Traditional Textbooks Research Articles

Enhancing high school human evolution education: Harnessing “sapiens: a brief history of humankind” as an effective learning resource

Understanding human evolution can be challenging for students and may lead to misconceptions, often stemming from the learning materials employed. Current learning resources commonly include textbooks, images, and the internet. The popular science book "Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind" offers potential as an educational tool for teaching human evolution. This study aims to assess the suitability of "Sapiens" for high school Biology education and its potential as a resource for teaching human evolution in senior high school. Employing a qualitative descriptive method with a content analysis approach, data is gathered through documentation techniques. Primary data is derived from the documentation and content analysis of "Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind." Data analysis follows the model proposed by Miles and Huberman (1983), encompassing data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the book effectively addresses 7 out of 9 (77.78%) sub-topics of human evolution commonly taught in high school Biology. Importantly, the book replaces outdated terms like Pithecantropus and Megantropus paleojavanicus, found in traditional textbooks. Moreover, the book fulfills the five criteria for selecting learning resources as outlined by Djohar (1987). Consequently, "Sapiens" can serve as a valuable learning resource for high school Biology, particularly regarding the study of human evolution.

Digital tools in residency and continuing medical education within the framework of adigital media concept

There are currently many online resources for medical education during residency and beyond in anesthesiology, intensive care, pain, emergency and palliative medicine. From traditional textbooks and in-person events to learning platforms, apps, podcasts, simulation training and even virtual reality, there are many ways to supplement traditional residency curricula and continuing medical education. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been instrumental in making medical education content more accessible and, among other things, accelerate the transfer of knowledge.To include all colleagues in the goal of life-long learning using these modern tools, we recommend the development of adigital media concept that is individually tailored to each department of anesthesiology. First, the goals of the department should be defined, e.g., can existing teaching materials be made more digitally accessible for asynchronous learning? Then, department resources should be compiled, e.g., what learning platforms are already being used and if and how social media should play arole? One or more persons should be named responsible and maintain the new concept. In this context, it is essential to develop quality criteria to properly assess the digital content.With the support of the department, conventional teaching methods can be combined with new digital possibilities in residency education and beyond. In this way, individual shift models, various levels of participation in live teaching events and different types of learners can be taken into account. These diverse digital tools can enrich the training and further education of every team member in an anesthesiology department and will accompany us well into the future.

Lexical Analysis of Japanese Children’s Songs from the Perspective of Japanese Language Education

Japanese children's songs can be a valuable resource for adult learners of the language, Firstly, the vocabulary used in children's songs is predominantly high-frequency and foundational, with a large portion falling below the N2 proficiency level. By mastering the words and phrases found in these songs, learners can expand their conversational abilities beyond the confines of traditional textbooks. Secondly, the songs offer a balanced representation of positive, negative, and neutral emotions, reflecting the emotional range and nuances of the Japanese language. This exposure to diverse emotional expressions can enrich learners' understanding of language and cultural nuances. Moreover, the study's semantic analysis reveals frequent word associations and co-occurrences, which can help learners grasp the interconnectedness of Japanese vocabulary and the cultural contexts in which words are used. Importantly, children's songs are deeply rooted in Japanese culture, indirectly exposing learners to various cultural aspects, such as the appreciation of nature, the concept of transience, and the importance of harmony and interconnectedness. This cultural immersion can foster a deeper understanding and appreciation of Japanese values and traditions. Furthermore, the familiar melodies and sing-along nature of these songs can facilitate social bonding and interpersonal connections among learners and native speakers. Engaging in shared cultural experiences, such as singing nursery rhymes together, can create a sense of community and strengthen the bond between learners and the target language culture.

Characters are quantum numbers

Abstract Character tables represent an invaluable tool for applications of group theory in physics and chemistry. They are useful, among other applications, to carry out the projection of functions which later on constitute the basis to simplify the calculations and establish the selection rules. However, the physical interpretation of the character tables as quantum numbers is not visible. In this contribution we prove that the characters are indeed conserved quantities associated with the discrete symmetry of a molecule. In the process, the eigenfunction method of symmetry projection emerges in natural form, an approach not discussed in traditional textbooks. A non trivial example involving the octahedral group ${\cal O}_h$ is presented.

