Traffic Disruption Research Articles

KAJIAN PENERAPAN ZONA PENGENDALIAN LALU LINTAS PADA PELAKSANAAN PEKERJAAN JALAN

Road works are almost close with moving traffic and potentially causing traffic disruption, congestion, delay, frustration, and more can cause collisions that would injure or kill road users and road workers. In order to remain resilient, the road worker must apply the zone concept on road works. This study aims to evaluate the application of Safety Technical Guidance on Road Work Location conducted by PT. Citra Muda Noer Bersaudara on Road Reconstruction of Junction (Koto Baru) - Jambi Border segment. So do a direct observation of the road work zone implemented by the contractor and compare it with the applicability in the guide. The implementation of the road work zone carried out by the contractor on the work package under review still lacks. In the implementation, the lack of which always occurs in every job implementation is the absence of a termination zone in all types of work, the transition zone is only applied to asphalt work, the early warning zone is only applied to road concrete work, asphalt overlay work and road shoulder work. Speed survey results show that the implementation of road work zone applied by the contractor can reduce the speed of the vehicle.

QTIP: Quick simulation-based adaptation of traffic model per incident parameters

ABSTRACT Current data-driven traffic prediction models are usually trained with large datasets, e.g., several months of speeds and flows. Such models provide very good fit for ordinary road conditions, but often fail just when they are most needed: when traffic suffers a sudden and significant disruption, e.g., a road incident. In this work, we describe QTIP: a simulation-based framework for quasi-instantaneous adaptation of prediction models upon traffic disruption. In a nutshell, QTIP performs real-time simulations of the affected road for multiple scenarios, analyzes the results, and suggests a change to an ordinary prediction model accordingly. QTIP constructs the simulated scenarios per properties of the incident, as conveyed by real-time distress signals from In-Vehicle Monitor Systems, which are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. We experiment QTIP in a case study of a Danish motorway, and the results show that QTIP can improve traffic prediction in the first critical minutes of road incidents.

Characteristics of a Debris Flow Disaster and Its Mitigation Countermeasures in Zechawa Gully, Jiuzhaigou Valley, China

On 8 August 2017, an Ms 7.0 earthquake struck Jiuzhaigou Valley, triggering abundant landslides and providing a huge source of material for potential debris flows. After the earthquake debris flows were triggered by heavy rainfall, causing traffic disruption and serious property losses. This study aims to describe the debris flow events in Zechawa Gully, calculate the peak discharges of the debris flows, characterize the debris flow disasters, propose mitigation countermeasures to control these disasters and analyse the effectiveness of countermeasures that were implemented in May 2019. The results showed the following: (1) The frequency of the debris flows in Zechawa Gully with small- and medium-scale will increase due to the influence of the Ms 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake. (2) An accurate debris flow peak discharge can be obtained by comparing the calculated results of four different methods. (3) The failure of a check dam in the channel had an amplification effect on the peak discharge, resulting in a destructive debris flow event on 4 August 2016. Due to the disaster risk posed by dam failure, both blocking and deposit stopping measures should be adopted for debris flow mitigation. (4) Optimized engineering countermeasures with blocking and deposit stopping measures were proposed and implemented in May 2019 based on the debris flow disaster characteristics of Zechawa Gully, and the reconstructed engineering projects were effective in controlling a post-earthquake debris flow disaster on 21 June 2019.

A decision support system for urban infrastructure inter-asset management employing domain ontologies and qualitative uncertainty-based reasoning

