Traditional Waste Management System Research Articles

Research on Ecoguard Solar Powered IOT for Efficient Garbage Tracking

Abstract: The "Eco Guard" project offers a novel way to improve the effectiveness of waste tracking and management by utilizing solar-powered Internet of things technology coupled with an ESP32 microcontroller. The inability of traditional waste management systems to precisely monitor waste levels and optimize collection routes results in resource waste and negative environmental effects.The Eco Guard project seeks to overcome these obstacles by putting in place a system that powers Internet of Things (IoT) devices with sensors for monitoring waste levels in real-time using renewable solar energy. The central processing unit is the ESP32 microcontroller, which makes it easier to gather, process, and send data to a cloud platform or centralized server.The Eco Guard project's salient characteristics comprise:Solar-Powered Mechanism: Utilizing solar energy guarantees continuous

Smart Wet and Dry Waste Management System Using IoT

Abstract: Waste management is one of the important aspects when it comes to avoiding diseases caused by unsegregated waste. Many people have lesser knowledge about what is wet and dry waste. The escalating global waste generation hasled to a pressing need for innovative waste management solutions that are efficient, sustainable, and technologically advanced. This abstract introduces a "Smart Dry and Wet Waste Management System" that leverages the Internet of Things (IoT) to revolutionize waste management practices. Traditional waste management systems often lack real-time monitoring and optimization capabilities, resultingin inefficiencies, environmental concerns, and increased operational costs. The proposed system aims to address these challenges by integrating IoT technologies, sensor networks, and data analytics into waste collection and disposal processes.The main objective is to automate the segregation system thereby removing the human intervention. The hardware components such as Arduino, sensors, LCD are used to build the system. The integration of IoT in waste management contributes to a cleaner environment, reduced operational costs, and increased overall efficiency. By preventing overflows, minimizing unnecessary collection trips, and promoting recycling practices, the system aligns with sustainable waste management goals. Moreover, the collected data can be analyzed over time to identify longterm trends, enabling continuous optimization of waste management strategies..

Enhancing Urban Waste Management: Development and Application of Smart Garbage Bin Technologies

With urbanization and population growth, the volume of waste generated is also increasing. Traditional waste management methods may become insufficiently efficient, necessitating more intelligent and sustainable solutions to meet this challenge. In traditional waste management systems, garbage trucks often collect waste according to a fixed schedule without considering the actual fill level of the garbage bins. This can lead to resource wastage and unnecessary carbon emissions. The research background of smart garbage bins is also closely related to environmental protection. By managing waste more effectively, reducing pollution to land and water sources is possible, contributing to achieving sustainable development goals. This study investigates the application of smart waste bin technology in urbanization, focusing on its potential in waste classification and environmental protection. The research encompasses three main stages: system design, prototype construction, and functional testing. In the system design phase, key components such as LED displays, ultrasonic sensors, and servo motors were selected based on functional requirements, and intelligent control was implemented using Arduino boards and the U8g2lib library. During the prototype construction phase, 3D printing and precise assembly were employed to ensure the effective layout of electronic components. The testing phase involved evaluating the performance of humidity sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and voice modules. The test indicates that the smart waste bins perform well in terms of sorting accuracy and ease of operation, but improvements are needed in real-time monitoring and user interaction. Overall, this study provides significant insights into the technological development of smart waste bins and their application in urban environments.

H2-rich gas production from co-gasification of biomass/plastics blends: A modeling approach

East Asia experiencing massive population growth, which will certainly challenge traditional waste management systems. In recent years, gasification has attracted much attention since it converts carbon-based residues into valuable gas and requires cheaper gas cleaning equipment compared to available technologies. This study presents an ASPEN plus model for simulation of steam co-gasification of polyethylene (PE) and pine (PI) using various temperatures (740–830 °C), steam/waste ratio, S/W (0.5–0.8) and PE content in the feedstock mixture (0–60 %). The predicted results were compared with the experimental data available in the literature, and a good agreement was achieved. In general, an increase in gasifier temperature and S/W led to higher H2 production and lower tar content in the syngas resulting from co-gasification process. Regarding tar conversion, increasing the gasifier temperature played a more important role compared to adding steam to the gasifier. H2 content and H2 yield gradually increased from 33.01 to 47.81 % and 48.09–57.76 g/kg, respectively, when PE increased from 0 to 60 %, which may be due to a greater amount of hydrogen present in PE. Over a PE content range from 0 to 60 %, tar concentration had a nearly linear increase, which can be attributed to lower oxygen content available in the mixture.

