Human Trafficking Research Articles

Foreign Experience in Combating Human Trafficking

Foreign Experience in Combating Human Trafficking

Identification of a Human Trafficking Victim: A Simulation.

This case was designed for emergency medicine interns and residents. Human trafficking is unfortunately an ever-growing and wide-reaching problem in the United States as well as the rest of the world. The International Labor Organization estimates 49.6 million people were affected by this modern-day slavery worldwide in 2021.1,2 The emergency department represents an opportunity to identify and provide aid to victims of human trafficking. Studies have shown that 63.3% of survivors interacted with the emergency department during their time of exploitation; however, most of these patients are not identified as human trafficking victims and opportunities for intervention are missed.3,4. By the end of this simulation, participants will be able to: (1) Identify signs of human trafficking. (2) Demonstrate the ability to perform a primary and secondary assessment of a patient when there is concern for human trafficking. (3) Demonstrate the ability to appropriately separate an at-risk patient from a potential trafficker. (4) Identify resources and a reliable course of action to permanently remove the patient from the harmful situation. A hybrid teaching model was employed that included both a lecture and a standardized patient simulation session followed by a structured debriefing session. A simulation with a standardized participant was implemented at an urban academic emergency department with a three-year EM residency program. Participants were evaluated with a survey prior to and after the simulation, where they responded to questions regarding human trafficking patients on a scale of 1 to 5, where 5 represented the greatest level of agreement. Nineteen emergency medicine interns and residents participated in this project. Prior to simulation training, and after the lecture, residents were surveyed on their confidence in identifying and treating patients who are affected by trafficking, their level of previous training in this topic, and whether they considered trafficking an important issue in emergency medicine. When asked if human trafficking is an important issue faced by the emergency department, 15 of the 19 of residents who completed the survey rated the importance a 5/5 on a Likert scale ranging from 1-not important to 5. Residents were also asked if they had received prior training in human trafficking on a scale of never (1) to often (5). Eight residents responded with either never or close to never. Two months after the simulation, the residents were again sent an optional survey. Ten residents responded. All who participated in the simulation now rated themselves a 4/5 on a scale from not confident to very confident. Of those who did not attend the simulation, the median value was a 3/5. Out of the residents who attended the simulation training, every resident rated the experience 5 out of 5 in terms of usefulness. One hundred percent of residents would recommend simulation training on human trafficking to other emergency medicine residents. This was an effective educational initiative because this education model allowed the residents to feel more comfortable identifying individuals affected by human trafficking, and all the residents who responded to the survey stated that they would recommend the use of simulation to others for education on human trafficking. High-fidelity simulation, human trafficking identification, human trafficking response.

Current Trends in Human Trafficking and the Effectiveness of Law Enforcement Strategies in Combating Sex Trafficking in Thailand

This paper examines the current state of sex trafficking in Thailand, focusing on recent trends, law enforcement strategies, and challenges faced in combating this pervasive issue. Thailand has established a comprehensive legal framework to address human trafficking, including significant legislation and international commitments. Law enforcement employs a range of strategies, including surveillance, undercover operations, and inter-agency collaboration, to dismantle trafficking networks and support victims. However, challenges such as corruption, resource limitations, and the complexity of trafficking networks hinder these efforts. The paper also provides recommendations for improving law enforcement capabilities, victim support, legal frameworks, international cooperation, and the use of technology to enhance anti-trafficking measures. By addressing these areas, Thailand can strengthen its fight against sex trafficking and provide better protection for vulnerable individuals.

State Sovereignty: Concept and Conceptions

The terms “sovereignty” and “state” are used very loosely in scholarly literature. “State sovereignty” is central to many scholarly disciplines and controversial real case scenarios, including territorial disputes; pandemics; arms, drug and human trafficking; terrorism; and the flow of refugees. Unsurprisingly, when academics apply the term “state sovereignty” disagreements can be expected. This paper reviews a series of conceptions pertaining to “state sovereignty” and proposes a shift from the current unidimensional understanding to a multidimensional approach. This is because state sovereignty is an intricate concept that includes several pluralisms, such as agents and the roles they play in their interrelations (e.g. individuals, communities and states), contexts (i.e. domestic, regional and international), realms (e.g. factual, normative and axiological) and modes of existence (i.e. ideal, natural, cultural and metaphysical elements and features). Hence, this paper argues that different understandings on state sovereignty are not due to ontological discrepancies but relate to either epistemological choices because different scholars and scientific disciplines are interested in a particular pluralism pertaining to state sovereignty rather than the concept as a whole, or to axiological choices tightly linked to individuals, communities and/or states often ignored or undisclosed views and perceptions. By applying a multidimensional approach and taking into account two variables—time and space—the paper explains why the different conceptions on state sovereignty are connected with value judgments that still refer to the same concept applied to the object or subject of study (ontology) but from particular epistemological presuppositions often hidden, ignored or neglected.

