Traditional Stabilization Methods Research Articles

INJECTION OF TWO-COMPONENT GEOPUR RESIN FOR STRENGTHENING SANDY SOILS

The article explores the use of GEOPUR, a two-component polyurethane resin, for strengthening sandy soils. It highlights the process of soil stabilization through high-pressure grouting, which improves water resistance, stabilizes soil structures, and enhances anchoring strength. The research investigates the application of this resin in consolidating weak, loose soils and its effect on their physical and mechanical properties. Laboratory experiments were conducted on sand samples to simulate real-world conditions, testing the resin's effectiveness in improving soil density, compressive strength, and overall stability. The study analyzes how the resin's expansion within the soil structure impacts soil behavior, concluding that the GEOPUR resin significantly enhances the soil's load-bearing capacity. Various parameters, such as the volume of injected resin, consolidation efficiency, and the strength-density relationship, are evaluated to provide practical recommendations for soil stabilization using this innovative material. The findings demonstrate the resin's potential in geotechnical applications, particularly in situations where traditional stabilization methods are not feasible or efficient. The article concludes with suggestions for optimizing the resin injection process to maximize its effectiveness in both laboratory and field conditions, making it a promising solution for future ground improvement projects.

Modifying Expansive Soil Characteristics with Xanthan Biopolymer Integration

Abstract: Expansive soils pose significant challenges in various engineering projects due to their tendency to swell and shrink with changes in moisture content. Traditional stabilization methods often come with environmental and economic drawbacks. This research paper explores the potential of xanthan biopolymer, a polysaccharide of microbial origin (Xanthomonas Campestris), as a sustainable and effective alternative for altering the engineering properties of expansive soils. Through laboratory experiments and analysis, the paper investigates the influence of xanthan biopolymer on key soil properties such as swelling behaviour, shear strength, and permeability. The findings provide insights into the feasibility and efficacy of using xanthan biopolymer for soil stabilization, offering a promising avenue for sustainable geotechnical engineering practices.

Advancements in pelvic ring fracture surgery: Assessing INFIX screw placement accuracy with CT navigation

The management of unstable pelvic ring fractures, typically resulting from high-energy trauma, presents a significant clinical challenge due to the complexity of injuries. While effective in many cases, the traditional stabilization methods are fraught with various complications that can significantly impact patient recovery and quality of life (QOL). This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and precision of the anterior subcutaneous internal fixator (INFIX) technique when used with intraoperative computed tomography (CT) navigation, a novel approach intended to mitigate the limitations of conventional treatment modalities.Our retrospective case series encompasses 43 patients who sustained traumatic pelvic injuries and were subsequently treated with the INFIX technique from December 2020 to January 2024. The focus of this analysis was to assess the accuracy of INFIX screw placement facilitated by intraoperative CT navigation.A total of 81 INFIX screws were inserted, and our study findings reveal a high level of precision in screw placement, with only one screw deviating, resulting in an inaccuracy rate of merely 1.2 %. This highlights the significant advantage provided by intraoperative CT navigation. The high level of accuracy not only enhances the stability of the pelvic fixation but also substantially reduces the risk of complications commonly associated with screw misplacement, such as abdominal damage, vascular injury, and issues related to incorrect hardware positioning.In conclusion, the integration of the INFIX technique with intraoperative CT navigation in the treatment of unstable pelvic ring fractures represents a significant advancement in orthopedic trauma surgery. This study provides compelling evidence supporting the efficacy and precision of this approach, suggesting its potential as a superior alternative to traditional fixation methods. Further research, ideally through prospective studies involving larger patient cohorts, is needed to validate these findings and explore the long-term implications of this technique on patient recovery and QOL.