The Paradigm of Circular Economy and an Effective Electronic Waste Management

Zero waste management is a holistic concept that recognizes waste both as a resource and a measure of the inefficiency of our modern society. While the traditional waste management system considers waste an ‘end-of-life’ product consumption, zero waste challenges this notion by recognizing that waste transforms resources in the intermediate stage of the resource consumption process. In this context, the most critical aspect of creating a zero-waste city is shifting from a linear economic model to a circular economy. According to a recent study, only 9 percent of the global economy is circular (reused or recycled into products). The other 91 percent follows a linear model of making and taking waste. This study investigates the role of effective e-waste management as a crucial part of a circular economy. Accordingly, this study offers insights into the role of the circular economy by presenting a successful implementation of the circular economy.

Smart internet of things kindergarten garbage observation system using Arduino uno

<span lang="EN-US">Increase the in population and kindergarten number, especially in urban areas made it difficult to properly manage waste. Thus, this paper proposed a system dedicated to kindergartens to manage to dispose of waste, the system can be called smart garbage based on internet of things (SGI). To ensure a healthy environment and an intelligent waste in the kindergarten management system in an integrated manner and supported by the internet of things (IoT), we presented it in detail identification, the SGI system includes details like a display system, an automatic lid system, and a communication system. This system supplied capabilities to monitor the status of waste continuously and on IoT website can show the percentage of waste placed inside the bin. And by using a Wi-Fi communication system, between the system unit and the monitoring body, to collect waste when the trash is full. The smart system proposed in this paper is the most efficient system of traditional waste management systems because it reduces the use of manpower and significantly limits the spread of waste and fully controls it. Additionally, it can be linked via the IoT to the mobile, thus forming an integrated monitoring system.</span>

IoT-Enabled Solid Waste Management in Smart Cities

The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm plays a vital role for improving smart city applications by tracking and managing city processes in real-time. One of the most significant issues associated with smart city applications is solid waste management, which has a negative impact on our society’s health and the environment. The traditional waste management process begins with waste created by city residents and disposed of in garbage bins at the source. Municipal department trucks collect garbage and move it to recycling centers on a fixed schedule. Municipalities and waste management companies fail to keep up with outdoor containers, making it impossible to determine when to clean them or when they are full. This work proposes an IoT-enabled solid waste management system for smart cities to overcome the limitations of the traditional waste management systems. The proposed architecture consists of two types of end sensor nodes: PBLMU (Public Bin Level Monitoring Unit) and HBLMU (Home Bin Level Monitoring Unit), which are used to track bins in public and residential areas, respectively. The PBLMUs and HBLMUs measure the unfilled level of the trash bin and its location data, process it, and transmit it to a central monitoring station for storage and analysis. An intelligent Graphical User Interface (GUI) enables the waste collection authority to view and evaluate the unfilled status of each trash bin. To validate the proposed system architecture, the following significant experiments were conducted: (a) Eight trash bins were equipped with PBLMUs and connected to a LoRaWAN network and another eight trash bins were equipped with HBLMUs and connected to a Wi-Fi network. The trash bins were filled with wastes at different levels and the corresponding unfilled levels of every trash bin were monitored through the intelligent GUI. (b) An experimental setup was arranged to measure the sleep current and active current contributions of a PBLMU to estimate its average current consumption. (c) The life expectancy of a PBLMU was estimated as approximately 70 days under hypothetical conditions.