Advancing Equity for Immigrant Children Who Have Experienced Human Trafficking

Advancing Equity for Immigrant Children Who Have Experienced Human Trafficking

Critical Analysis of Human Trafficking in India

Critical Analysis of Human Trafficking in India

Promoting Human Rights by Attending to Human Trafficking

Promoting Human Rights by Attending to Human Trafficking

INTERNATIONAL MECHANISM FOR PREVENTION OF TRAFFICKING OF WOMEN AND THE LEGAL ANGLE RELATED TO THIS

The research paper titled ‘‘International Mechanisms for Prevention of Trafficking of Women and The Legal Angle related to this" deals with the multifaceted and critical issue of trafficking of women, exploring the intricate web of international mechanisms and legal frameworks that seek to prevent and address this grave violation of human rights. The paper delves into the systemic factors, vulnerabilities, and repercussions of trafficking, with a specific focus on its disproportionate impact on women. The research systematically examines a range of international mechanisms, agreements, conventions, and protocols that have been established to combat trafficking, shedding light on the collaborative efforts of the nations and many international organizations to eradicate this heinous practice. This research paper examines the global frameworks established to prevent and address trafficking in women, and explores the legal dimensions and implications of these frameworks. Drawing on a comprehensive array of legal sources, case studies, and empirical data, the paper dissects the legal dimensions of trafficking, analysing the complexities of defining and prosecuting this crime on a global scale. It scrutinizes the challenges posed by differing legal definitions and interpretations across jurisdictions, highlighting the necessity for harmonization and standardization of legal frameworks to effectively address trafficking and provide justice for victims. The paper also investigates the vital role of international organizations, including the United Nations and its various agencies, in developing and executing strategies for prevention, victim protection, and prosecution. Ultimately, the research paper underscores the urgent necessity for a unified and coordinated international strategy to tackle the trafficking of women. It underscores the importance of aligning legal frameworks, enhancing cross-border cooperation, and fostering a global commitment to eradicating this abhorrent practice. By shedding light on the intricate web of international mechanisms and legal angles surrounding trafficking of women, the research paper contributes valuable insights and recommendations to the ongoing global efforts to prevent and address this deeply concerning violation of human rights.

La trata de personas y su implicancia con la función preventiva del delito en Ayacucho, Perú

The objective of this study is to understand human trafficking in its various forms and its relationship with the preventive function of crime in Ayacucho, Peru, during the year 2023. The methodology employed was descriptive and interpretive qualitative research, based on information collection through interviews conducted with 10 lawyers specialized in the subject. The results obtained indicate that, in Ayacucho, human trafficking occurs without distinction of gender or age. Victims can be both women and men, from different age groups. It is observed that adolescent girls are mainly subjected to sexual exploitation, while adult women and men are victims of labor exploitation, and children are forced into begging. In this context, it has been found that the effective implementation of the preventive function established in the Penal Code regarding the crime of human trafficking in Ayacucho is mostly limited to the theoretical-normative realm, lacking concrete pragmatic actions.

CRIMINAL POLICIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE FIELD OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING

Trafficking in persons, like any other crime, generates a negative behavior that affects some people, who in most cases give their consent without realizing the extent of the consequences. Trafficking in human beings implies, in most cases, the carrying out of specific activities on the territory of the victims' state of origin, continued actions on the territory of the destination state, where the criminal activity can be completed or continue on the territory of other states. Thus, the traffic acquires a transnational and cross-border character in the realization of which several people with precisely determined roles are involved and who, through simultaneous or successive actions, collaborate directly in the commission of the act. Human trafficking is a very serious problem both domestically and internationally, which is why the law enforcement authorities of all EU member states should work together to strengthen the fight against human trafficking and to come in support of victims subjected to exploitation.

