Tragic Destiny Research Articles

On the Enlightenment Ideology of Lu Xun——Taking Call to Arms and Wandering as an Example

Lu Xun as an anti-feudal pioneer, is committed to the enlightenment of people and national liberation. His works Call to Arms and Wandering promote the development of literary genre and enlightenment ideology. The image of “intellectuals” and “uncivilized underlying characters” have deeply reflected the enlightenment ideology of Lu Xun. This paper starts from the perspective of two types of characters, and analyzes how the enlightenment is reflected in Call to Arms and Wandering. From the perspective of “intellectuals”, different intellectuals have different enlightenment explorations. The victims of the feudal system reveal the destruction of the intellectual spirit of the old feudal society. Through their tragic destiny, Lu Xun stresses the importance of carrying out enlightenment for national awakening. The maintainer of the feudal system is facing the attitude of the enlightenment ideology to maintain resistance, and it strongly maintained feudal rule and has become the resistance of enlightenment. While Lu Xun criticizes these feudal system maintainers, he also embodies the dilemma of spreading enlightenment ideology and deep expectations for intellectual awakening. The rebels of the feudal system are intellectuals with enlightenment ideas. They are brave enough to fight against the feudal system and dare to speak out for the people. From the perspective of “uncivilized underlying characters”, they are deeply affected by feudal ideas and lack enlightenment consciousness. Through the depiction of these characters, Lu Xun hosts the enlightenment ideology on the underlying people, debunking the cruelty of the feudal system and calling for the awakening of the nationals.

El lado oscuro de la juventud. Sexo, drogas y modernización cultural en el cine negro argentino de los años sesenta

This article analyzes three Argentine films from the 60s: La Patota (Daniel Tinayre, 1960), Orden de Matar (Román Viñoly Barreto, 1965), and Humo de Marihuana (Lucas Demare, 1968). In them, youth and their customs are central. The protagonists seek a life of pleasures but find tragic destinies. The films present sexuality, violence, rock & roll, social gatherings, fashions, and drugs as threats to their lives and social order. Reflect the conservative perspectives of the time, which viewed with concern the youth getting involved in renewing activities. The films contrast with the thematic and aesthetic renewal of the Generation of 60 and represent the opinions of the most conservative sectors of Argentine society, which from 1966 would impose a dictatorial regime that saw youth as the cause of many of the country’s problems.

Il "Ciclo del Cossovo" di Milan Rakić

The essay examines one of the central themes of the work of Milan Rakić, one of the greatest exponents of Serbian Modernism: the cycle of compositions that focus on the history and current affairs of that region, which has always been disputed by Serbs and Albanians. These poems arise from Rakić’s personal experience in Kosovo, still subject to the Ottoman Empire, where he had been sent at the beginning of his diplomatic career. Of the seven poems in the cycle, five sing about the tragic destiny of that land, the cradle of Serbian religiosity; one, Na Gazi Mestanu, associates the taste for historical reenactments of Parnassi’s poetics with the passionate defense and proud exaltation of the Serbian people who in centuries-old relations with their homeland have drawn the stimulus for rebirth; the last, Legacy, the most evocative and vibrant, raises that indissoluble bond with the spiritual richness of the past as a reason for existential comfort. What the love of a woman had not been able to give to the poet is offered to him by the rediscovered communion with the historical consciousness of his own race.

A Preliminary Study of the Intellectual Image in Bulgakov's Works - Exemplified by Heart of a Dog

Mikhail Bulgakov is one of the renowned Soviet writers of the 20th century, whose works are noted for their imaginative and highly satirical nature. The intellectual image serves as one of the main character categories in the authors works. Bulgakov casts on these characters the ideology and social atmosphere of Soviet society in the early 20th century. Heart of a Dog is a milestone in Bulgakov's novel writing. The purpose of this essay is to take Professor Preobrazhensky as an example, to analyze the common points of the author's image of intellectuals who are extravagant, conservative, and obstinate, and to further analyze the tragic destiny of these intellectuals from the aspects of scientific ethics and personal worship.

From Identity Crisis to Identity Construction: A Study of Identity Issues in Beloved

The 1993 Nobel Prize winner Toni Morrison is one of the most prominent black female writers in contemporary American literature. Beloved is her very outstanding work and wins the Pulitzer Prize for Best Novel. It reveals the darkness of slavery and its torture towards the blacks. This paper tries to show the tragic destiny of the blacks, criticize the extremely negative influence of cultural hegemony and the other, and explore ways to construct identity. The colonialism and racism of cultural hegemony and the other are the prime causes of identity crisis. The blacks should face the miserable history bravely, dissolve the erosion of white culture, recover and develop black culture on the basis of traditional culture. Only in this way, can they come out of the shadow and obtain true freedom.