Urban infrastructure assets (e.g. roads, water pipes) perform critical functions to the health and well-being of society. Although it has been widely recognised that different infrastructure assets are highly interconnected, infrastructure management in practice such as planning, installation and maintenance are often undertaken by different stakeholders without considering these dependencies due to the lack of relevant data and cross-domain knowledge, which may cause unexpected cascading social, economic and environmental effects. In this paper, we present a knowledge based decision support system for urban infrastructure inter-asset management. By considering various infrastructure assets (e.g. road, ground, cable), triggers (e.g. pipe leaking) and potential consequences (e.g. traffic disruption) as a holistic system, we model each sub-domain using a modular ontology and encapsulate the interdependence between them using a set of rules. Moreover, qualitative likelihood is assigned to each rule by domain experts (e.g. civil engineers) to encode the uncertainty of knowledge, and an inference engine is applied to predict the potential consequences of a given trigger with location specific data and the encoded rules. A web-based prototype system has been developed based on the above concept and demonstrated to a wide range of stakeholders. The system can assist in the process of decision making by aiding data collation and integration, as well as presenting potential consequences of possible triggers, advising on whether additional information is needed or suggesting ways of obtaining such information. The work shows an intelligent approach to integrate and process multi-source data to pioneer a novel way to aid a complex decision process with a high social impact.

A Novel Construction Technology for Self-Anchored Suspension Bridge Considering Safety and Sustainability Performance

To promote sustainable development of civil infrastructures, minimizing environmental impact and mobility disruptions have been elevated to a higher priority during decision-making for bridge construction scheme. This study presents a novel temporary pylon-anchor (TPA) technology for construction of self-anchored suspension bridges by considering not only safety performance, but also environmental impacts. A practical assessment method and index of sustainability associated with bridge construction technology are established to facilitate the selection of construction schemes. The sustainability index takes the environmental impact, traffic disruption, onsite construction materials and equipment, onsite construction cost, and onsite construction risk into consideration. The sustainability index associated with both conventional and novel construction methods is assessed and compared in this paper. Specifically, a novel girder-pylon antithrust system (GPAS) is proposed, which is the crucial component of the TPA technology in engineering application. In addition, an analytical approach is developed, considering both global load-carrying capacity and local stress distribution within the design and construction of the GPAS. The applicability and rationality of the proposed construction technology are illustrated by the successful application in real-world engineering. The field tests and sustainability assessment during the construction stage reveal that the proposed sustainability assessment method and analytical approach can facilitate the implementation of sustainable construction for self-anchored suspension bridges by considering both construction safety and sustainability.

Impact Assessment of Urban Flood on Traffic Disruption using Rainfall–Depth–Vehicle Speed Relationship

The transportation network enables movement of people and goods and is the basis of economic activity. Recently, short-term locally heavy rains occur frequently in urban areas, causing serious obstacles to road flooding and increasing economic and social effects. Therefore, in advanced weather countries, many studies have been conducted on realistic and reliable impact forecasting by analyzing socioeconomic impacts, not just information transmission as weather forecasts. In this paper, we use the Spatial Runoff Assessment Tool (S-RAT) and Flood Inundation model (FLO-2D model) to calculate the flooding level in urban areas caused by rainfall and use the flooding rate. In addition, the rainfall–flood depth curve and the Flood–Vehicle Speed curve were presented during the analysis, and the traffic disruption map was prepared using this. The results of this study were compared with previous studies and verified by rainfall events in 2011. As a result of the verification, the result was similar to the actual flooding, and when the same rainfall occurred within the range of the target area, it was confirmed that there were sections that could not be passed and sections that could be passed smoothly. Therefore, the results suggested in this study will be helpful for the driver’s route selection by using the urban flood damage analysis and vehicle driving speed analysis.

Sustainable economic level of leakage in Norway and Sweden – manual of practice

Abstract Awareness of water's value, high water losses, occasional water shortages and increased costs arising from new treatment requirements has increased focus on reducing water losses. For water loss management, SELL (sustainable economic level of leakage), can be used. SELL includes not only the long-term utility costs and benefits, but also external social and environmental leakage costs, including traffic disruption during pipe repair and replacement work, carbon footprints and health risk effects from leaking pipes with inadequate pressure. The aim of the project was to adapt SELL to Norwegian and Swedish conditions and prepare a calculation model for SELL for use by water utilities. A spreadsheet was developed to calculate water balances and leakage. Another was developed for calculating SELL for the utility. The latter spreadsheet includes research-based default values if no local data are available. An uncertainty analysis was used to show how much input data uncertainty affects the result. The conclusions are that, when all externalities are included and new leak reduction techniques are developed, SELL is lower than expected. The authors believe that the manual will help significantly in fighting water losses, especially for small- and medium- scale water utilities.