Evaluating Student Acceptance of Interactive Infographics Module for Arabic Grammar Learning Using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

Arabic grammar learning textbooks are often associated with lengthy and unfocused information. Text-only content contributes to students’ disinterest in learning and in-depth comprehension of a subject. Infographics have emerged as a substitute for traditional textbooks, offering a more engaging and straightforward way to deliver knowledge through basic technological applications. An interactive infographic module based on a website has been developed and practiced for students as an alternative to the problem. This study aims to identify the level of student acceptance of the interactive infographic modules based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and identify attitudes toward usage, readiness and behavioral intention for usage. A total of 72 students of Bachelor in Arabic Studiesat Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia were involved as survey respondents. To gather information, a set of questionnaires was distributed and an infographic website module was developed. The quantitative study’s data was descriptively analyzed using SPSS to assess how students accepted technology in terms of their attitude towards usage, readiness and behavioral intention for the module, and perceptions of its practicality and simplicity of use. The findings indicate that students who use technology have a high level of acceptability for the technology module and are prepared to continue learning Arabic grammar through the designed module because they see its advantages. The high ratings for these items indicate that the module improved their understanding of the material. The students’ interaction with the module was clear and easy to understand. They believe that a website-based interactive infographic module is an effective tool for learning Arabic grammar. This module is designed to supplement classroom textbook instruction. This study is considered a contribution to the use of technology in learning courses with extensive syllabuses that require conveniently available and better-understood supplementary materials.

Comparative analysis of Russian language textbooks for primary school using quantitative methods

Despite the intense scientific and practical interest in assessing the textual content quality of a school textbook, there is still no transparent algorithm and objective criteria for such evaluation. This article aims to outline objective linguistic criteria for textbook text assessment using quantitative methods on the example of one of the main components of a Russian language textbook, i. e. exercise texts. The analysis was performed on the material of 8 lines of modern Russian language textbooks for primary school and 1 line of the digital educational service Yandex Textbook. The research employed the methods of automatic natural language processing, statistics, and corpus analysis of texts. As a result, we propose an algorithm for analysing the text library of a Russian language textbook according to the criteria of structural and lexical complexity, genre, stylistic and thematic diversity, and the degree of correspondence between the text library and the current state of the Russian language. The obtained results form an idea of the textual content of a modern Russian language textbook for primary school. Moreover, they highlight the specific features of text selection for modern traditional and digital Russian language textbooks and resources. Finally, the research outcomes raise questions concerning the methodological optimality of certain authorial decisions when compiling the text library of a textbook. The results of the study will be useful to authors of school textbooks on the Russian language and specialists in educational and methodological work.

Examining Students' Attitudes Towards iPads as Interactive Multimedia Tools and their Impact on Learning Quality in Indonesian Private Secondary School

This study explores students' attitudes toward using iPads as interactive multimedia tools in learning Islamic education (PAI) and examines the impact of this approach on learning quality. With the growing integration of technology in education, understanding the effects of interactive multimedia like iPads on students' learning experiences is critical. A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving both quantitative and qualitative analysis. A sample of 123 students from grades 7 to 9 was selected through stratified random sampling from a school that uses iPads in its learning system. Additionally, ten students were purposively chosen for interviews based on varying levels of iPad engagement. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The findings indicated that students generally had a positive attitude toward using iPads in PAI learning. In both quantitative and qualitative assessments, students described the iPad-based learning as "fun," "interesting," "flexible," and preferred over traditional textbooks. Regression analysis revealed a significant positive effect of students' attitudes on PAI learning quality (Sig = 0.000 0.05). Qualitative data further showed that using iPads improved comprehension, learning effectiveness, and outcomes. The positive attitudes toward iPads suggest that interactive multimedia can enhance student engagement and learning in PAI. This study highlights how the use of iPads positively impacts both the learning process and outcomes, supporting more effective Islamic education. This research demonstrates that students’ positive attitudes toward iPads significantly improve the quality of PAI learning. The findings underscore the importance of incorporating interactive multimedia tools like iPads in teaching to enhance student learning experiences.