The Tragedy of Fate in Oedipus the King

Among the tragedies of ancient Greece, Oedipus Rex is a work well worth exploring in depth. The study of the problem of fate and tragedy in work has been a topic of interest so far. This article focuses on the tragic destiny of Oedipus, manifested in two different forms: the "oracle" and the "eye". The oracle drives the development of the story, leading Oedipus towards a predetermined end and suggesting his ultimate fate, while the eye leads people to experience the world of light and darkness, perceive the deafening impact of fate, and grasp the essence of things with the 'eyes of the heart'. In the end, Oedipus' struggle with destiny is a failure, and he goes round and round in an unavoidable course of destiny that has already been ordained. Although the tragedy is predetermined and fate is dominated by an irresistible mysterious force, the freedom and will of the human being are not to be ignored, and human dignity is as important as fate. This sublime understanding of the tragedy of destiny renews the ancient Greeks' inherent perception of the fixed nature of fate and deepens the connotation of ancient Greek tragedy and the sublimation of its spirit.

Другой Валиханов

Introduction. The constellation of Kazakh public activists from the imperial period is distinguished by the outstanding scientist, traveler, and commissioned officer of the Russian Empire Chokan (Muhammed Qanafiya) Valikhanov. However, another Valikhanov — Gazi — was also substantially involved in important historical events of that period. One can trace quite a number of parallels between the two figures — family ties, tragic destinies. Still, due to some circumstances the latter’s name is not that widely known. Goals. The article aims to explore genealogical backgrounds, professional and personal life of the prominent Kazakh public figure — the most honored representative of the Horde, a regular officer of pre-revolutionary Russia’s army, General and Sultan Gazi Bulatovich Valikhanov. Materials and methods. Comparative insights into documentary sources and available historiography serve to consistently trace key milestones in the biography of Gazi Valikhanov, determine his role in the history of Kazakhstan, comprehend the events and circumstances that influenced the shaping of his personality and fate. Results. The amazing intertwining of Chokan Valikhanov and Gazi Valikhanov’s destinies has led to several historical inaccuracies and preconceived assumptions. But the examined materials attest to that assumptions about somewhat complicated, hostile relationships between the two Kazakh sultans have no serious grounds. In his lifetime Sultan Gazi Valikhanov did a lot: he built a brilliant military career and was simultaneously engaged in research activities as a member of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society, attended the Amu Darya Expedition, was an initiator and co-founder of the Muslim Charitable Society in St. Petersburg, and also assisted some prominent educators and figures of that time, in particular, I. Gasprinsky. Gazi Valikhanov is a worthy ethnic Kazakh of the 19th–20th centuries. His name has been revived from oblivion. However, his life and results of sociopolitical, research activities need further investigation.

O coruja de Aluísio de Azevedo: um romance singular

Within Aluísio Azevedo’s literary production, O coruja (The Owl) occupies a distinctive place. This is not a work corresponding to the consecrated features of serial novel genre. First published in the footnotes of the newspaper O Paiz in Rio de Janeiro, between June and October 1885, O coruja caught the readers' attention through its protagonist and his tragic destiny’s exceptional character. In it lies an implicit and fierce criticism of the negligence by the authorities of the time with regard to the Brazilian people’s education at the end of the Second Empire. With a published volume in 1887, this novel remained little known, having never reached the popularity of works such as O mulato (The Mulatto) or O cortiço (The Slum). This article seeks to shed light on the novel’s importance for the debate over the necessary educational reform in Brazil, a topic that raised a great stir between 1883-1884. It is a heated denunciation of a system that favoured (and still favours in the 21st century) a small minority, which is represented in the novel by the antithetical figure of Teobaldo: a corrupt and opportunist, the perfect paradigm of the Brazilian ruling class.

Traumatized Immigrant: Monica Ali’s Brick Lane

Postcolonial fiction and trauma are almost coalesced into one another as a result of the nature of postcolonial cultural condition. Trauma emerges as one of the most important and inevitable themes in postcolonial novels written, in particular, by the British authors of colonial origin. In Brick Lane, Monica Ali portrays the tragic destiny of Nazneen, a young Bangladeshi woman, forced into an arranged marriage, when she is eighteen, to a Bangladeshi man in his forties living in London. It is a story of trauma, migration and adultery. After her mother’s suicide, Nazneen’s father arranges her marriage to Chanu and sends her away from home to the Imperial centre. As a postcolonial Bangladeshi immigrant, Nazneen not only suffers from the trauma of her deceased mother but also from the trauma of her arranged marriage that results in the birth of a son who dies when he is only a few months old. In addition to her personal breakdown after a series of tragic events, she inevitably undergoes cultural clashes. This study discusses Nazneen’s traumatic background and her postcolonial identity and questions whether or not her tragic situation stems from the postcolonial cultural condition.