Measuring the Topological Robustness of Transportation Networks to Disaster-Induced Failures: A Percolation Approach

This paper presents a framework that integrates network theory methods into infrastructure network assessment in order to investigate transportation network robustness from a topological perspective. The objectives of this paper are threefold: (1) develop a framework that can effectively measure network performance under different stress levels (hazard scales); (2) determine the constraints of infrastructure networks’ spatially embedded nature in network robustness assessment; and (3) characterize the percolation transition in infrastructure networks and systematically evaluate cities’ robustness, and in doing so provide an evidence-driven evaluation framework for urban resilience planning. In this research, 13 city and 3 state transportation networks were investigated through both the proposed simulation and an analytical framework. The results show that (1) certain theoretical methods, such as generating functions, do not apply to transportation network analysis due to their unique spatially embedded features; (2) different city and state transportation networks’ degree distribution and percolation dynamics display similar patterns; (3) critical percolation threshold identifies the robustness feature in extreme cases and provides an early warning for urban traffic disruption, and the robustness index accurately measures the network robustness from a holistic point of view; and (4) reducing network spatial complexity by decreasing the node assortativity will make the empirical simulation comply with the theoretical results, which unveils the source of spatial essence inherent in infrastructure networks. Through the validation of different transportation networks, the proposed robustness assessment framework is verified to be able to extend the robustness analysis to a general network.

Storm Water Sustainable Solutions in New Cairo Using Landscape Elements

Sustainability is one of the most important requirements and standards that is taken into consideration when establishing or developing a project. It is necessary to pay sufficient attention to urban planning and study. This involves a structured form of the city and the establishment of its own cities, connecting them with different communities, providing all social and economic services for the population as well as improving the performance of the city in accordance with international standards of urban planning.Storm water is the water that remains after rain, melted snow or floods. The effects of storm water is devastating on the environment, the economy and the social environment, especially in cities. In New Cairo, this problem is still ongoing with no implemented solution and receiving insufficient attention. New Cairo has faced the risk of flooding and major traffic disruptions in most of its main roads in 2018.In this research, an attempt is made to arrive at a merger between the elements of the Landscape and the infrastructure to find sustainable solutions. This solution can limit or prevent the existence of storm water problems and discusses the possibility of developing existing cities that have problems.This will be done through analysis, study of the problem, analysis of the case study and the soil, study the elements of the Landscape. Take in consideration that the data is up to date and the solution is possible to implement to solve the problem.

Go-Around Detection Using Crowd-Sourced ADS-B Position Data

The decision of a flight crew to undertake a go-around, aborting a landing attempt, is primarily to ensure the safe conduct of a flight. Although go-arounds are rare, they do cause air traffic disruption, especially in busy airspace, due to the need to accommodate an aircraft in an unusual position, and a go-around can also result in knock-on delays due to the time taken for the aircraft to re-position, fit into the landing sequence and execute a successful landing. Therefore, it is important to understand and alleviate the factors that can result in a go-around. In this paper, I present a new method for automatically detecting go-around events in aircraft position data, such as that sent via the ADS-B system, and apply the method to one year of approach data for Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport (VABB) in Mumbai, India. I show that the method is significantly more accurate than other methods, detecting go-arounds with very few false positives or negatives. Finally, I use the new method to reveal that while there is no one cause for go-arounds at this airport, the majority can be attributed to weather and/or an unstable approach. I also show that one runway (14/32) has a significantly higher proportion of go-arounds than the other (09/27).

Investigating the use of no-dig technologies for underground utilities in developing countries