Design, development and testing of BodoRao—A markerless augmented reality application for endangered language in primary education

AbstractBackgroundAugmented reality can provide a 3D virtual experience, widely used in modern education. However, the impact of these applications on the underdeveloped tribal community has yet to be investigated. To our knowledge, no markerless augmented reality application has been developed especially for learning the language of the Bodo tribe. Therefore, we have developed a markerless augmented reality application—BodoRao to teach the alphabet and numerals of the Bodo tribal language.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the usability and efficacy of the BodoRao application. To investigate how augmented reality apps affect students' academic achievement in language acquisition. Also, assess the students' attitude towards using an augmented reality application.MethodA mixed‐method approach that combined quantitative and qualitative methods was used to gather the data. A total of 80 students drawn from two user groups: native speakers and non‐native speakers were evaluated, to determine if the BodoRao application can benefit a variety of speakers. Furthermore, from each of the user groups, experimental and control groups were formed. The experimental group used an augmented reality application to learn while the control group studied using a traditional textbook. Eight teachers were also interviewed to get their opinions on the BodoRao application.Results and ConclusionThe findings found a significant difference in the achievement test results between the experimental and control groups for both native and non‐native users. Students' positive attitudes toward the application were also observed, as represented by their high application satisfaction, low anxiety and readiness for use. Additionally, it was observed that there was a positive and significant correlation between the academic achievements and attitudes of native and non‐native students in the experimental group.

Receiving Non-Contact Information About the Object through a Mobile Application

The article introduces a mobile application that enables users to retrieve information about objects by simply approaching them with their phone. This eliminates the need for manual searching and allows for automatic retrieval of relevant information on the phone. This non-contact method of retrieving information makes it easier to preserve and utilize objects, saving time and resources. The mobile application that has been developed comprises of various modules such as object identification, object data collection and processing, database modeling, and information retrieval. It has been implemented using modern technologies and equipment using Java language. This application can be used effectively in multiple fields such as museums, parks, medicine, education, among others. In the field of education, this app provides additional resources and a more interactive learning experience that goes beyond traditional textbooks or presentations.

Patterns of Internationalising Higher Education and the Flows of Education Resources during the Late Qing Dynasty of China

During late Qing, neocolonialism was a serious phenomenon situated in the higher education, forcing universities to globalise and adopt foreign education patterns. Furthermore, there are also some outward flows of education resources, although there were more tints of inward flows of education resources. This paper aims to address two research questions: What are the patterns of internationalization in higher education institutions during the Late Qing Dynasty? To what extent, the higher education resources flow inbound and outbound during the Late Qing Dynasty? Based on the telephone interview with six professors of education history in China, it is found that as impacted by Western colonialism, Chinese universities showed a strong signal of globalisation in the late Qing. Meanwhile, some traditional teaching patterns and textbooks with Chinese characteristics were also used to stir the learning enthusiasm of local students. In the late Qing, inward/inbound flows of education resources were more evidenced than outward/outbound flows. This could be exemplified by some major sources of the textbooks used at universities. Specifically, the first source was the western teachers, who bought textbooks from the mother countries. The second source was many Chinese ambassadors to France and Britain, who sent back to China the original western textbooks. It is hoped that future study will focus on the patterns of internationalizing higher education and flows of education resources during Modern China.