PALM OIL FUEL ASH (POFA) AS AGRO-WASTE TO MODERN STABILIZATION ON SUBGRADE

Subgrades in low bearing capacity are often improved by traditional stabilization methods using cement and lime, that have problems with environmental issues. Because processes cement production released Carbondi-oxide (CO2) to the air. Instead, a modern stabilization is known as environmentally friendly materials, such as POFA as agro-waste. The purpose of the research was to obtain the strength of soil by adding 20% POFA. Measurement the samples consist soil properties test and CBRsoaked tests and microscopic observation (SEM). The test results obtained that added 20% POFA was able to changed soil characteristics by reduce the plasticity index of 11.20% to 3.63%% or medium to low plasticity. Then occurred decrease the MDD of 1.83 to 1.68 gr/cm3 and increase the OMC of 13.60% to 17.0%. The CBR soaked test obtained was increase the strength soil stabilization until curing of 7 days to exhibited CBR value of 3.25% to 8%. It was comply to value CBR standard for subgrade, minimum of 6%. Microscopic observations showed that the surface was coarser and POFA looks like closed togeth-er that filling the pores of soil and looks more dense. Thus, the POFA is feasible for exhibition as alternative modern stabilization material.

Assessing the effect of lime-zeolite on geotechnical properties and microstructure of reconstituted clay used as a subgrade soil

This study investigates the replacement of conventional stabilizers with eco-friendly alternatives, with a specific focus on enhancing pavement subgrade applications. This research aims to evaluate the impact of lime-zeolite treatment on the properties of clayey subgrades and its potential to outperform traditional stabilization methods. Various tests, such as Proctor compaction, Atterberg limits, swelling, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS), were performed considering the plasticity index variation. Optimal zeolite replacement led to significant improvements in the clayey soils' behavior. It reduced the plasticity index by up to 9.4% and almost eliminated swelling. Furthermore, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values were enhanced by up to 7.56 times when compared to untreated soil. Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) tests indicated substantial increases in primary wave velocity (Vp) and constrained modulus (Mv), reaching values of 2650 m/s and 9600 MPa, respectively, representing improvements of around 6.5 times and 50 times over untreated clay. The results highlight the remarkable efficacy of lime-zeolite substitution, particularly at a 25% replacement level. The improvements in plasticity, swelling, and strength characteristics signify the potential of this eco-friendly approach in pavement subgrade enhancement. The significant increases in UPV parameters provide insights into the improved structural integrity of the treated soils. This innovative approach offers valuable contributions to pavement subgrade design by addressing plasticity, swelling, and strength issues in clayey soils, ultimately leading to more sustainable and effective infrastructure projects.

Experimental Studies and Sustainability Assessments of Quarry Dust for Chemical Treatment of Expansive Soils

Abstract Civil infrastructure constructed on expansive soils undergoes distress and loss of serviceability because of damage caused by moisture-induced volumetric changes. Traditional stabilization methods that employ calcium-based stabilizers are widely used mitigate the volume change-related distresses, but they increase the carbon footprint and emission of greenhouse gases during production and construction stages, compromising the treatment’s sustainability. This research study was designed to use silica-rich waste products, such as a quarry dust admixture with a calcium-based stabilizer, to enhance the performance of problematic soils and improve the sustainability of the system. An array of engineering tests, including unconfined compressive strength tests before and after moisture conditioning, one-dimensional free swell tests, and linear shrinkage tests, were performed on untreated and treated soils. Test results showed that the utilization of quarry dust as a co-additive significantly improved the strength and durability of the soil and reduced the shrink-swell potential to a greater extent than lime treatment alone. The sustainability assessment was then performed, which showed that the application of quarry dust can be considered a sustainable alternative that helps reduce the geoenvironmental problems related to handling and stockpiling waste products in landfills. Overall, silica-rich waste products have the potential to be appropriate and sustainable additives that work well with a traditional calcium-based stabilizer to modify expansive soil.

Design of input assignment and feedback gain for re‐stabilizing undirected networks with High‐Dimension Low‐Sample‐Size data

AbstractThere exists a critical transition before dramatic deterioration of a complex dynamical system. Recently, a method to predict such shifts based on High‐Dimension Low‐Sample‐Size (HDLSS) data has been developed. Thus based on the prediction, it is important to make the system more stable by feedback control just before such critical transitions, which we call re‐stabilization. However, the re‐stabilization cannot be achieved by traditional stabilization methods such as pole placement method because the available HDLSS data is not enough to get a mathematical system model by system identification. In this article, a model‐free pole placement method for re‐stabilization is proposed to design the optimal input assignment and feedback gain for undirected network systems only with HDLSS data. The proposed method is validated by numerical simulations.

