Traditional Tent Research Articles

An Image Encryption Algorithm Based on the Improved Sine-Tent Map

This paper makes use of the characteristics of initial sensitivity and randomness of the chaotic map to design an image encryption algorithm based on the sine map and the tent map. The sine map is used to improve the tent map; then, the improved sine-tent map is proposed. The traditional tent map proposed in this paper has an expanded control parameter range and better chaos. In this algorithm, bit rearrangement is adopted to further improve the improved sine-tent map, which can reconstruct the output value and expand the chaotic characteristics of the map. In this algorithm, the image parameters are connected with the algorithm to generate the key. In the encryption step, a method of replacing the most significant bit and scrambling-diffusion algorithm is designed to encrypt the plaintext image. Finally, the algorithm is simulated with the experiment and evaluated with analysis; then, the experimental results are given. The evaluation results show that the ciphertext of the algorithm has high randomness, strong robustness, and better resistance to differential attacks after comparison. The correlation of the ciphertext image pixels is very low, and the algorithm is highly secure as a conclusion.

A “polar contact” tent for reduced perturbation and improved performance of NIF ignition capsules

In indirectly driven Inertial Confinement Fusion implosions conducted on the National Ignition Facility (NIF), the imploding capsule is supported in a laser-heated radiation enclosure (called a “hohlraum”) by a pair of very thin (∼15–45 nm) plastic films (referred to as a “tent”). Even though the thickness of these tents is a small fraction of that of the spherical capsule ablator (∼165 μm), both numerical simulations as well as experiments indicate that this capsule support mechanism results in a large areal density (ρR) perturbation on the capsule surface at the contact point where the tent departs from the capsule. As a result, during deceleration of the deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel layer, a jet of the dense ablator material penetrates and cools the fuel hot spot, significantly degrading the neutron yield (resulting in only ∼10%–20% of the unperturbed 1-D yield). In this article, we present a hypothesis and supporting design simulations of a new “polar contact” tent support system, which reduces the contact area between the tent and the capsule and results in a significant improvement in the capsule performance. Simulations predict a ∼70% increase in neutron yield over that for an implosion with a traditional tent support. An initial demonstration experiment was conducted on the NIF and produced highest ever recorded primary DT neutron yield among all layered DT implosions with plastic ablators on the NIF, though more experiments are needed to comprehensively study the effect of the polar tent on implosion performance.

Thermoregulatory effects of swaddling in Mongolia: a randomised controlled study

ObjectiveTo investigate thermal balance of infants in a Mongolian winter, and compare the effects of traditional swaddling with an infant sleeping-bag in apartments or traditional tents (Gers).DesignA substudy within a...

