Traffic Management Mechanisms Research Articles

A Decision Framework for Enhancing Adhoc Network Stability and Security

A Decision Framework for Enhancing Network Stability and Security. In the modern digital era, the growing complexity of networks and increasing frequency of cyber threats demand robust strategies for ensuring network stability and security. This paper proposes a decision framework that integrates real-time analytics, proactive monitoring, and adaptive response mechanisms to enhance network resilience against failures, attacks, and performance degradation. The framework leverages advanced machine learning algorithms, network flow analysis, and security protocols to dynamically adjust to network conditions and mitigate risks .The decision framework operates in two key dimensions: Stability: It focuses on ensuring uninterrupted network performance by optimizing resource allocation, traffic management, and fault tolerance mechanisms. By analyzing network traffic patterns and identifying potential bottlenecks or vulnerabilities, the framework makes proactive decisions to reroute traffic, adjust bandwidth, and prioritize critical data flows.Security: The framework enhances security by detecting potential threats, such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, unauthorized access, or malware propagation. Using a combination of intrusion detection systems (IDS), firewalls, and behavioral anomaly detection, it identifies threats in real-time and implements automatic countermeasures, such as isolating affected network segments, patching vulnerabilities, or blocking malicious traffic.A key innovation of this framework is its use of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques to balance trade-offs between network performance and security in real time. The model continuously evaluates factors such as latency, throughput, and risk exposure to make informed, optimal decisions that ensure both stability and protection. Furthermore, the framework adapts to evolving network conditions using reinforcement learning, allowing it to learn from past incidents and improve its decision-making over time.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed framework significantly reduces network downtime, improves threat detection response times, and mitigates the impact of security breaches. This decision framework presents a scalable solution for modern, dynamic networks, offering enhanced protection while maintaining high performance in the face of complex challenges.

Dynamic Link Metric Selection for Traffic Aggregation and Multipath Transmission in Software-Defined Networks

Software-defined networks (SDNs) are expanding their presence beyond laboratories, campus networks, ISPs, and data centre networks, moving into various domains. Although originally designed for campus networks, SDNs face scalability challenges, especially with the use of OpenFlow. Addressing these challenges requires innovative traffic management mechanisms to efficiently handle the growing number of connected devices and the increasing volume of traffic from various types of applications. This article proposes an innovative method for link weight selection that incorporates multipath transmission and flow aggregation in the SDNs. This novel approach improves resource utilization in two key ways. First, it involves the preservation of bandwidth during congestion. Second, it minimizes internal resource usage, as illustrated by a reduction in the number of table entries in switches. Resources undergo optimization through the introduction of a novel mechanism for flow aggregation. This novel mechanism, coupled with multipath transmission, enables adaptive responses to dynamic changes in network conditions. The aggregation process leads to a reduced number of flow entries in the core switches compared to the conventional operation of OpenFlow. The proposed scenarios for link weight allocation allow for a reduction in the number of entries in the core switches by up to 99%. The application of the proposed method also results in an increase of 58% in traffic transmission.

Pillars of space traffic management in the era of LEO mega-constellations: A global perspective

In the context of deepening civil-military integration of the space industry and escalating competition among major powers, the rapid development of LEO mega-constellations has led to significant changes concerning space safety and security governance. Increasingly crowded outer space, aggravated by the emergence of mega-constellations, has posed severe challenges to space operational safety and national security. Therefore, there is a practical urgency to establish space traffic management mechanisms to cover safety and security issues. This paper envisions three pillars of space traffic management while proposing appropriate implementation measures for regulating the construction of LEO mega-constellations. Adopting a global forward-thinking approach, these proposals offer comprehensive guidelines for effectively integrating diverse stakeholders engaged in space activities, with the collective objective of striking a balance between commercial private interests, national space interests, and the broader concerns of humanity.

