examines the dynamic synthesis of poetic and musical texts, tracing back to the practices of poets, composers, and singers from the Legion of the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen (Ukrainski Sichovi striltsi, USS). Drawing on the experience of Cossack and Opryshky songs, folklore, and early modernism, these artists created a unique repertoire that documents the artistic and freedom-loving nature of Ukrainians, tested by the harsh realities of war. Their works, reflecting the soul of the people, have become an integral part of Ukrainian folk songs. Similarly, poets’ works of Ukrainian Insurgent Army (Ukrainska Povstanska Armiia, UPA) during and after World War II, set to music, provided an adequate response to the brutal realities of their time. This tradition has been preserved and gained new significance during the Russia-Ukraine war, declared by the Moscow State Duma of Ukraine on March 1, 2014, full-scale after February 24, 2022. Among the poets whose words have been set to music are graduates of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, participants in military operations within the Ukrainian Armed Forces (such as Dmytro Luniaka) and the territorial defense (Ihor Astapenko). Academician Rostyslav Radyshevskyi has also actively contributed to these embaterias. Many songs are performed by serviceman Taras Kompanichenko. These texts, resembling pieces of a puzzle, will eventually form a coherent picture of intermedial creativity during the war, viewed through the historical dynamics of the genre.

Spirituality, football and Olivia: how connectedness inspires hope through difficult situations

ABSTRACT On 22 August 2022, Olivia Pratt-Korbel, a nine-year-old English girl, was mistakenly shot by a masked gunman in Liverpool, U.K. Less than a week later at a football match played at the home ground of Liverpool Football Club, the whole crowd stood to its feet to applaud the life and memory of this local youngster. This was an incredibly moving and spiritual experience of connectedness and solidarity. This article, underpinned philosophically by both Buber’s ‘I-Thou’ and Heidegger’s Being-in-the-world considers how such a tragic experience might allow individuals to express unity through adversity, and how those invested in children’s spirituality might draw on the tools of identity, remembering and meaning-making in promoting inclusion and belonging. It is also suggested how educators might draw on difficult situations to inspire a pedagogy of hope, which allows for creativity and criticality, and ultimately, transformation.

Moderating Role of Sense of Coherence on the Relationship between Grief and Embitterment among Women's Experiences Fetal Demise/Spontaneous Abortion

A time of anticipation and support, bearing a child is an emotional journey defined by the promise and certainty of new life. However, some individuals and couples have a deep and often tragic experience in the middle of this joy and expectation: fetal demise/ spontaneous abortion. The intention of the current study is to examine the association between grief and embitterment for females who have undergone fetal demise/ spontaneous abortion. The study also aims to explore the buffering impact of a sense of coherence on the association between grief and embitterment. Data from 200 married women who experienced fetal demise/ spontaneous abortion was collected in person and online by using a purposive sampling technique. For data collection, three reliable scales were used, namely the Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS) for grief, the Traumatic Embitterment Disorder Self-Rating Scale (PTED) for embitterment, and the Sense of Coherence (SOC) scale for measuring sense of coherence. Results of the study suggest a positive relationship between grief and embitterment. As grief increases, embitterment also increases. Sense of Coherence helps to decrease the impact of embitterment. Sense of Coherence significantly moderates the association between grief and embitterment. The study implications were examined.

Tragic Causes of the Heroine in Wide Sargasso Sea

As a descendant of a former slave owner, the female protagonist of Wide Sargasso Sea, Public Security Towanet, lives between white and black people, but suffers from the dual exclusion of black and white society. She has been unable to integrate with either party and deeply troubled by her racial orientation. As a woman, she lives in a patriarchal society and is deeply oppressed by racism and patriarchy. It can be said that Antoinette s life was lonely and tragic. This article interprets Antoinette s tragic experience and analyzes how colonial women are marginalized under the dual oppression of patriarchy and colonialism, losing their voice but unwilling to resist fate and pursue the power of happiness and freedom. At the same time, reveal the true cause of his tragic life: the dual oppression under colonial hegemony and patriarchal society.

How SoTL can Inform Teaching Traumatic Histories

Educators charged with teaching histories marked by oppression and violence navigate a challenging duality: they must foster critical engagement and deep analysis of traumatic events without causing secondary trauma to their students, all within the context of growing political pressures on history curriculum in K-12 and higher education. This article, based on the results of a Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) study in a college-level war and society course, explores student-identified challenges to learning about the Holocaust as well as their strategies for navigating emotional distress associated with that learning process. The article also considers SoTL-informed pedagogical interventions for teaching hard histories with a trauma-informed approach sharing student reactions to an oral history podcast assignment for supporting thoughtful and effective communication about sensitive topics. Among other results, this study found that students approached learning about the Holocaust with varied and self-aware strategies for emotional regulation, despite the common expectation that it would be difficult to hear about the tragic experiences of others. Students also expressed both general and specific benefits to learning this content, despite the significant challenge of navigating sensitive topics with careful language.