Development of Body Safety Module Among Elementary School Students: Perception of Effectiveness on SDGS

Objective: Sexual education for children is crucial as it aids in their understanding and appreciation of their bodies. This research aims to develop a Body Safety Module as a teaching tool for primary school students. The modules were analyzed to determine perception of usability as well as their effectiveness. Methods: This study focuses on design and development research, adopting the five phases in the ADDIE model for the module development process. To evaluate the module’s effectiveness, 205 respondents were randomly chosen to complete a questionnaire. Furthermore, an additional 71 pupils participated in pre- and post-effectiveness tests. This study examined three specific aspects of validity: content validity, questionnaire validity, and the effectiveness of pre and post-test. Results and conclusion: The module received extensive professional review and agreement, showing a 93.73% agreement on the validity of the content. Meanwhile, the test of the effectiveness of the module using questionnaires reflected a validity rate of 93.3%. The questionnaire also demonstrated a high level of reliability (α = 0.766). Data analysis was performed using inferential statistics (T-test) and descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation). When assessing student perceptions of the module, a moderate level of agreement was found across various aspects: design (M 2.67, SD 0.51), satisfaction (M 2.36, SD 0.67), and usability (M 2.69, SP 0.52). There was a significant difference in mean scores between the control and treatment groups in post-test results. In this aspect, the Body Safety Module proved more effective than traditional textbooks for students. As a result, this module is an appropriate teaching tool for elementary school students. Research Implications: This module serves a broader purpose than merely a teaching tool; it is suitable for children aged from 7 to 12 years old. This early sexual education module delivers crucial knowledge and awareness, empowering children to protect their precious bodies and recognize sexual harassment instances. Gender equality is closely linked to the prevention of sexual harassment and abuse. The Body Safety Module addresses these issues by fostering awareness among children, regardless of gender, about their rights and boundaries.

A Study that Compare Traditional Classroom Teaching with Online Learning and Using Traditional Textbooks with Online Learning in Middle Schools

Due to its apparent centrality in several conceptualizations of how to address the digital divide, this study highlights the heterogeneous development of so-called online abilities. Three major performance evaluations look at how age, gender, educational attainment, and the effectiveness and regularity of using the Services affect results. Knowledgeable with the ways of the Internet. There seems to be a generational deterioration in one's proficiency with any given media. However, when comparing ages on content-specific talents, the older age bracket always comes out on top. Their inexperience with the medium is holding them back and will have disastrous results. Studies of digital literacy have paid little attention to this result, if they are aware of it at all. The capacity to make productive use of the Internet in technological and material settings seems to be strongly impacted by educational level. Previous research has shown that people learn digital capabilities best via a combination of classroom teaching and hands-on practise. Time spent online only benefits non-medium- specific skills. This would imply that prolonged exposure to digital media does not lead to gains in skill related to processing digital material, regardless of how long one spends doing so or how often. The latter has a smaller effect on general skill levels. The study examined the performance of male and female students in both virtual and brick-and-mortar classrooms. The research found that regardless of the kind of instruction used, there was a statistically significant variation in the GPAs of the participants based on gender. Male and female students had similar perspectives on virtual and conventional classrooms.

Effects of 3D Scans on Veterinary Students' Learning Outcomes Compared to Traditional 2D Images in Anatomy Classes.

Students often struggle with interpreting traditional textbook images and translating them to anatomical structures. This study aimed to compare the impact of 3D scans versus 2D images on students' learning outcomes when learning anatomical structures on skulls from horses and pigs. Furthermore, the correlation between spatial ability and learning outcomes using 3D scans or 2D images was examined. Second-year veterinary medicine students either used 3D scans or 2D images, annotated with arrows or numbers as learning material. Students' anatomical knowledge was tested before and after the learning session, and spatial ability was assessed using the mental rotation test. All groups improved significantly in the post-test. However, the differences between groups were not significant, suggesting that 3D scans do not necessarily lead to higher learning outcomes. The analysis of the correlation between spatial ability and learning outcomes did not prove that students with weaker spatial ability benefit from 3D scans. Students preferred 3D scans over 2D images despite similar outcomes, suggesting they are valuable for learning. However, results show that the introduction of novel learning materials likely amplified the impact of reduced learning time on the 3D group, as these materials necessitated additional time for effective comprehension and integration.