THE EUROPEAN UNION’S POSITION ON THE PHENOMENON OF CORRUPTION

At the beginning of the 1990s, the European Union adopted the so-called Copenhagen criteria, in which Member States and aspiring states were called on to ground their activities on the rule of law. It is assumed that this concept also extends to the issue of corruption, or rather, an effective fight against this phenomenon. In fact, however, the main solutions in this area were for years based on the anti-corruption conventions established by the Council of Europe and the UN. The EU itself was quite restrained in this respect. Although some normative solutions were adopted, they were not within any mainstream European legislation. These matters were raised for the second time in the years 2008–2017, but also then no specific solutions were adopted at the level of the entire EU. Currently, we can see a third take on this issue, i.e. a proposal for a new directive on combating corruption. This time, it seems that the will to confront this problem is much stronger than before. Moreover, it has been noted that corruption is often a mirror image of organised crime, human trafficking, or the waste of funds transferred to Member States from the EU budget.

UPDATING AND HARMONIZING LEGISLATION: A PROACTIVE STEP IN COMBATING TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME

Organized crime has emerged as one of the most formidable challenges globally, existing as an unavoidable reality with such severe implications that the international community is compelled to unite efforts to counteract it. Its intricate criminal structures and the multiplicity of its criminal activities characterise it. Owing to its pervasive influence across various crucial sectors, notably the economic, security, and social realms, many nations have been overwhelmed by their inability to tackle it independently, thus underscoring the urgent need for innovative mechanisms to mitigate its adverse impacts and ramifications. Therefore, updating and approximating legislation is an essential proactive step to combat organized crime by providing modern legal tools that allow the security and judicial agencies to keep pace with the evolving methods of this crime, starting with formulating a comprehensive definition of organized crime that includes all its components and characteristics, and enacting laws that criminalize all organized criminal activities, such as Drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking, enacting other laws that allow the confiscation of profits from organized crime and their reuse in anti-crime programs, and establishing mechanisms to enhance cooperation between security and judicial agencies and other government bodies.

Advanced surveillance and detection systems using deep learning to combat human trafficking

Advanced surveillance and detection systems using deep learning to combat human trafficking

Challenges for Anti-Trafficking NGOs in Indonesia

NGOs play a crucial role in safeguarding human dignity, especially in developing countries like Indonesia, where they strategically work to address pressing human rights issues. However, NGOs encounter various challenges that impede their efforts. This research specifically focuses on the challenges faced by NGOs working in human trafficking and exploitation in Indonesia. The analysis is based on data obtained from interviews conducted with four NGOs and an independent worker specializing in the exploitation and trafficking of underage individuals. Moreover, this study delves into the socio-economic problems underlying human trafficking in Indonesia. Drawing inspiration from Marxist theories of labor and poverty, it posits that the issue of human trafficking in Indonesia is closely intertwined with socio-economic instability�particularly affecting the most impoverished segment of the population. The research identifies poverty as a key factor fueling exploitation and trafficking in Indonesia. Furthermore, the study reveals implementation challenges and a lack of alignment with international conventions, such as the Palermo Protocols, in enforcing Indonesia's national law against human trafficking (Law No. 21/2007). These issues are particularly apparent in cases involving underage victims. Keywords: exploitation, human trafficking, NGO, Indonesia

Penggunaan Media Elektronik Dalam Perdagangan Manusia Lintas Negara

Human trafficking is an increasingly prevalent global issue, and social media has become a new tool for perpetrators to deceive and exploit victims. This research analyzes two main aspects: how social media becomes a means of fraud that leads to human trafficking, and effective protection and rehabilitation models for victims who are successfully released. First, this research examines various modes of fraud via social media that lead victims into human trafficking. Various platforms such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter are used to deceive victims with the promise of promising jobs, marriage or a better life. Second, this research evaluates the protection and rehabilitation models available to victims of human trafficking. A comprehensive approach that includes legal, psychological, and socioeconomic assistance is essential to help victims recover and rebuild their lives. It is hoped that this research will contribute to a better understanding of the role of social media in human trafficking, as well as encourage the development of more effective protection and rehabilitation models for victims.