Paolo Odorico, ed. Études byzantines et post-byzantines, Nouvelle série, Tome II (IX), La culture écrite des périphéries byzantines du Moyen-Âge à l’époque moderne

Paolo Odorico, ed. <i>Études byzantines et post-byzantines, Nouvelle série, Tome II (IX), La culture écrite des périphéries byzantines du Moyen-Âge à l’époque moderne</i>

THE REVISIONS OF ANCIENT MYTHOLOGY IN TESS OF THE D’URBERVILLES

Although the critics have traditionally observed the novel Tess of the D’Urbervilles as the disapproval of Victorian morals and double standards, the aim of this work is to point out the fact that this novel also has a general, universal meaning. Using Lukacs’ concept of realistic fiction as a synthesis of particular and universal as a starting point, the author of this research claims that this novel is a story of the tragic destiny of a particular character, but that at the same time Tess Durbeyfield functions as an embodiment of the Archetypal Feminine. Myths are symbolic expressions of archetypes, and, apart from numerous parallels with the ancient myth of Demeter and Persephone, the novel contains allusions to the myth of Genesis and to classical gods like Artemis and Apollo. The character of Tess Durbeyfield is closely related to earth and natural laws. Tough she has a great mythic potential, nobody (with the exception of Alec D’Urberville), not even Tess herself, realises it. Tis leads to a tragic outcome. Contrary to Persephone, who, even though Hades carries her to the Underworld and pronounces her his wife, succeeds to return to Earth and to begin a new life, Tess never regains stability after she loses her virginity to Alec. She does not recognise Alec’s function in terms of initiation into the world of maturity. Her sole reaction is neglect of the sensual part of her nature and her turning to the spiritual. There is no projection of the archetype, which inevitably leads Tess to failure and death.

Auto Jazz: Barney Wilen and the expanded soundtrack

This article offers a close analysis of the 1968 ‘soundtrack’ LP Auto Jazz: Tragic Destiny of Lorenzo Bandini (MPS) by the French saxophone player Barney Wilen. The theme of the LP is Italian racing driver Lorenzo Bandini’s death in a motor racing accident at the Grand Prix Automobile de Monaco in 1967. The article also discusses the visual dimension of the work; image materials were originally to have been presented with the recording to make Auto Jazz a multi-media experience. We tend to associate the late 1960s with revolutionary jazz, free jazz and experiments with jazz form and Auto Jazz: Tragic Destiny of Lorenzo Bandini is certainly ‘far out’. Jazz music at this time took on revolutionary tendencies both aurally and ideologically. However, it is not the politics of such countercultural acts that the recording expresses but rather (as a unique soundscape with elements of musique concrète) the emotional impact of a tragic real-life event through organized sound. The article examines the context for the LP: the development of ‘new wave’ cinema and use of jazz in this form, the concurrent revolution in modern jazz and contemporary experimental music and the form of ‘expanded cinema’ () that Auto Jazz: Tragic Destiny of Lorenzo Bandini was conceived to a contribution to.

The "ego" theorizing in the "Untitled" oem for the Jordanian poet Tysir Sbwl: Hermeneutics Reading

&#x0D; This research examines the "ego" theorizing in the "Untitled” poem for Jordanian poet "Tysir Sbwl," by hermeneutical reading reveal the ontological foundation for "ego" poetically and aesthetically in the face of tragic destiny / death. The interpretive reading shows the intellectual/ poet crisis, that arising from the reality deterioration around him, and the horizons blockage, giving ontological environment, which established the psychological environment of the resounding and tragic fall / death / suicide.&#x0D; This research aims to reveal the paths of "ego" theorizing itself and its poetically and aesthetically established through structural modes in the poem represented in: the trends of consciences movement, horizontal and vertical intertextuality, and the establishment of an "ego" icon poetic / self-singing, as well as in visionary discourse which represent in three paths: calling out, and falling, and forgetfulness.&#x0D; This research is trying to form an interpretive vision for the "ego" reading, through the writing and poetic consciousness in the poem, in the decisive moment of existential experience, which led to the final and tragic destiny.&#x0D; &#x0D;

PLAISIR ET BONHEUR DANS LA PEAU DE CHAGRIN

The first best seller of Balzac, the novel La Peau de Chagrin (1831) features more than a fantastic story about a pact with the devil and the destructive consequences it brings about. In reality, the adventure of the young intellectual Raphaël de Valentin reveals a moral and ontological significance, relying on the choice between an active life of frivolous pleasures and a calm life of domestic happiness. In this paper, we shall examine how the tragic destiny of the protagonist derives from his confusion between enduring happiness and the ephemeral pleasure offered by a hedonistic lifestyle, all within the social context of the birth of capitalism in the early 19th century.