Modelling and Optimization of Multi-Service Optical Switching Networks with Threshold Management Mechanisms

DWDM networks make use of optical switching networks that allow light waves of multiple lengths to be serviced and provide the possibility of converting them appropriately. Research work on optical switching networks focuses on two main areas of interest: new non-blocking structures for optical switching networks and finding traffic characteristics of switching networks of the structures that are already well known. In practical design of switching nodes in optical networks, in many cases, the Clos switching networks are successfully used. Clos switching networks are also used in Elastic Optical Networks that can effectively manage allocation of resources to individual multi-service traffic streams. The research outcomes presented in this article deal with the problems of finding traffic characteristics in blocking optical switching networks with known structures. This article aims at presenting an analysis of the influence of traffic management threshold mechanisms on the traffic characteristics of multi-service blocking Clos switching networks that are used in the nodes of elastic optical networks as well as their influence on the traffic efficiency of network nodes. The analysis was carried out on the basis of research studies performed in a specially dedicated purpose-made simulation environment. The article presents a description of the simulation environment used in the experiments. The study was focused on the influence of the threshold mechanism, which is one of the most commonly used and elastic traffic management mechanisms, and on the traffic characteristics of switching networks that service different mixtures of multi-service Erlang, Engset and Pascal traffic streams. The conducted study validates the operational effectiveness and practicality of the application of the threshold mechanism to model traffic characteristics of nodes in an elastic optical network.

Analysis of promising approaches and research on traffic flow classification for maintaining QoS by ML methods in SDN networks

One of the most important tasks that exist in modern networks is to maintain the Quality-of-Service QoS at the appropriate level which can be achieved by applying various traffic management mechanisms. In order to maintain the QoS parameters in the proper state, you need to know the types of traffic passing through the network. Given high-tech and high-performance networks such as SDN networks, traffic classification by conventional methods becomes almost impossible. Data mining methods, including Machine Learning methods, come to the rescue. The article analyzes the main promising approaches to real-time traffic classification for maintaining QoS in SDN networks by ML methods as well as provides a comparative overview of the most outstanding works in this field.

METHOD FOR THE DIAGNOSTICS OF SYNCHRONIZATION DISTURBANCES IN THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK OF A CRITICAL USED COMPUTER SYSTEM

Relevance of the study. To improve the quality of service (QoS), the work of all network technologies, protocols, and individual traffic management mechanisms is constantly optimized. It is known that the quality of information transmission in modern telecommunication equipment is affected by the quality of synchronization devices. Synchronization is a means of maintaining the operation of all digital equipment in a data transmission network at one average speed, which must exist at three levels: bit synchronization, synchronization at the level of channel intervals (time slot) and frame synchronization. Therefore, the lack of synchronization of the computer system at the required level can lead to a significant decrease in QoS. At the same time, the requirements for ensuring these indicators are significantly tightened in the face of an increase in the load of network resources. Subject of study: computer system synchronization. The aim of the article is to develop a method for diagnosing synchronization disturbances in the telecommunications network of a computer system of critical application by increasing the resolution of an acousto-optical spectrum analyzer. Research results. The influence of non-stationary data transmission in the telecommunications subsystem of the computer system under study is analyzed. The analysis and classification of the causes of computer network synchronization failure of a critical application computer system is carried out. The article describes the consequences of a violation of computer network stabilization for ensuring the quality of service provided by various frequently used services. Proposed the use of acousto-optic spectrum analyzer with spatial integration for diagnostics of violations of the synchronization network. In work the analysis of the use of acousto-optic spectrum analyzers. The conducted research allowed us to obtain an analytical expression for the output signal of the spectroanalyzer when two rectangular pulses with different carrier frequencies, durations and delay times are received at its input. This result, as well as the numerical calculations provided, allowed us to develop General recommendations for increasing the resolution of the acousto-optical spectrum analyzer, and thus create theoretical prerequisites for improving the synchronization of the computer system. The given analytical relations and numerical estimates were experimentally verified by means of system simulation. Conclusions. As a result of the research, a method of diagnostics of synchronization violations in the telecommunications network of a computer system of critical application was proposed. The method is based on increasing the resolution of the measuring system based on an acoustooptic spectrum analyzer.