샤오훙 단편소설에 나타난 비극성 연구

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the tragic elements in the short stories “Wangasujeoksa,” “Gyo,” and “Soseongsamwol” by Xiao Hong. All three works connect their characters to the tragedy of death. This reflects how, despite China's attempts at new progress and innovation through the Xinhai Revolution and the May Fourth Movement in the early 20th century, lower-class women remained in poverty and became victims of an irrational social structure. This study aims to examine the tragedy in Xiao Hong's short stories within the unique historical context of China's modern and contemporary era. In particular, her short stories such as “Wangasujeoksa,” “Gyo,” and “Soseongsamwol” depict characters who, amidst the backdrop of China's transition during the modern and contemporary era, all meet tragic ends, succumbing to poverty, despair, misfortune, and suffering. Therefore, it seeks to explore the tragedy in the context of Chinese modern history by examining Xiao Hong's tragic worldview, her consciousness of tragedy, and the tragic experiences of her characters. If the previous research analyzed the tragedy in Xiao Hong's mid-length novels, this study focuses on the tragedy depicted in Xiao Hong's short stories within the context of modern and contemporary China. This research aims to find ways to study Xiao Hong's short stories from various perspectives.

Maladaptive fantasy predicts negatively distorted self and other mental representation: A consideration of child abuse from psycho/neuro/biological perspectives

Child abuse is a prevalent public health issue with one half of children worldwide experiencing some form of violence. Child abuse is associated with a myriad of impacts across the lifespan such as mental and physical illness, academic performance, and employment. For this reason, individual’s psychological functions such as emotional regulation, autobiographical memory and self, and psychological connection with others are changed by child abuse. However, to best of our knowledge, there is still much unknowns about the mechanism underlying these changes. In this article, we focusing on the relationships between fantasy and metacognition and its biological and neurological bases, and functional change of them caused by child abuse. Then, we also explain the effects of them for other psychological function in abused individual. In case of child abuse, there is suggests that children immerse themselves fantastic world in order to escape from the tragic experiences that are repeated on a daily living by the caregiver. In this process, functions that recognize the real world, such as metacognition, not functioning. Rather, there is consider that children refuse to develop metacognition in order to avoid realizing the truth of the real world. As results, it does not seem to develop child’s emotional regulative function such as metacognition. The experience of being continuously hurt by a caregiver and the image of being hurt are thought to change to maladaptive fantasy or autobiographical shame memory. Then, both maladaptive fantasy and autobiographical shame memory are lead to formed negatively distorted and unstable mental images of self and other. Finally, we discuss two potential new interventions such as picture book and breathing technique for abused children.

Model of a pastoral sermon for handling the problem of sexual violence against women in Maluku

Sexual violence against women is an issue of urgency that arises in all cultures locally, nationally, globally and transnationally. This problem has broad dimensions in both the public and private domains, both cases that are reported or not reported to law enforcement. Factually, the trend of this problem has been identified as increasing every year in Maluku, Indonesia. Therefore, the church requires serious attention to prevention and systematic treatment to overcome it. This sensitivity and awareness are a manifestation of the church’s sense of calling and responsibility for the restoration of human dignity. The pastoral sermon service model is the church’s strategic approach to handling this problem. This research aimed to develop a model of pastoral sermons for victims of sexual violence against women in Maluku. This research focused on identifying and exploring the tragic experiences and impacts of sexual violence against women. Furthermore, a cross-cultural pastoral model was created for victims of violence.Contribution: This article provided a new perspective from the post-modern homiletics to approach social issues. This new homiletical approach to dealing with the problem of women’s sexual violence is one of the main focuses of ‘Women’s Theological Studies’ in HTS.

현대 비극의 ‘사라지는 하마르티아’와 ‘투쟁의 운명’

This paper analyzes the specific characteristics of classical tragedies and the essence of tragedy in modern drama, mainly focusing on John Millington Synge’s Riders to the Sea. Arthur Miller defined the possibility of modern tragedy as the tragic experience of the common man in relationship to the environment. However, in the modern era, the environment is often represented or segmented by capitalism, leading to the misconception that modern tragedy may be succinctly defined by the struggles of ordinary people facing continuous situational hardships in pursuit of their dreams. In contrast, Synge’s tragic drama Riders to the Sea (first performed in 1904), which this paper observes, is grounded in an isolated natural setting while still remaining connected with the realm of the divine or the universe. Focusing on the phase of vanishing hamartia, the escape from guilt of the subjects, and the expansion of the concept of necessity from outer to their inner sphere, this paper argues how classic tragic essence is also manifested in modern plays, provoking profound thoughts among the audience and elevating their souls through elegant suffering and intellectual clarification in its own way. In its characteristic of stillness, where the conclusion is drawn out over an entire lifetime of struggle and disguised to obscure emotional suffering beneath a veneer of pessimism or idealism, the modern tragic drama establishes its own tragic genre with catharsis and magnitude. This contributes to a deeper level of meaningful understanding in the lives of all ordinary people in the contemporary world.