Little Dixie’s Circus Cemetery

[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Often referred to as Little Dixie, the southeastern corner of Oklahoma is home to more than just customs stemming from Native American influences in the 1800s and southerners who later migrated to the area in the 1900s. Outside of similarities in agriculture, architecture, demographics, and politics resembling the American South, in one town you can add another unique feature to the list: the circus. Hugo, Oklahoma, the county seat of Choctaw County, has served as the winter home for traditional tent shows since the 1940s. The Miller family's Al G. Kelly and Miller Brothers was the first to call Hugo, Oklahoma, home, thanks to the support of local businessman and circus fan Vernon Pratt. While Pratt offered the Millers free water for their animals, it proved to be a good move for circus owner Obert Miller and his two sons, Kelly and D. R., as the family was looking for a warmer climate over the winter months. Soon after the Millers established Hugo as their winter quarters, other shows followed. In addition to the town's temperate climate, Hugo also has easy access to state highways, which run north and south as well as east and west, creating more options when planning circus routes. The Hugo-based tent shows often followed the agricultural harvest and brought entertainment to rural communities throughout the South. Through the years, approximately twenty circuses established winter quarters in Hugo, with notable owners such as Herb Walters, the Miller family, and Jack Moore all setting up shop in the Little Dixie town known as Circus City, U.S.A. As of 2014, only three traditional tent circuses continue to call Hugo home: Carson and Barnes, Kelly Miller, and Culpepper & Merriweather. Despite the boom and later decline of circuses in the area, Hugo continues to hold strong to its circus heritage. One distinct reminder of this heritage can be found while exploring the tombstones at the Mount Olivet Cemetery. In the 1960s, a section of the cemetery was established as Showmen's Rest, serving as the final resting place for circus entertainers, employees, and show owners from not only Oklahoma but all parts of the country. Wandering through row after row of unique markers and engravings sparked an interest in the people laid to rest there. Unanswered questions led to the development of an oral history project focused on preserving the culture of those with circus ties in the Little Dixie town of Hugo, Oklahoma. NOTE Photos and interview excerpts were recorded as part of The Big Top Show Goes On: An Oral History of Occupations Inside and Outside the Canvas Tent. Made possible by a 2011 Archie Green Fellowship from the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress, oral history transcripts, recordings, and images from this project are available at the Oklahoma State University Library and the Library of Congress American Folklife Center in Washington, D.C. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] We had a gentleman that worked for us, and he was just a drifter that came on as a teenager and ended up spending his whole life with us. His name was John Carroll, and he worked with the animals. And especially back in the old days, some of the guys that would come along, they were drifters and didn't really have family connections, and so the circus kind of ended up being their family and their home, and they spent their lives here. So John Carroll was one of those characters. He had lost his eye in an accident, and he received like an insurance settlement. I think it was seventeen thousand dollars or something, and he didn't have a family. About five or six years later, he passed away. And unbeknownst to my father, he had left this insurance settlement to my father. My dad didn't know what to do with it, and about that same time my uncle passed away, and that was in 1960. So he got the idea of making this place where circus people would be buried, because a lot of times circus people, like I say, don't have roots, and they would be buried in Timbuktu. …

EVALUATION OF NEW MATERIALS USED IN THE TENTS OF MENA – MACCA – K. S. A

This paper entitled Evaluation of New building material (Teflon) used in the tents of Mena –Macca – K. S. A. discusses the use of traditional tents in Mesher Mina, which are easily burn and the required alternative materials for fire resistant. Five materials were selected; experiments were carried out to choose the right ones. Membranes were selected Teflon coated glass fiber, a non flammable, not self-ignite, and resist fire, when burned it produces a small amount of non-toxic gases it. It was implemented in three phase.The paper consists of five sections. The first one is an introduction. The second section deals with the new building materials. The third section looks at the geography of Mena, and the old tents that were used there. The fourth section describes the stages of development of pilgrims, accommodation in Mena. And describes the details of the global architectural competition for the Project and the architectural design of tents, in addition to their relationship to its environment. And finally the results.

Evolution of the 'Modern' Transitory Shelter and Unrecognized Settlements of the Negev Bedouin

Abstract This study reviews the factors involved in the transition from the traditional Bedouin black tent to the tin shack. Many economic, social, and macro-political factors are involved in this transition. It is shown that in functional terms the tin shack is very similar to the traditional tent. However, compared with the traditional tent, the climatic performance of the tin shack is much worse, amplifying ambient temperature extremes, and increasing respiratory related complications. In spite of this poor performance, tin shacks have become the mainstream dwelling form of Bedouin settlements in the Negev during the last three decades.

A Manufactured Wilderness: Summer Camps and the Shaping of American Youth, 1890–1960 by Abigail A. Van Slyck