Internet of Vehicles Communication Technologies for Traffic Management and Road Safety Applications

The primary objective of intelligent transport systems (ITS) is to improve road safety and efficiency in the transport sector and are addressed in Internet of vehicles (IoV) based solutions, peer to peer vehicle data sharing, inter vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure communication channels. Effectiveness of an IoV solution is dependent on the robustness of the wireless communication technology. Performance of ZigBee, Wi-Fi and DSRC communication technologies for deployment in an IoV system is investigated by performing simulations in an identified platform. It was found that ZigBee, Wi-Fi and DSRC can offer successful exchange of data with failure rate of less than 1% for low frequency of communication events while Wi-Fi and DSRC can offer this performance at even higher frequencies of exchange events. Findings of the research will be used to design and test road safety and traffic management mechanisms for an IoV system.

Configuration of network management for energy efficiency in optical transport networks using GMPLS and OBS techniques

The suboptimal distribution of the traffic load over the high-speed optical network channels results in poor overall channel utilization and leads to the increased energy consumption. This means that configuration of the network management system including traffic engineering protocols and traffic management mechanisms may have indirect but significant impact on the overall energy efficiency of the particular optical transport network setup. Therefore, we aim in this paper to estimate how energy efficiency of the optical transport network depends on the configuration of the management protocols and mechanisms deployed into the GMPLS and OBS technologies. In addition, we analyze particular configurations of specific mechanisms those allow to increase energy efficiency of the optical transport network without compromising the parameters of the quality of service (QoS).

Semi-Automated Vehicle Routing System (SAVROS)

Traffic congestion becoming the severe problem in most of the places of the world. From increased stress levels to serious national economical drawbacks and from time wastage to unrecoverable environmental issues. There are many traffic management and routing solutions have been researched ,developed and tested over and again , But still there are some areas that critically contribute to affect the efficiency of an any traffic system are not discussed and improved specially in traffic routing & redirection, traffic plan updating, colour lights , traffic signs and infrastructure. Some of the systems that developed and proposed are based on much more technically advanced and sophisticated technologies but their solution and way they resolving the ultimate issue is poor. Even modern developed countries adopted those intelligent traffic routing systems to their road systems rarely due to above reason and economical and implementation issues. SAVROS is not only resolving the serious traffic congestion issues that most of the Peoples facing today but it introduces a procedure and smarter and economical way of managing the big picture of traffic management entirely .Due to above stated issues most of the countries including countries that have sophisticated road systems are still using traditional traffic management and routing mechanisms that is less efficient, need more time, cost and man power to manage and operate. SAVROS is basically consisted with a real-time embedded system connected to desktop application. Most of the traditional procedures and techniques will be replaced or improved and the system is designed to install in any existing traffic environment without making changes to them.

Performance evaluation of traffic management mechanisms for Peer-to-Peer networks

Most network operators, excluding tier 1, pay for the inter-domain transmissions, i.e., the data which is sent to and from their managed networks. As Peer-to-Peer applications generate a substantial amount of traffic in telecommunication networks today, the operators feel the need to manage it effectively. The problem is that the created overlay network is independent from the physical network, and is therefore, difficult to manage. We show that it is possible to efficiently influence Peer-to-Peer overlay networks in a way which provides benefits for both the operator and the peers. As a result, operators observe significant reduction of the inter-domain traffic, whereas, peers achieve better performance. We present and assess five approaches for economic traffic management. The most promising, i.e., QoS-awareness and Highly Active Peer are described in details and evaluated through simulations. We show that by providing proper incentives to end-users, traffic inside the overlay can be efficiently managed.

Stable Queue Management in communication networks

Since Active Queue Management (AQM) was recommended by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as an efficient way to overcome performance limitations of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), several studies have proven control theory to be a promising field for the design and analysis of congestion control in homogenous communication networks. AQM is gaining increased importance due to reports of buffer-induced latencies throughout the Internet. The increasing volume and diversity of traffic types (i.e., data, voice, and video) suggests that traffic management mechanisms, in general, and AQM schemes, specifically, must not only focus on the critical issue of congestion control but must also consider the QoS demands of heterogeneous traffic. However, to combine quality-of-service provisioning with congestion control, AQM design needs to be reconsidered. In this paper, we propose a state feedback controller design scheme for heterogeneous networks preserving the closed-loop system stability. Delay dependant stability conditions of the closed loop system are derived based on the Lyapunov-Krasovskii method. The proposed approach offers flexible choice of control parameters allowing the network administrator to control fairness and response time for each individual source node in a network of multiple links with different delay properties. The performance and robustness of the proposed controller were illustrated and analyzed using event-based computer simulations.