‘A tragic destiny overtook him’1: Misunderstanding the Introduction to Schleiermacher's The Christian Faith and his Letters to Lücke

AbstractIn this article I address some important related criticisms of the Introduction to Schleiermacher's The Christian Faith and his Letters to Lücke which have persisted from Schleiermacher's day to the present: namely, the supposed a priori determination of dogmatic content by the Introduction, the role of philosophy in Christian dogmatics, and Schleiermacher's call for an ‘eternal covenant’ between theology and science. I use examples to illustrate a single overall point: that the Introduction to The Christian Faith and the Letters to Lücke can only be adequately understood in light of the concrete dogmatic claims found in the body of The Christian Faith.

The Writings: Job-Sirach

The WritingsJob-Sirach Thomas Hieke, Christopher T. Begg, and Fred W. Guyette Thomas Hieke Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz Christopher T. Begg Catholic University of America Fred W. Guyette Erskine College and Seminary 536. [Nature and Creation in OT Wisdom Literature] Markus Saur, "Dynamische Ordnung: Natur und Schöpfung zwischen physis und ṣædæq," JBTh 34 (2019) 65-90. S. examines the relationship between nature and creation in Hebrew Bible wisdom literature. He bases his considerations on a comparison between the Greek lexeme φύσις and the Hebrew lexeme (ṣdq, ṣedeq). The Hebrew term ṣedeq corresponds in parts of its semantic spectrum to a concept which can be observed in pre-Socratic philosophical traditions, especially in some fragments of Heraclitus. The terms φύσις and ṣedeq do not seem to be expressions of a static ontology and the concepts associated with them do not reflect an understanding of the world as an immovable cosmos. φύσις and ṣedeq rather serve to describe change and process as the constituents of a dynamic reality. The idea of a cosmic order, which is fundamental for Hebrew Bible wisdom literature, must therefore be understood as a dynamic order; and the lexeme ṣedeq has to be interpreted in this sense. See also ##599, 698. [Adapted from published abstract—T.H.] Google Scholar 537. [Revelation in Wisdom Literature] Annette Schellenberg, "'Wisdom Cries Out in the Street' (Prov 1:20): On the Role of Revelation in Wisdom Literature and the Relatedness and Differences between Sapiential and Prophetic Epistemologies," Scribes as Sages and Prophets, 157-73 [see #792]. In her essay, S. explored how the three undisputed wisdom books of the Hebrew Bible (Proverbs, Qoheleth, and Job) deal with different types of revelation. Starting from the traditional distinction between natural epistemology connected with wisdom literature on the one hand and the revelatory epistemology of prophetic texts on the other, S. follows a track laid out by the revelatory terminology used in both prophetic and wisdom texts in the Hebrew Bible. The conclusion she draws from her investigation is that both types of epistemology can be found in both types of texts. Both assume that human beings are capable of perception, reflection, and knowledge drawn from experience. However, wisdom literature, like prophetic literature, also allows for the possibility of a supernatural source of insight, knowledge that is directly revealed by God. At the same time, the two corpora do evidence some differences regarding their respective epistemological orientations. See also #546. [Adapted from editor's introduction—C.T.B.] Google Scholar 538. [Maśśāʾ; the Confluence of Wisdom and Prophecy] Mark Sneed, "Inspired Sages: Massaʾ and the Confluence of Wisdom and Prophecy," Scribes as Sages and Prophets, 15-32 [see #792]. S. argues that the use of the term maśśāʾ in the sayings of Agur (Proverbs 31) and in the last—and presumably latest—writings in the Book of the Twelve (Zechariah, Malachi) [End Page 179] signals the final stage in an developing mixture of prophetic and sapiential thought, for which he uses the term "confluence." In developing his thesis regarding the relationship of these traditions, S. makes reference to the slightly different theories of David Carr and Karel van der Toorn on the emergence of the Hebrew Bible in antiquity. [Adapted from editor's introduction—C.T.B.] Google Scholar 539. [The Representation of the Divine in the Book of Job; Job 42:5] Jean-Daniel Macchi, "'Mais maintenant mon oeil t'a vu: Job et la représentation du divin," Représenter des dieux et hommes, 271-84 [see #802]. My article seeks to show that the Book of Job exhibits many similarities with Greek tragedies. The book's main section consists of dialogues and monologues written in verse and spoken by a limited numbers of characters. Job's incomprehensible and tragic destiny is similar to that of the heroes of Greek tragedy. In addition, the poem about wisdom in Job 28 can be understood as the intervention of a chorus comparable to those found in Greek tragedies. This poetic chapter marks the dividing point between the book's two main parts, i.e., the dialogue between Job and his friends (chaps. 3–27) and...