Real-Time Digital Video Stabilization of Bioinspired Robotic Fish Using Estimation-and-Prediction Framework

The rhythmic movement of bioinspired robotic fish brings about undesirable visual jitter. Note that the unstable camera path of this kind of robot is characterized by obvious regularity and predictability, of which traditional stabilization methods have not made full advantage. This article proposes a novel estimation-and-prediction framework for real-time digital video stabilization of bioinspired robotic fish. First, based on the attitude information of an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a camera–IMU model is established, where the homography transformation with eight degrees of freedom (DOFs) is reduced to translation transformation with two DOFs. Second, traditional optical flow and gray projection methods as well as a novel translation estimation network are employed to estimate the translations between consecutive frames. Third, a lightweight long short-term memory (LSTM) network is constructed, allowing remarkable prediction and smoothing of the camera path. Finally, aquatic experiments under various scenarios are conducted on a manta-inspired robot, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method. Specifically, compared with the state-of-the-art commercial offline stabilization software, our online stabilization algorithm achieves approximate visual stability and remarkably faster stabilization speed. The obtained results shed light on visual sensing and control applications of bioinspired underwater vehicles.

Глобальна ентропія та поведінкові реакції економічних агентів в умовах пандемії СОVID-19

The shock increase in global entropy is caused by the lack of reliable information about the factors that determine the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis of correlations indicates a significant weakening of the relationship between the number of infected and deaths, as well as the dynamics of economic activity, which began to recover in July-August 2020. There is a direct relationship between the level of information uncertainty and the economic activity of agents. The lack of information about the COVID-19 pandemic is offset by the formation of an information space for forecasts and scenarios that formed the overall picture of process controllability. At different stages of the pandemic the behavioral reactions of economic agents are represented by: ignoring the danger of a pandemic; an attempt to protect your economic system from changes; using traditional stabilization methods; the formation of a strategic approach to the organization of economic activity.

Temperature and Duration Impact on the Strength Development of Geopolymerized Granulated Blast Furnace Slag for Usage as a Construction Material

AbstractThrough the process of extracting iron from iron ore, a by-product is generated known as granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS). Traditional stabilization methods such as cement stabilization...

Mathematical modelling of physical processes in a synchronous generator with permanent magnets for output voltage stabilization circuits

When some consumers are powered from independent sources of electric energy, there is needed stabilization of output voltage on the generator in a wide range of load current changes. The use of traditional stabilization methods in the power supply systems with electric machines does not always provide the required level of the supply voltage. The use of synchronous magnetoelectric generators in voltage stabilization circuits is of particular interest in this regard. For determining the possibility of their use, the operating conditions of electric machines were analyzed, the main factors affecting their external characteristics when varying the load level were identified. The studies were based on the mathematical model that ultimately made it possible to obtain dependences convenient for use in engineer.

Effect of Storage Life of Rice Bran on the Quality of Oil

Rice is one of the staple food in Bangladesh. The most important milling by-product of rice is ‘rice bran' which is an excellent source of edible oil. Due to the poor storage facility in the rice milling industry, the quality of rice bran gets deteriorates rapidly. This study examines the deterioration level of rice bran during the storage period in average room temperature (31°C). Raw, partially parboiled and parboiled rice bran was collected right after milling. Oil is extracted by ‘hexane solvent extraction' method from the 1st day of storage period for one week with the interval. Free fatty acid level, lipase activity, Iodine value and the pH value was determined from the collected rice bran oil. The preliminary result of this study showed that the deterioration level is rapidly increased during the 1 week of storage and the maximum deterioration level was found in raw rice bran. The free fatty acid (FFA) level, the degree of unsaturation and pH was respectively 17.25%, 92g Iodine/100ml oil and 3.10, whereas in parboiled rice bran it was respectively 4.23%, 101.1g Iodine/100ml oil and 6.23. Since the parboiled rice bran undergoes through a traditional stabilization method of parboiling and drying before milling, it might be a reason for the lower level of deterioration. The oil collected right after milling also showed a lower lipase activity. This study can be concluded by considering that, the less the storage time the better is the quality of the oil.