Reconceptualization of textbook with the metaverse: pre-service English teachers’ experiences and perceptions of designing TechBoox

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of designing English textbooks based on the concept of the metaverse and using the new term TechBoox, which is a combination of Technology and Boox (modified from book with a greater emphasis on box as a spatial concept). To achieve this goal, this study documents the creation of TechBoox by a group of 23 pre-service English as a Foreign Language teachers in their teacher training program, who have converted learning content and materials from elementary English paper and digital textbooks into a three-dimensional metaverse platform. Thereafter, the research analyzes the participants’ perceptions and experiences regarding TechBoox ideation and creation. This is done through a qualitative case study approach with refleciton papers and semi-structured interviews. The findings suggest, on the one hand, that TechBoox has the potential to overcome the limitations of the static and two-dimensional nature of traditional textbooks through constructability for enhanced immersion, as well as experiential learning via direct participation in avatar movements. On the other hand, the study identifies the technological limitations of the concept in generating immersive content, access devices, potential distractions, and the novelty effect, which highlights the important role of teachers in the metaverse. Based on the findings, this study highlights the critical role of teacher training initiatives of emerging technology integration in language eudcaiton.

Graphic Novels: An Embryonic Pedagogical Tool for Practical Subjects, Prolific art, and Second language; Substantiating Objectives of NEP-2020

Graphic Novels are the latent means of acquiring language skills in terms of acquisition of a second language and creativity in education, if it is brought as a part of syllabi in academics. Many small types of research are conducted on the GNs to find out the popularity of it over textbooks by librarians, using it in the classroom to teach English as a second language amongst Chines elementary pupils, minor research to teach the German Language with GNs, teaching vocabulary with it and so on. With the help of available outcomes of these relevant researches on the topic, the present research paper focuses on and identifies the scope for the pedagogical implications of it in instruction in the present scenario. Along with language skills, GNs introduce a wide range of knowledge of assorted subjects leading to creativity. Language is the predominant part of the GNs to be studied however, the emerging potential skills with the use of it in academics, could be developed by sighting the objectives of the present NEP 2020. Cognitive development is also stimulated with the help of GNs. The creativity in students with GNs has a good scope for skill development. The technicality, organized story, the format, and the illustrations are some of the areas along with the language that attracts the students to it than traditional textbooks. Graphic Novels have never been considered a serious piece of literature but a format. Usage of it in the practical subjects may result in better learning and generating good taught students than that degree holders. According to NEP-2020, the education should be skill-based; considering this objective the GNs exhibit a great amount of scope in learning with efficiency. Using it in the new syllabus for imparting the knowledge and flourishing the skills will prove it to be effective pedagogical means of teaching practical subjects as well.

A Study on the Use of Supplementary Materials in Teaching English Speaking Skills at Tuyen Quang School for Excellence

This study investigates the impact of supplementary materials on the development of English speaking skills among students at Tuyen Quang School for Excellence. Recognizing the challenges faced by non-native English speakers in achieving oral proficiency, this research explores how diverse and carefully curated supplementary resources can enhance the teaching and learning experience. By integrating multimedia tools, authentic materials, and interactive activities into the curriculum, the study aims to provide a comprehensive approach to language acquisition that goes beyond traditional textbooks. Through a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, interviews, and classroom observations, we examine the effectiveness of these materials in improving students' fluency, accuracy, and confidence in speaking English. The findings indicate a significant positive correlation between the use of supplementary materials and students' speaking performance, highlighting the importance of resource diversity in language education. This research underscores the need for innovative teaching strategies that cater to the dynamic and multifaceted nature of language learning, advocating for a pedagogical shift that embraces modern educational tools. The implications of this study are far-reaching, offering valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and curriculum developers aiming to enhance English speaking skills in similar educational contexts.