A CNN-Based Smart Waste Management System Using TensorFlow Lite and LoRa-GPS Shield in Internet of Things Environment

Urban areas are facing challenges in waste management systems due to the rapid growth of population in cities, causing huge amount of waste generation. As traditional waste management system is highly inefficient and costly, the waste of resources can be utilized efficiently with the integration of the internet of things (IoT) and deep learning model. The main purpose of this research is to develop a smart waste management system using the deep learning model that improves the waste segregation process and enables monitoring of bin status in an IoT environment. The SSD MobileNetV2 Quantized is used and trained with the dataset that consists of paper, cardboard, glass, metal, and plastic for waste classification and categorization. By integrating the trained model on TensorFlow Lite and Raspberry Pi 4, the camera module detects the waste and the servo motor, connected to a plastic board, categorizes the waste into the respective waste compartment. The ultrasonic sensor monitors the waste fill percentage, and a GPS module obtains the real-time latitude and longitude. The LoRa module on the smart bin sends the status of the bin to the LoRa receiver at 915 MHz. The electronic components of the smart bin are protected with RFID based locker, where only the registered RFID tag can be used to unlock for maintenance or upgrading purposes.

An Internet of Things Based Smart Waste Management System Using LoRa and Tensorflow Deep Learning Model

Traditional waste management system operates based on daily schedule which is highly inefficient and costly. The existing recycle bin has also proved its ineffectiveness in the public as people do not recycle their waste properly. With the development of Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), the traditional waste management system can be replaced with smart sensors embedded into the system to perform real time monitoring and allow for better waste management. The aim of this research is to develop a smart waste management system using LoRa communication protocol and TensorFlow based deep learning model. LoRa sends the sensor data and Tensorflow performs real time object detection and classification. The bin consists of several compartments to segregate the waste including metal, plastic, paper, and general waste compartment which are controlled by the servo motors. Object detection and waste classification is done in TensorFlow framework with pre-trained object detection model. This object detection model is trained with images of waste to generate a frozen inference graph used for object detection which is done through a camera connected to the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ as the main processing unit. Ultrasonic sensor is embedded into each waste compartment to monitor the filling level of the waste. GPS module is integrated to monitor the location and real time of the bin. LoRa communication protocol is used to transmit data about the location, real time and filling level of the bin. RFID module is embedded for the purpose of waste management personnel identification.

System solutions for the circular economy on the regional level: the case of Green Lungs of Poland

This study provides a comprehensive review of the literature within the last five years to capture the main concepts, features, perspectives and approaches of the circular economy, which has gained increasing worldwide attention. Systems theory is the theoretical basis of the research, and the antecedents to the circular economy are defined as mandatory elements of successful waste management systems alongside production, consumption, secondary raw materials and horizontal actions (innovation, investment and monitoring). The study looks at the waste management system at the regional level, namely the Podlasie region of Poland, and reveals dysfunctions of the traditional waste management system, such as local monopolies and limited freedom of business activity. Study findings suggest implementing the circular economy in the traditional waste management system in order to approach the latter holistically and encourage interaction between stakeholders rather than isolated actions and individual actors. The study provides implications for both theory and practice.

Intelligent Waste Management System for Recycling and Resource Optimization

This paper proposes a deep learning-based intelligent waste management system that can accurately classify waste types and optimize waste disposal processes. The proposed system utilizes a convolutional model to concisely identify the waste type from images captured by a camera system. Our system uses intelligent data augmentation to perform large datasets of waste item images and achieves a high classification accuracy rate. The waste types are classified into several categories, including glass, cardboard, metal, plastic, paper, and trash. Experimental results show that our system achieves high accuracy rates in waste classification and improves waste disposal efficiency compared to traditional waste management systems. Our system has the potential to significantly reduce the negative impact of waste on the environment and to promote sustainable waste management practices.

An Intelligent Solid Waste Management System using Internet of Things (IoT)

Waste Management is one of the hectic and troublesome tasks which require much man power. The traditional waste management system is time consuming and not cost effective. In this scenario, we are designing an intelligent system for solid waste management using Internet of Things. Our proposed system consists of an intelligent smart bin and a mobile application. The smart bin consists of a unique identifier (RFID tag) and an ultra-sonic sensor to determine the waste level of the bin. The mobile application is intended for two user categories: Normal user and Garbage collector. The normal user can locate the nearby dustbins whereas the garbage collector can remotely assess the bin level. When the bin is full, an alert message is sent to the garbage collector and also displays the shortest route to the bin location. It uses genetic algorithm for finding the optimized path from the user to smart bin. The entire connected components and communication is managed by a central coordinator. Our implementation and evaluation results claims that this model can be used as an alternative for the traditional waste management system. This system also ensures cost effectiveness and less time consumption.