An efficient admission control model based on dynamic link scheduling in wireless mesh networks

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are a very attractive new field of research. They are low cost, easily deployed, and a high-performance solution to last-mile broadband Internet access. In WMNs, admission control (AC) is one of the key traffic management mechanisms that should be deployed to provide quality of service (QoS) support for real-time traffic. In this paper, we introduce a novel admission control model, based on bandwidth and delay parameters, which integrates a dynamic link scheduling scheme. The proposed model is built on two different methods to access the medium: on a contention-based channel access method for control packets and on a dynamic time division multiple access (DTDMA) for data packets. Each time a new flow is admitted in the network, the WMN’s link scheduling is modified according to the flows’ requirement and network conditions while respecting the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR); this allows establishing collision-free transmissions. Using extensive simulations, we demonstrate that our model achieves high resource utilization by improving throughput, establishing collision-free transmission, as well as respecting requirements of admitted flows in terms of delay and bandwidth.

The end-to-end QoS guarantee framework for interworking WiMAX PMP and mesh networks with Internet

A network environment, in which 802.16 WiMAX PMP and mesh networks interwork with the Internet, is becoming prevalent and thus ensuring an end-to-end QoS of a media stream after the handoff of mobile host is critical. In this paper, an end-to-end QoS guarantee framework and its handoff flows are revised first. An end-to-end QoS adjustment algorithm is proposed to dynamically adjust the L2 bandwidth allocated in the WiMAX PMP and mesh networks and the L3 data rate in the Internet after the handoff. A CBQ+RED QoS adaptation algorithm is further proposed to adapt queue lengths among different service types and provide efficient queue and traffic management mechanisms as each packet arrives. Finally, simulation results indicate that this framework with these two algorithms outperform three QoS management schemes by supporting higher throughputs, lower packet loss ratios and smaller delays on the end-to-end path under different parameter combinations and two handoff scenarios.

Traffic Engineering for Multicast Connections in Multiservice Cellular Networks

The dynamic development of multiservice cellular networks has resulted in significant changes in the system architecture, which, in turn, has led to a broad distribution of many mechanisms and functions responsible for traffic management. These mechanisms take advantage of appropriate algorithms and analytic dependencies to ensure optimal quality of service that can be tailored to the objectives of the network operator. This paper proposes a new analytical model of a cellular network that supports multicast connections in a distributed environment. It is assumed that, in the cells participating in multicast connections, it is possible to apply different and independent traffic management mechanisms such as, for example, threshold mechanisms and resource reservation mechanisms. The proposed method can be used in an evaluation and scientific methods of research in the traffic effectiveness of multicast connections in given load conditions of a cellular network. An application of the method can have a particular significance in designing high-bit-rate multicast services to users in 4G networks. The analytical model proposed in this paper is verified on the basis of simulation examinations of cellular networks with multicast connections. The investigations confirm high accuracy of the model and the correctness of all theoretical assumptions adopted in the study.

A New Analytical Model of UMTS Cell

Abstract This paper discusses a new analytical model of the WCDMA radio interface. The proposed model is based on Erlang’s Ideal Grading with multi-rate traffic and different availability characteristics. Thanks to the application this model, it is possible in the proposed model to take into consideration not only the influence of interference from different cells, but also different traffic management mechanisms. The operation of the new model is presented with the example of the WCDMA interface in which selected classes of calls have introduced traffic constraint. The proposed model is characterized by its simplicity, while the results obtained with its application are characterized by accuracy that is acceptable for the model to be used in engineering calculations.