문제 만들기를 활용한 수업이 고등학생의 수학 학업성취도와 학습태도 및 흥미에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purpose of this study was to find ways to improve mathematics achievement, learning attitudes, and interests in mathematics learning after designing and applying a problem-making classes suitable for the first year high school mathematics subject. Methods The study was conducted on 60 students in two classes in the first grade of 00 high school located in 00 Metropolitan City where the researcher works. Based on the midterm exam results of the second semester of the first grade, two classes were selected, and one class was divided into a experiment group and the other class was divided into a control group, and 13 classes were conducted for about two months from October 12 to December 14, 2021. The research group (30 students) was in the class using a problem-making classes and the control group (30 students) was in the class based on traditional textbooks. Results Through these studies, the following results were obtained. First, it can be seen that students who participated in the problem-making classes were more effective in mathematics achievement than those who did not. Second, it was found that the experiment group applying the problem-making classes had a significant difference in terms of learning attitudes and had a positive effect in terms of interests. Conclusions In conclusion, the experiment group taught after applying the problem-making classes had significant differences in mathematics achievement, learning attitudes, and interests in mathematics learning.

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Churna for Constipation

Formulation and evaluation of herbal churna for constipation. • Churna is a very famous ayurvedic medicine for constipation. It is a traditional ayurvedic medicine. • The goal of treatment relives the cause of constipation and to promote regular and predictable bowel movement. • Regulates bowel movement. • Relieves frequent and chronic constipation. • Helps to pass stool more smoothly. • churna is a very famous Ayurvedic medicine for constipation. It is not a traditional Ayurvedic medicine. • It is a proprietary Ayurvedic medicine. It means that the formula of Kayam churna is not mentioned in any Traditional Ayurvedic text books. • The manufacturer of Churna, Sheth Brothers, formulated a combination of few Ayurvedic herbs that benefit in constipation, blended them into powder form and labelled it as churna. • As the standardization of herbal formulation is great concern for its safety and efficacy for that reason this work is aimed to formulation comparative evaluation of churna with marketed product. Churna, a traditional Ayurvedic formulation, has been used for centuries to treat constipation. The powder, composed of a blend of natural herbs and ingredients, stimulates bowel movements, softens stools, and relieves straining during defecation. With its natural and safe composition, Churna offers a cost-effective and minimally invasive solution for managing constipation. These abstract reviews the ingredients, preparation, and pharmacological properties of Churna, highlighting its potential as a natural remedy for constipation relief..

Evaluating the Effectiveness of the iPusnas in Enhancing Elementary Students’ Numeracy Skills

Background of the study: Integrating digital resources in education is increasingly important for enhancing student learning experiences and outcomes. This study examines the impact of using iPusnas e-books on the numeracy skills of fifth-grade elementary school students. Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of iPusnas e-books in improving the numeracy skills of elementary school students compared to traditional learning methods using textbooks. Method: A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group was employed. The sample consisted of two fifth-grade classes from SD Muhammadiyah 1 Wonopeti, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. One class served as the experimental group using iPusnas e-books, while the other served as the control group using traditional textbooks. Pre-tests and post-tests were administered to assess numeracy skills. Data were analyzed using T-tests and N-Gain tests. Findings: The results indicated a significant improvement in the numeracy skills of students in the experimental group compared to the control group. iPusnas e-books were more effective than traditional textbooks, as evidenced by higher post-test scores and N-Gain values. Conclusion: The study concludes that iPusnas e-books significantly enhance numeracy skills in fifth-grade students, highlighting the potential of digital learning resources to improve educational outcomes.

The effect of mobile image recognition-based augmented reality application on students’ acquisition of science processing skills and motivations to learn science

ABSTRACT With the development of mobile phone applications with innovative features, the application of mobile recognition technology, such as a mobile image recognition-based (AR) application, is becoming increasingly widespread. Mobile Image Recognition-Based AR connect nearby objects or other physical targets with digital information. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of using an image recognition-based AR application on students’ acquisition of science process skills and their motivation toward science learning. The study involved 56 students enrolled in two sections of tenth-grade female students in a private school in Jordan. Each section was randomly assigned to either the control group or the experimental group. The experimental group studied a unit from the biology textbook with image-based recognition content. In contrast, the control group studied the same unit using the conventional teaching method based on the traditional textbook content. The researchers administered a science both groups a science process skills test and a motivation toward learning science scale. Results showed that participants who used a mobile image recognition application to learn science had higher acquisition of all science skills and a higher motivation toward learning science than those who used the conventional learning method.