Misconceptions and Inappropriate Solid Waste Management in Small Towns of Ethiopia: Bule Hora Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Solid waste challenge in developing countries, like Ethiopia, is aggravated by the malfunctioning of traditional waste management systems due to rapid development and the alarmingly increasing human population. Bule Hora Town, in Ethiopia, is among the most environmentally degraded environment due to the inappropriate traditional solid waste management system. Therefore, this study was intended to investigate the public awareness and concern to the ever worsening environmental pollution and why the traditional waste disposal systems can stay dominant in the town. Data were collected using door-to-door close-ended questionnaire by a simple random sampling technique. The findings showed that plastics and festal; fruits, chat leaves and vegetables; and metals and cans respectively made 48(+5)%, 18 (+2)% and 11 (+3)% of the solid waste pool. Variations in the awareness and concern to various environmental degradation among different age groups was clearly seen where people under the age of forty showed better understanding. Response findings showed that the dominant solid waste disposal system is open air burning (42%) followed by open field dumping (36%) showing that the current solid waste management systems is traditional and inappropriate. Moreover, 50% of the respondent above age 40 and 30% of the respondents below age 40 believe that open solid waste burning is a good and long stayed tradition; and it is also undeniable that 35% of the older people related burning of solid waste, particularly during the month of December, has a religion background, which actually is not.

Landfills – territorial issues of cities from North-East Region, Romania

Landfilling prevails in waste management options in Romania like others new EU members, being contrary to the concept of waste hierarchy promoted in recent years by EC. Waste disposal is done usually in non-compliant landfills and Government established a program to close these sites. This paper aims to analyse the transition from traditional waste management systems to an integrated system at national, regional and local scale. Assessment of landfills location based on buffer analysis (using GIS techniques) is made according to the proximity of five critical factors (CF) such as: residential area, industry & commercial units, agricultural lands, rivers & lakes, forest and protected areas, all these factors being sensitive to pollution. Thus, most of these old sites are badly or improperly located related to surroundings and only few have an acceptable location in the study area! Therefore, the proposed method can be a necessary tool in EIA studies of these environmental threats at regional scale.

Development of MSW collection services on regional scale: spatial analysis and urban disparities in North-East Region, Romania

The cities are facing illegal dumping of municipal solid waste (MSW) because the waste collection facilities do not cover the entire population. Furthermore, this sector is poorly developed in small towns or villages annexed to administrative territory units (ATU) of cities , MSW are disposed in open dumps polluting the local environment. This paper analyzes on the one hand the urban disparities on public access to waste collection services (WCS) in the North-East Region on the other hand, it performs a comparative analysis between 2003 and 2010 outlining the changes made in the context of Romania’s accession to EU. Also, it performs a quantitative assessment method of uncollected waste at urban level and correlated to demographic features of each city. Spatial-temporal analysis of waste indicators using thematic cartography or GIS techniques should be a basic tool for environmental monitoring or assessment of projects from this field in every development region (NUTS 2). The EU acquis requires the closure of noncompliant landfills, the extension of waste collection services, the development of facilities for separate collection, recycling and reuse according to waste hierarchy concept. Full coverage of urban population to waste collection services is necessary to provide a proper management of this sector. Urban disparities between counties and within counties highlights that current traditional waste management system is an environmental threat at local and regional scale.