Modeling multi-traffic admission control in OFDMA system using Colored Petri Net

Call Admission Control (CAC) is one of the key traffic management mechanisms that must be deployed in order to meet the strict requirements for dependability imposed on the services provided by modern wireless networks. In this paper, we develop an executable top-down hierarchical Colored Petri Net (CPN) model for multi-traffic CAC in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) system. By theoretic analysis and CPN simulation, it is demonstrated that the CPN model is isomorphic to Markov Chain (MC) assuming that each data stream follows Poisson distribution and the corresponding arrival time interval is an exponential random variable, and it breaks through MC’s explicit limitation, which includes MC’s memoryless property and proneness to state space explosion in evaluating CAC process. Moreover, we present four CAC schemes based on CPN model taking into account call-level and packet-level Quality of Service (QoS). The simulation results show that CPN offers significant advantages over MC in modeling CAC strategies and evaluating their performance with less computational complexity in addition to its flexibility and adaptability to different scenarios.

Mobility Hazard on Indian Roads; A Consequence of Inept Traffic Management

Cities in the developing world within the milieu of globalization are experiencing a phenomenon of chaotic traffic as changing urban growth and consumption patterns have brought about a sharp increase in the number of motor vehicles. As a consequence, the rate of accidents and fatality has also increased substantially. Therefore, mobility on the road poses a constant risk and a premature death threat. Road accidents are a serious risk, a byproduct of massive motorization and a largely inefficient traffic management system. This research paper is an attempt to highlight the road traffic accidents as a critical area of concern and posing a severe mobility hazard. In doing so, the trends and dimensions of road traffic accidents in India are elaborated, and it is stressed that proper road traffic management mechanisms should be in place to mitigate the risk on the road.

Mobility Hazard on Indian Roads; A Consequence of Inept Traffic Management

Cities in the developing world within the milieu of globalization are experiencing a phenomenon of chaotic traffic as changing urban growth and consumption patterns have brought about a sharp increase in the number of motor vehicles. As a consequence, the rate of accidents and fatality has also increased substantially. Therefore, mobility on the road poses a constant risk and a premature death threat. Road accidents are a serious risk, a byproduct of massive motorization and a largely inefficient traffic management system. This research paper is an attempt to highlight the road traffic accidents as a critical area of concern and posing a severe mobility hazard. In doing so, the trends and dimensions of road traffic accidents in India are elaborated, and it is stressed that proper road traffic management mechanisms should be in place to mitigate the risk on the road.

CWRR: A Scheduling Algorithm for Maximizing the Performance of Quality of Service Network Router

This paper presents a novel approach for implementing quality of service as demanded by evolving applications in the Internet. For some decades now, research efforts have led to the extension of the TCP/IP in order to make the Internet a full-fledged quality of service network. Novel in the extension is the invention of the Integrated services and Differentiated services architectures. The Differentiated services architecture was widely accepted among researchers because of its scalability. In order to achieve some of the refinements to the current TCP/IP protocol by the IETF for DiffServ implementation in the Internet, new traffic management mechanisms such as differential packet buffering cum differential allocation of available link bandwidth are needed. This report studied some suggested scheduling algorithms in literature on how to incorporate a multi-queue paradigm and enforce service level agreement in the Internet. A new scheduling model that ensures maximum utilization of network bandwidth is used to assess experimental implementation of Differentiated services in a QoS-based router. The model, termed, carry-on Weighted Round Robin (cWRR) proved better than the original Weighted Round Robin (WRR) scheme in terms of low higher throughput and fairness to traffic sources in a multi-queue network core router paradigm.

Multilayer Dynamic Traffic Grooming with Constrained Differentiated Resilience in IP/MPLS-over-WDM Networks

Our research study in this paper focuses on supporting differentiated resilience services in IP/MPLS-over-WDM networks with minimum resources while guaranteeing the quality in provisioned services (QoS) for subscribers. This has been achieved through our multilayer scheme which supports dynamic traffic grooming associated with constrained differentiated resilience. This scheme incorporates an intelligent adaptive heuristic approach and other traffic management mechanisms which solve multiple challenging problems: Differentiated multilayer dynamic traffic grooming based on connections granularity and priority, and connection admission control and wavelength assignment subject to multiple QoS and resilience constraints. We have implemented this scheme to evaluate its performance through conducting simulation experiments. The results demonstrate that our multilayer scheme can enable a network operator to significantly improve the utilization of resources in WDM networks as well as reduce the connection and bandwidth blocking probabilities of all supported traffic classes while guaranteeing their requirements in terms of QoS, resilience and optical physical impairments.