Major cities in most of the developing countries are becoming increasingly crowded. Conventional open-trench methods are expensive and lead to traffic disruption. The domestic government is looking at alternative approaches to install and rehabilitate aging underground utilities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of awareness and utilization of no-dig (i.e., trenchless technology) methods, the potential of their future growth, and their impact on social costs in a developing country. A survey was first conducted to investigate the use of trenchless technology methods in new construction and rehabilitation of infrastructure projects. The pertaining impact on social costs was then examined. Survey data were analyzed, and the potential of future growth of using trenchless technology methods was investigated. It has been found that “horizontal directional drilling” is the prevalent trenchless method used, while “robotic spot repair” is the least utilized one among all the methods used for new construction or rehabilitation of underground utilities. The results also revealed that using trenchless construction has a maximum impact on the “travel/traffic delay” type of social costs. The “horizontal directional drilling” method has the highest potential of future growth in new construction, while the “lining of pipe” was ranked first among rehabilitation methods. The data analysis results have also revealed that a critical social implication of using trenchless construction methods is their limited disruptions to the society when installing or rehabilitating underground utilities. Such social disruptions include road closures, traffic delays, and detours resulting in noise and loss of access to homes/businesses.

Estimating Traffic Disruption Patterns with Volunteered Geographic Information

Accurate understanding and forecasting of traffic is a key contemporary problem for policymakers. Road networks are increasingly congested, yet traffic data is often expensive to obtain, making informed policy-making harder. This paper explores the extent to which traffic disruption can be estimated using features from the volunteered geographic information site OpenStreetMap (OSM). We use OSM features as predictors for linear regressions of counts of traffic disruptions and traffic volume at 6,500 points in the road network within 112 regions of Oxfordshire, UK. We show that more than half the variation in traffic volume and disruptions can be explained with OSM features alone, and use cross-validation and recursive feature elimination to evaluate the predictive power and importance of different land use categories. Finally, we show that using OSM’s granular point of interest data allows for better predictions than the broader categories typically used in studies of transportation and land use.

Agent Based Modeling for Flood Inundation Mapping and Rerouting

Abstract Natural disasters like earthquakes and floods can have a serious impact on road networks, which are critical to supply chain infrastructure and to provide connectivity. These extreme events can result in isolating people in the affected area from hospitals and emergency response. This paper presents an agent-based model for understanding flood propagation and developing inundation mapping. The results from the mapping are used to identify the roads prone to floods based on elevation data and flood simulation. A simulation environment was set up in SUMO, and the costs associated with the traffic disruption are evaluated. This paper discusses the integration of various techniques for a comprehensive flood prediction and rerouting system.

Modeling Traffic Disruptions during Mass Evacuation

Abstract This study develops a traffic evacuation microsimulation model that accounts for disruptions during evacuation. The proposed model considers vehicle collision related disruptions endogenous to the traffic simulation model. A rich collision data set ‘Nova Scotia Collision Record Database’ is utilized for the study. A Bayes theory approach is adopted to determine the most likely collision hotspots, which are coded within a dynamic traffic microsimulation model using a collision generation module. In total, six hotspots are identified that hinder evacuation traffic flows within an evacuation area. The results reveal that collisions significantly impact evacuation. For instance, collision-related disruption increases complete evacuation time by almost 50% compared to evacuation scenario without disruptions. Downtown street may anticipate a long queue of 1km just within the 3rd hour of evacuation. The simulation results will help emergency professionals to understand the network vulnerability to incidents and develop contingency plans to deal with uncertainties of evacuation.

The solution of traffic congestion during flyover construction at Antapani intersection in Bandung

The Construction of Antapani Flyover has caused traffic congestion. This paper is to find the solution of congestions to achieve the queuing standard allowed referring to PKJI 2014. The method of research uses deductive and inductive which are analysed using the risk analysis of traffic disruptions. The scope of analysis is focused on the two critical construction works, namely abutment and bridge wall works. The traffic congestion analysis considers the narrowing road due to construction disruption. The traffic congestion analysis was carried out by comparing the congestion of the existing construction with the construction method proposed. The three proposed alternative solutions are by the increasing road capacity, scheduling construction methods, and a combining solution those two alternatives. The results show that the best alternative solution to reduce traffic congestion during construction is a combined solution between the increasing road capacity and scheduling construction methods. The result of alternative solution shows the decrease of queue on Terusan Jakarta road reaching up to 90% from the existing condition. The conclusion describes that the narrowing road of work zones of construction has a huge influence on traffic congestion. By this result is suggested to consider the magnitude of disturbance as well as the solution of the traffic congestion that may occurred.