«У обоих оказался свой Понтий Пилат»: Леонид Долгополов и Мирон Петровский в споре о Булгакове и Маяковском

Russian Modernism scholar Leonid Konstantinovich Dolgolopov (1928–1995) in the late 1980s and early 1990s wrote several research articles on life and works of Vladimir Mayakovsky whom he considered one of the greatest Russian poets of the 20th century. Dolgopolov also highly appreciated works of Mikhail Bulgakov; he wrote no papers on him but closely watched other scholars’ research, especially during “Bulgakov’s boom” of the Perestroika years. Dolgopolov carefully read the article about Bulgakov vs. Mayakovsky confrontation by a literary critic and scholar Miron Semenovich Petrovsky (1932–2020) published in influential magazine “Literaturnoe obozreniye” (“Literary Review”) in 1987, June. Petrovsky sent him a copy inscribed “as a sign of agreement and disagreement.” Dolgopolov made detailed marginalia and wrote separated notes on this subject which are published here for the first time (originals in the present author’s collection). Dolgopolov criticised Petrovsky’s approach to the subject which was important to him and briefly outlined his own view. Dolgopolov was interested in the both Bulgakov and Mayakovsky not as much as participants of the literary process, belonging to different camps and polemicizing with each other, but as examples of a collision between the great artist and the political power. Tragic destiny of the Poet / Prophet endowed with a higher mission and dying while completing it was a major subject of Dolgopolov’s late research and literary work.

The “Fatality” Motif – a Defining Element in the Musical Dramaturgy of the Opera Carmen by Georges Bizet

"The subject of this study deals with the presence of the “fatality” motif in the musical dramaturgy of Bizet’s opera Carmen. A musical portrait of the main character, it defines from the very beginning her tragic destiny. The present analytical approach identifies all the insertions of this musical motif along the development of the dramatic plot, in an intrinsic relationship with the text. Keywords: Bizet, Carmen, opera, fatality, musical dramaturgy "

“No sería yo”: Implicaciones del discurso citado en la sombra del caudillo

La inserción de un discurso ajeno, sea un relato o una palabra, en el discurso propio, por parte de un personaje literario, tiene importantes implicaciones de sentido tanto en el discurso citador como en el citado; pero este acto de citación influye también en el hablante o locutor y en su interlocutor. Estos fenómenos se pueden observar en La sombra del caudillo, cuando Aguirre intenta, fallidamente, convencer al Presidente –el Caudillo, su amigo y protector–, de que no tiene interés en la sucesión presidencial. Uno y otro citan discursos ajenos o pretéritos, que terminan definiendo el destino trágico de Aguirre. En este artículo se realiza un análisis narratológico para establecer las implicaciones del discurso incorporado, tanto el plano discursivo como en el plano actancial.

The Elucidation of the Modern World in the Thought of Jacques Ellul

Looking specifically into criticism of technical modernity, the article endeavors to follow and reveal the anti-conformist reflections of one of the French authors and academics best known abroad. Indeed, Jacques Ellul developed a long-term intellectual system adopting a singular dialectic that allows him to be multidisciplinary and to make multiple entries in sociological, philosophical, legal, historical, and theological fields. He has developed an approach that went far beyond the simple consideration of the technical tool as a potential means of alienating man, to offer his readers an authentic technical system as well as of all its implications. Basically, Jacques Ellul masterfully explained the mechanism according to which the modern man, in order to escape his tragic destiny by an attempt to eclipse the sacred, will paradoxically strive to become the creator of a space totally mastered by the techno-sphere, which has gained autonomy, notably through imposition of an ideology of its own. Modernity has inaugurated a process of autonomy from which the bourgeois project benefited even before technological governance came about, to exonerate itself from the presence of man. Ellul’s objective is to draw the reader to the consideration of the real loss of individual freedom in such an environment, which encompasses both the public space and those issues that are most intimate to man. This task of awakening to the very topical issue will be enhanced with methodological considerations involving, in particular, current propaganda issues and political illusions.