BOOK REVIEWS 1 - - - , lAManufactured Wilderness : I......,......,...............".... Abigail A. Van Slyck. A Manufactured Wilderness: Summer Camps and the Shaping of American Youth, 1890-1960. Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press) 2006) 296 pp.1 black-and-white photographs ) plans) hardcover) S34 951 ISBN o-8166-4876-X In her new book, A Nlamgactured fYildemess, architectural historian Abigail Van Slyck, a "failed camper" herself, sets out to understand the changing imperatives in the operation and design of summer camps in the United States, from their first appearance in the late nineteenth-century through the post-\Vorld \~Var II period. This book is not simply about the built environment of summer camps; it also examines the larger issues of race, class, and gender and how these questions shaped the material culture of camp life. In her introduction, Van Slyck argues for the importance of summer camps as institutions second only to public schools in touching children's lives. Indeed, this book illuminates an understudied area of architectural and historical inquiry that has deserved more attention. Van Slyck's astute analysis is carefully researched and elegantly written-even when the subject is as mundane as the personal hygiene of campers. In the introduction, Van Slyck explains hmv her "cultural landscape" approach differs from traditional architectural histories. She chooses to examine buildings within their built and natural context rather than in isolation, but buildings are only part of the story here. Van Slyck also explores what architectural historian Elizabeth Cromley has called "activity arenas," or areas \vhere campers played or worked. According to 58 ARRIS I VO LU ME NINI:.HEN 2008 Van Slyck, these activity arenas vvere neither necessarily permanent nor formalized, but they vvere nonetheless as important as buildings in understanding the camp's landscape. Thus, in defining architecture as "a process in which institutional priorities are translated into material form," Van Slyck shmvs that this process had less to do vvith aesthetics and named architects than with how camp directors and campers used space on a daily basis (p. x;-.cxi). No activity arena- from large-scale assembly buildings to troughs for human vvaste- is left unexamined in Van Slyck's engrossing study. Van Slyck's argument is that at first glance summer camps may appear to oppose the "artificiality of modern life" (p. 224). But, in fact, "manufactured versions of the wilderness implicitly worked to support and maintain modern culture" (p. 224). The first chapter, "Putting Campers in Their Place: Camp Landscapes and Changing Ideas of Childhood," initiates the analysis of this contradiction. This chapter traces the origins of the camp movement to military-style camps, vvhich promoted both manliness (to counteract the over-feminized Victorian home of male campers) and female patriotism (in girls' camps). Follmving the historic trajectory into the post-war years, Van Slyck shovvs how camps were artificial in their protective, picturesque landscapes. Subsequent chapters trace changing notions tovvard play. At the turn of the twentieth century, play tended to be unstructured, but as the century wore on, structured -and therefore, safe- play became more prevalent . This change paralleled nevv attitudes of children as "priceless." New building types emerged in tandem ,,vith structured activities; log cabins, for example, frequently functioned as spaces for making crafts. According to Van Slyck, these buildings evoked a preindustrial, frontier life, highlighting the artificiaJity of this "manufactured" wilderness. Van Slyck also discusses various types of housing and their placement within the camp landscape. Early efforts to use traditional tents were soon abandoned in favor of more substantial cabins that better resembled domestic architecture. The purpose of these cabins was to critique "unscientific" parenting, vvhich was blamed for bO')'S' bad behavior. According to Van Slyck, camp directors took an increasingly scientific approach-for example, taking measurements of boys at the beginning and end of the camp season, in order to counteract what they perceived as bad parenting at home. These home-like cabins, then, served as "seasonal surrogates," offsetting the influence of supposed negative factors at home (p. 122). Van Slyck explains that while early camps involved campers vvith food production, as time passed, kitchen technologies increasingly separated children from the adults who prepared meals. This section of her book relies...

Islam and the Gendered Discourses of Death

On a bright day in January 1987, my host in the Awlad ʿAli bedouin community in Egypt in which I had been doing research invited me to accompany him on a con dolence call. He knew how enthusiastic I was about visiting people who stillcamped in traditional tents in the desert, and this set of families, he assured me, lived in a beautiful area. The group's patriarch had died twenty days ago, but my host had been too busy to go so only his younger brothers had paid their respects. He had just heard, though, that the bereaved family was upset he had not come himself. So we drove off in his car, with his two cowives in the back seat, stop ping at the market town nearby to buy a fat sheep to take with us. As they loaded the beast into his car, my host complained about how expensive sheep had be come. The sound of its bleating in the trunk reminded me of trips to weddings, when sheep are also obligatory gifts.

New caves for old: Beduin architecture in Petra

Abstract The Bedul tribe of beduin live in the ‘rose‐red city’ of Petra in southern Jordan. As well as the traditional tents,’ they inhabit caves cut by the Nabataeans two thousand years ago, adapting them in simple but sophisticated ways. Many of the Bedul caves have overlapping uses which cannot be’ defined by a single function: some occupation is seasonal, and some for particular kinds of activities which would be difficult to trace archaeologically. There is evidence that the Nabataeans also lived in simply adapted caves. Study of Bedul re‐use of the ancient caves may provide clues to the Nabataean way of life.