Method for the Rapid Replacement of the Travis Spur Rail Bridge over I-278 Highway

Rise in traffic volumes of urban highways over the last decades has led to an increasing need for widening both highways and access roads. The present case study deals with the replacement of the Travis Spur Rail Bridge to allow for larger width of roadways that lead to and away from the New Goethals Bridge, which connects Elizabeth, New Jersey, to Staten Island, New York, in the United States. The main objective of the project was to apply a rapid method for the replacement of the existing bridge, which was performed during the Columbus Day weekend (7-9 October 2017). Considerations of all existing constraints, which include high traffic volumes and limited space for material laydown and equipment positioning, are presented first. To respond to these challenges careful planning of the construction steps of the substructure (cap beams supported on circular piers) and the superstructure of the bridge (two-span steel deck) had to be carried out both temporally and spatially before the replacement weekend, which is described in the second part of the paper. The final part presents the different phases of the demolition / replacement process to minimize traffic disruption.

Impact of public transport strikes on the road network: The case of Athens

Abstract Public transport strikes comprise a form of traffic disruption affecting “normal” traveller behaviour, and result in the increase of traffic congestion, traffic accidents and air pollution. Travellers modify their trip characteristics in anticipation of strike effects, while their behaviour depends on various factors including individual characteristics, trip flexibility, available transport modes and attitudes towards them. This study explores the effect of public transport strikes on traffic conditions utilising loop detector data and, in particular, examining the impacts on traffic flow, mean speed and travel time. The city of Athens is used as a reference case. The analysis employs descriptive statistics, as well as the design of generalised linear models to capture the impact of public transport strikes on traffic conditions, and to define the contributing spatio-temporal factors affecting the impacts. Study results highlighted the increase of congestion as expressed through all explored indicators, as a result of the strikes. In particular, increased traffic flow (up to 30%), reduced mean speed (up to 27%) and increased travel times (up to 25%) were observed at the majority of the explored sites. Public transport strike coverage and time of day were found to be the dominant factors. Other contributing factors were found to be day of the week and site-specific characteristics including: the existence of tolls; site location relative to the centre of Athens; and the existence of traffic lights on the explored links. The results of this study can form the basis for the design and implementation of targeted countermeasures that mitigate congestion effects, as well as measures promoting green transport resulting in travellers adopting more sustainable trip routines in the city of Athens.

Markov chain modulated Poisson process to stimulate the number of blockages in sewer networks

Blockage failure is the most common type of operational failure in sewer networks that can cause loss of service and flooding, which can result in environmental pollution, health risks, property damage, and traffic disruption. There are currently very few blockage prediction models that are either deterministic in nature or depend only on static factors in predicting blockages. This study aims to overcome these drawbacks in the current blockage prediction models and proposes a methodology that aims to predict the expected number of blockages in sewer networks as a function of pipe conditions (dynamic variable) and pipe physical attributes (static variables) using a Markov chain modulated Poisson process modeling framework. The framework is applied to case study sewer network in the city of Sahab, Jordan, that contains information about the pipes’ physical attributes and their current condition. Bayesian analysis is then performed to evaluate the proposed framework.

Northam River Bridge, Southampton, UK: a life-extension maintenance project

The Northam River Bridge in Southampton, UK, carries the A3024 principal road across the River Itchen. The 1954 structure was a pioneer of early concrete post-tensioning techniques, with longitudinal prestressed beams held together both transversely and longitudinally with transverse post-tensioning. Works started in 2014 to address extensive water seepage that was potentially corroding post-tensioning elements. The need to avoid traffic disruption was a significant constraint in delivering the scheme. A post-tensioned special inspection to vulnerable details was undertaken when the main works contract started and a contraflow system was introduced. This revealed issues with the transverse tensioning that implied a need for reassessment. The outcome was that the majority of the structural elements were suitable for 40 t assessment live loading. However, there was a further requirement for measures to prevent any accidental wheel loading to the edge beams.

Experimental Behavior of Reinforced Concrete and Pretensioned Concrete Bent Caps

AbstractAccelerated bridge construction using precast bridge substructures can enable reduction of traffic disruption, increased worker safety, and increased quality through controlled conditions a...