Home and vermicomposting as sustainable options for biowaste management

Abstract Home composting (also known as backyard composting) presents some potential benefits for the industrial treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste or biowaste. Home composting avoids the collection of biowaste, reduces the impurities present in the waste being treated and, consequently, in the resulting compost, and theoretically decreases the material and energy needs of the process. However, self-composting requires a composting bin and pruning waste as bulking material as well as space in a garden or on a roof that is not always available. An alternative for the self-management of biowaste is vermicomposting, which requires less space and no bulking material. Both the home composting and vermicomposting methods were studied over an eight-month period to determine the quality of the compost produced, the capacity of the methodology and the resulting gaseous emissions. The treatment capacity of the composters used in this work was determined on a weekly basis. The vermicomposter had a treatment capacity of 50 g biowaste per L, whereas the home composter had a treatment capacity of 16 g biowaste per L. The home composter required the addition of 6.3 g of bulking agent per L of composter. The quality of the final product, compost, was similar in both cases, with each batch of compost having low metal content and a high degree of stability, with Dynamic Respiration Indices of 0.43 and 0.89 mg O 2 g −1 Organic Matter h −1 for compost and vermicompost, respectively. Gaseous emissions from home composters show the presence of 1.3 kg NH 3 Mg −1 biowaste and 1.35 kg CH 4 Mg −1 biowaste, values that are within the range reported in the literature for home and industrial composting, although N 2 O emissions, 1.16 kg Mg −1 biowaste, were higher. Gaseous emissions from the vermicomposters were lower than from the home composters: 3.33 × 10 −3 , 2.19 × 10 −3 and 3.66 × 10 −3 kg of pollutant Mg −1 biowaste for NH 3 , CH 4 and volatile organic compounds, respectively. No odours were detected for either system. Home and vermicomposting can be considered suitable alternatives to divert a portion of the biowaste from the traditional waste-management system.

Rural waste management: challenges and issues in Romania

Rural areas of the new EU Member States face serious problems in compliance of EU regulation on waste management. Firstly, the share of rural population is higher and it has lower living standards and secondly, the waste collection services are poorly-developed covering some rural regions. In this context, open dumping is used as an appropriate waste disposal solution generating complex pollution. This paper analyzes the disparities between Romanian counties regarding the rural population access to waste collection services in 2008 which reflects the geographical distribution of rural dumpsites in 2009. It examines on one hand , the role of waste management services to reduce illegal dumping and on the other hand, the dysfunctions of traditional waste management system from rural areas and their implications on local environment.

Environmental implications and market analysis of soft drink packaging systems in Mexico. A waste management approach

This paper presents a waste management analysis of the packaging systems for soft drinks in Mexico, with emphasis on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers. The work presented is part of a project sponsored by a consortium of Mexican industries that participate in the PET market, such as resin producers, bottle manufacturers, soft drinks producers, distributors, and plastic recyclers. Two different life cycle assessments (LCAs) were elaborated to provide insight on waste management scenarios and waste products comparisons, respectively. The first LCA was a description of the actual PET market and PET waste treatment in Mexico. On the second LCA, three systems were analyzed: PET bottles, aluminum cans, and glass bottles. Currently, these results are used in Mexico as a basis for environmental policy. PET bottle’s participation in the market has increased substantially in the previous years, and it is forecasted that this increase rate will continue. Due to this factor, there are some concerns about the environmental implications of PET usage. In order to analyze the waste management of PET bottles in Mexico, an LCA and a series of sensitivity analyses were conducted in order to understand: (1) the effect of different collecting distances in environmental impacts, (2) the effect of different recycling rates in environmental impacts, (3) the effect of different collecting rates in environmental impacts, and (4) the effect of different collecting rates with its associated distances in the environmental impacts. An optimal degree of PET waste collection was identified as a result of considering different collecting rates and distances. At this point, minimum environmental impact occurs. This is due to the excessive increase in environmental resources that is needed in order to collect higher amounts of waste by traveling longer distances. These results may pose significant implications on current environmental legislation and waste management policies in Mexico and can well be applied into other Latin-American and developing countries. Other results show that production processes represent the highest environmental impacts along the supply chain, which are considerably higher than those impacts related to transport and collecting activities. Because of this, the environmental advantages of waste management in Mexico can be significant as long as the material that is collected is also recycled. Results to be presented include specific impact data on electricity generation and transport in Mexico. This work can be used as a basis for decision making in environmental policy. Moreover, it provides technical grounds to demonstrate that under certain conditions, traditional waste management systems may cause higher environmental impacts than the environmental benefit/credit that they are supposed to deliver.