New Stabilization of Continuous‐Time Delayed Systems Based on Partially Delay‐Dependent Controllers

AbstractIn this paper, a new approach is developed to discuss the stabilization problem for a class of continuous‐time delayed systems, which is firstly achieved by a kind of partially delay‐dependent controller. The main property of the desired controller is that both non‐delay and delay states are contained. Different from the traditional stabilization methods realized by totally non‐delay or delay state feedback controllers, both non‐delay and delay states are contained but take place asynchronously, where the probability distributions of such terms are considered in the controller design process. Based on the established model, new stabilization conditions depending on such probabilities are presented with linear matrix inequality forms. Moreover, another general case in terms of probability having uncertainty is also considered. Finally, numerical examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the design methods.

Nonlinear stability of gravitationally unstable, transient, diffusive boundary layers in porous media

AbstractThe linear stability of transient diffusive boundary layers in porous media has been studied extensively for its applications to carbon dioxide sequestration. The onset of nonlinear convection, however, remains understudied because the transient base state invalidates the traditional stability methods that are used for autonomous systems. We demonstrate that the onset time of nonlinear convection, $t=t_{\mathit{on}}$, can be determined from an expansion that is two orders of magnitude faster than a direct numerical simulation. Using the expansion, we explore the sensitivity of $t_{\mathit{on}}$ to the initial perturbation magnitude and wavelength, as well as the initial time at which a perturbation is initiated. We find that there is an optimal initial time and wavelength that minimize $t_{\mathit{on}}$, and we obtain analytical relationships for these parameters in terms of aquifer properties and initial perturbation magnitude. This importance of the initial perturbation time and magnitude is often overlooked in previous studies. To investigate perturbation evolution at late-times, $t>t_{\mathit{on}}$, we perform direct numerical simulations that reveal two unique features of transient diffusive boundary layers. First, when a boundary layer is perturbed with a single horizontal Fourier mode, nonlinear mechanisms generate a zero-wavenumber response whose magnitude eventually surpasses that of the fundamental mode. Second, when a boundary layer is simultaneously perturbed with many Fourier modes, the late-time perturbation magnitude is concentrated in the zero-wavenumber mode, and there is no clearly dominant, non-zero, wavenumber. These unique results are further interpreted by comparison with direct numerical simulations of Rayleigh–Bénard convection.

Comparison of mineral-based amendments for ex-situ stabilization of trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Mo, Ni, Zn) in marine dredged sediments: A pilot-scale experiment

Trace element pollution of marine dredged sediments is an emerging problem all over the world. Comparing to other wastes, trace elements stabilization is more difficult both due to the wide range of contaminants present in the marine sediments and their inherent physicochemical properties. In this study, a pilot-scale experiment was performed to stabilize As, Cd, Cu, Mo, Ni, and Zn in a multi-contaminated sediment sample using hematite, zero-valent iron and zeolite. Results showed that iron-based amendments were able to reduce the leaching and the bioavailability of trace elements in the sediment sample, while zeolite was unsuitable. Chemical stabilization through iron-based amendments seems to be a promising approach as a low-cost alternative to traditional stabilization methods involving chemical reagents.

Tartrate stabilization of wines

Sediments of potassium bitartrate, and in a lesser extent calcium tartrate, are some of the most common causes of instability in bottled wines. The most traditional stabilization method is cold stabilization whose effectiveness depends on wine composition and it's time and energy consuming. In this review, besides the aforementioned method, ion exchange, electrodialysis and the use of authorised additives as metatartaric acid, mannoproteins or carboxymethylcellulose are discussed. Finally, a cost assessment reveals that ion exchange is the cheapest technology and mannoproteins the higher-priced additive.

Unsteady fluid–solid interaction by a kernel‐based particle method

AbstractA Lagrangian stabilized particle method is adopted for the simulation of unsteady fluid flow and gas dynamics. The velocity field smoothing technique, which was successfully implemented for reducing zero energy modes and tensile instabilities in solid problems, is used for the stabilization of the fluid phase. In this method a smoothing technique has been applied and the field values in particles are prevented from excessive jumps due to instability. This approach can replace traditional stabilization methods such as the artificial viscosity approach. In this paper, the corrective smoothed particle method has been implemented for solving governing partial differential equations of fluid. Also a modification in basic governing equations is performed on boundary interfaces to conserve mass and energy quantities. The method is implemented and verified in one‐ and two‐dimensional compressible flow problems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.