ODAM SAVDOSI – INSONIYATGA QARSHI TAHDID

In the modern era of globalization, human trafficking is one of the pressing problems that attracts the attention of the entire world community. The article makes an attempt to reveal such issues that human trafficking is an illegal crime, its cases have also been identified in Uzbekistan, and the need to take measures to prevent this crime.

Legal Basis for Deciding Cases of Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence against Minors

This research aims to describe the legal basis for deciding cases of criminal acts of sexual violence against minors. This research uses normative legal research methods. Normative legal research methods are used to analyze and evaluate statutory regulations, legal documents, and other legal literature. This method aims to understand, interpret, and provide insight into applicable legal norms. The research results show that the legal basis for deciding cases of criminal acts of sexual violence against minors is as follows: 1) Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection; 2) Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection; 3) Law Number 17 of 2016 concerning the Determination of Government Regulations in place of Law Number 2 of 2016 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection into Law; 4) Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System; 5) Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning Eradication of the Crime of Human Trafficking. Apart from this law, there are also government regulations, regional regulations, and other regulations which also regulate child protection and sexual violence against minors in Indonesia.

Membangun Tembok Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia di Era Kejahatan Lintas Negara

Transnational crime is increasingly widespread in the era of globalization, presenting new challenges in protecting human rights (HAM). This article discusses the need to build a strong wall of human rights protection to combat transnational crime. Transnational crimes such as human trafficking, drug trafficking and terrorism have grown rapidly in the era of globalization. These crimes not only harm the affected countries, but also threaten the human rights of the victims. Transnational crime presents several challenges in protecting human rights. First, its cross-border nature makes law enforcement complicated. Second, the victims of these crimes are often intimidated and do not have access to justice. Third, the lack of international cooperation in fighting transnational crime. To overcome these challenges, it is necessary to build a strong human rights protection wall. Building a wall to protect human rights is a common task for all countries in the world. With strong cooperation and commitment, we can combat transnational crime and protect the human rights of victims.

Terrorism: Interpol Global Policing Goals and SDGs

In this paper, we determined how well an OECD country is achieving the Received Interpol goals with respect to the SDGs pertinent to them. We found that the Scandinavian countries were at the top in the achievement. In combatting terrorism in general, we found that the Scandinavian countries were at the top. We also show that the fuzzy similarity measure of the ranking of countries used by the SDGs relevant to terrorism compared with SDG 16 alone was high. Let [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be rankings of a set [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] the associated fuzzy subsets, respectively. Consider the similarity measures [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] [J. N. Mordeson and S. Mathew, Journal of Mahani Mathematical Research 13(1) (2024) 279–291]. Suppose that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are known, but [Formula: see text] is unknown. It is shown in the reference by J. N. Mordeson and S. Mathew [Mathematics of Uncertainty for Coping with World Challenges, Climate Change, World Hunger, Modern Slavery, Coronavirus, Human Trafficking (Springer, 2021)] that if [Formula: see text] is near [Formula: see text] then [Formula: see text] is near [Formula: see text] In this paper, a similar result for [Formula: see text] is shown.

LIABILITY FOR THE USE OF SLAVE LABOR (ART. 127.2 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION): PROBLEMS OF THEORY AND PRACTICE OF APPLICATION

The article examines problematic aspects of the application of the rule on criminal liability for the use of slave labor. It is emphasized that, according to current legislation, the use of slave labor as a crime means exclusively the use of human labor in the position of a slave; the use of slave labor presupposes the establishment and ensuring the permanence of the victim’s slave status. The need to prevent these crimes using the norms and mechanisms of the criminal legal order, which act as a central link in the comprehensive provision of the rights of the victim, is outlined. It is noted that when committing the crime in question, the perpetrators use the labor of persons who are in a difficult life situation and do not have a permanent source of income, contrary to their will and desire, with the exercise in relation to these persons of the powers inherent in the right of ownership. Conclusions are drawn about the relationship between such acts as kidnapping, human trafficking and the use of slave labor, which act as links in one chain of homotraffic, as one of the most dangerous types of the criminal market for goods and services. It is indicated that these criminal attacks are characterized by the use of violence (physical and mental), as well as the use of a deliberately helpless or dependent state, which generally raises the issue of their victimological prevention.