The Rumble of a Locomotive, Traumatizing Screams, and Mortal Dance: Firsthand Poetic Testimonies Haunted by the Sounds of the Holocaust

Abstract This article analyzes the relationship between Holocaust trauma and firsthand poetic testimonies through the lens of literary acoustics. Specifically, it explores the work of three Jewish poets, Stanisław Wygodzki, Ilona Karmel, and Stanisław Jerzy Lec, who wrote in Polish of their tragic experiences in the Nazi camps. The article compares these poetical works to involuntary flashbacks composed of haunting sounds that recall trauma and violence and applies the concept of thantosonics to these auditory memories. In particular, the author notes the importance of trains as not only an auditory motif, but also as the metrical underpinning of the verses, and as a point of juxtaposition against sounds of innocence in the Holocaust soundscape. Furthermore, the article also explores the imagery of folk dance as a kind of danse macabre, as well as instances of involuntary sonic identification with the perpetrators.

RECORDING AND REPRESENTATION OF WAR CRIMES OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY ON THE TERRITORY OF UKRAINE: EXPERIENCE OF UKRAINIAN JOURNALISTS

The article emphasizes that journalists play an important role in the process of recording war crimes and in the further processing of the collected material for representation in specific genre formats available for perception by the audience. The coverage of war crimes by the Russian military, on the one hand, problematizes the bloody Russian-Ukrainian war, reflecting the tragic experience that Ukrainian society is currently living, and at the same time – it records the evidence base regarding Russia’s disregard of international conventions, in particular the general rules and customs of warfare, as well as in the context protection of the civilian population during the war, treatment of prisoners of war, etc. This problem needs to be fixed, understood, evaluated, updated and explained both for the Ukrainian audience and the world community, which explains the professional interest of Ukrainian and foreign journalists, the rapid increase in the number of publications on this topic. It is emphasized that journalists must have special training, that is, a basic understanding of International Humanitarian Law, international conventions, as well as be able to navigate freely in the recommendations for covering the stories of victims and victims of war crimes.

Forensic Hypoglycaemia & Neuroglycopenia — A Clinical Legal Social Endocrinology Challenge for 2024, Forensic Law in Hypoglycaemia 4

Forensic Hypoglycaemia & Neuroglycopenia — A Clinical Legal Social Endocrinology Challenge for 2024, Forensic Law in Hypoglycaemia 4

The Organic Crisis of a Colonised State: Bulgaria in the Eye of the Pandemic, 2020–2022

Abstract Bulgaria’s particularly tragic experience with covid-19, with one of the largest death tolls per 100,000 in Europe, can be analysed in terms of purely natural factors (more lethal variants), the foibles and missteps of leaders, and unpredictable vaccine supplies. From a Gramscian critical materialist perspective, the pattern is better understood in terms of four interlocking structures: Bulgaria’s subaltern status as a downtrodden colony of Europe, its mode of insertion into globalised capitalism, the Orthodox Church’s strenuous effort to maintain its hegemonic position within Bulgarian nationalism, and the crisis of hegemony that engulfed a government already reliant on corruption more than persuasion, with an inchoate and ideologically variegated ‘Great National Revolt’ against it coinciding with the pandemic. The upshot of these structures was a rate of vaccination that was unusually low by European standards, leaving many Bulgarians, especially the elderly, lethally exposed to the disease and harmed by a widely distrusted corrupt neoliberal state.

Ukrainian Theater After the Full-Scale Russian Invasion: A New Reading of Canonical Plays

The article analyzes the new senses that appeared in the 2021–2022 Ukrainian theater performances of canonical works. Two of the productions in question are based on Ukrainian classical texts, namely Taras Shevchenko’s “mystery poem” “Velykyi Lyokh” (The Great Dungeon) and Lesya Ukrainka’s dramatic poem Cassandra. The other two productions, based on Sophocles’ tragedy Oedipus Rex and Albert Camus’ play Caligula, consciously seek answers to the challenges of the new Ukrainian reality in the canon of world drama. The full-scale Russian invasion has made the well-known meanings in these works more clearly visible and added new ones. Against the backdrop of media discussions about the mental health of the Russian president, Caligula by the Ivan Franko Theater (Kyiv) reflects on the psychology of an authoritarian ruler. Oedipus Rex by the Theater on Podil (Kyiv) shows why the demand for justice is growing in wartime society and the moral side of actions is becoming increasingly important. The Great Dungeon by the Poltava Puppet Theater tells the dramatic story of the Russo-Ukrainian War through the prism of Shevchenko’s historical analogies. Cassandra by the Ivan Franko Theater creates the atmosphere of an vulnerable, open-air space where every inhabitant, except for the protagonist, prefers to protect themselves with fanciful constructions of ephemeral illusions. While the tragic reality of the Russо-Ukrainian War has led to the emergence of a large body of contemporary drama that interprets the new experience of Ukrainian society, the war reality has become a prerequisite for a significant rethinking of theatrical texts from the Ukrainian and Western European canon. Thus, Ukrainian theater is actively engaging with the new reality, intervening in various ways in current public discussions that aim to comprehend the drama of the war, and creating a safe space for a common emotional response to the latest tragic experience.