Social Traditions Research Articles

Leaving the State of Nature. Strengths and Limits of Kant’s Transformation of the Social Contract Tradition (online first)

I first outline how Kant’s ideal account of rightful external freedom transforms the social contract tradition as found in the works of Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau, before proposing a way to see Kant’s two-layered non-ideal theory as complementing his ideal theory of rightful freedom. This enables us to envision a conception of rightful external freedom and of rightful human freedom in particular societies. These arguments also show us the importance of realizing that the four possible political conditions for Kant – anarchy, barbarism, despotism, and republic – are ideas of reason, which means that they are never perfectly realized. Hence, historical societies are not either in the state of nature or in civil society, and in historical republics, there are pockets of injustice or pockets devoid of justice that can only be captured by means of one of the three political ideas that are not constitutive of the republican legal-political framework.

Leaving the State of Nature. Strengths and Limits of Kant’s Transformation of the Social Contract Tradition

I first outline how Kant’s ideal account of rightful external freedom transforms the social contract tradition as found in the works of Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau, before proposing a way to see Kant’s two-layered non-ideal theory as complementing his ideal theory of rightful freedom. This enables us to envision a conception of rightful external freedom and of rightful human freedom in particular societies. These arguments also show us the importance of realizing that the four possible political conditions for Kant – anarchy, barbarism, despotism, and republic – are ideas of reason, which means that they are never perfectly realized. Hence, historical societies are not either in the state of nature or in civil society, and in historical republics, there are pockets of injustice or pockets devoid of justice that can only be captured by means of one of the three political ideas that are not constitutive of the republican legal-political framework.

Language and gestures of parents towards children – legal aspects of assessing parents competences in court proceedings

Family is defined, among other things, as “a spiritual union of a small group of people gathered in a common hearth through acts of mutual assistance and care, based on belief in real or presumed biological connection, family and social tradition”. Educational psychology perceives the family from the point of view of the child’s interests as its natural educational environment. The relationship between parents has a significant impact on the emotions that parents direct towards their children. Minors analyze every behavior of their parents; sometimes they imitate them, repeating adults’ words or gestures, other times they deny the parent’s behavior and avoid contact with him. Parents’ attitude towards minor children shapes their future and may generate repeated negative and positive behavior patterns. In court proceedings, one can notice an increased tendency to downplay the father’s role in the process of raising the child or to deny the mother’s overprotective attitude towards the child. Neither of the parents is “indebted to each other” and is guided by the principle of positive self-presentation before the court while depressing the attitude of the other parent.

The Meaning of Sarong in Madurese Culture: A Symbolic Analysis of Films on YouTube Mata Pena

The purpose of this research is to examine the symbolic meaning of the Madurese sarong as a cultural symbol in short films featured on the YouTube channel Mata Pena. The background of this research highlights the significance of the sarong as a symbol of identity and a representation of cultural values in Madurese society. The sarong is not only viewed as an item of clothing but also as a marker of social status, tradition, and honor passed down through generations. This research employs a qualitative method with a semiotic analysis approach based on Charles Sanders Peirce's theory, focusing on three main elements: sign, object, and interpretant. This framework is used to understand how the meaning of the sarong is constructed within cultural and social contexts. The findings reveal that the Madurese sarong carries profound meaning, both as a symbol of social status and cultural identity and as a representation of tradition, politeness, religion and honor in Madurese society. Keyword: Sarong, Semiotics, Cultural Identity, Madura, Short Film

Hegemonic Masculinity and its Manifestations in Wajdi Al-Ahdal's Novel A Land without Jasmine

The research aims to discuss the concept of hegemonic masculinity and its influence on societies. It tries to explain the origin of hegemonic masculinity's concept, and how the thinkers, and philosophers discussed this term, and what they wrote about it. It discusses many concepts such as masculinity, patriarchal system and tribal society, and as well as the status of women in the Yemeni society. It also explores aspects of hegemonic masculinity through the events of Wajdi Al-Ahdal's novel A Land without Jasmine. This research is divided into introduction and three sections; the first discusses the concept of hegemonic masculinity, the second explains the hegemonic masculinity and Patriarchal culture in the Yemeni society, the third clarifies manifestations of hegemonic masculinity, such as early marriage and depriving women of education and the conclusion. This research reached many results such as Yemeni society is considered a male-dominated society and the system that prevails in it is the patriarchal system. Furthermore, upbringing and social traditions have contributed to reinforcing a culture of male dominance in society.

Implementation of Policy for Supervision and Control of Sales of Alcoholic Beverages in Jayapura City, Papua Province

The circulation of alcoholic drinks in Jayapura City is increasingly widespread and can even be said to be out of control. Alcoholic drinks are openly sold in shophouses adjacent to housing or residential areas of community members. The implementation of the Regional Regulation on Alcoholic Drinks in Jayapura City has not been successful in lowering the amount of alcoholic beverages in circulation. The purpose of this study is to determine what factors impede the implementation of the policy for supervision and control of sales of alcoholic beverages in Jayapura City, Papua Province, as well as issues pertaining to its implementation throughout the city. Descriptive and qualitative research methods were employed in this study. Techniques for documentation, interviews, and observation were used to gather data. The findings of the study demonstrate that this strategy may be effective provided it is backed by thorough and unambiguous policy text as well as an environment that is favorable to its implementation, such as agency cooperation, community involvement, and enough funding. However, a number of obstacles prevent theJayapura City's application of this policy, including economic and political interests that support the sustainability of the alcohol industry, a community culture that considers alcohol to be part of social tradition, as well as limited human resources and budget for effective supervision. Apart from that, the lack of understanding and consistency of implementing officials in enforcing policies is also a big challenge

Agailjhara in the Liberation War: Genocide and Mass Graves in Eyewitness Accounts.

The history of Bangladesh’s great liberation war is as much about sacrifice as it is about glory. The immense courage of Bengalis has played a key role in making this history. Every conscious man wants to know his own historical heritage. These issues include personal identity, social traditions, and personal legends. Agailjhara is an upazila located in remote areas of Barishal district. A quiet village surrounded by nature’s greenery. Due to geographical, social and communal reasons, firebombing, genocide, disappearances, torture and snatching of women took place in Agailjhara during the Great War of Liberation. As far as I know, no significant research work has been completed on the context of the Liberation War of this region. However, at present, people are talking about the 13 most brutal genocide by the Pak intrusing forces in this region. 7 mass graves remind the brutality of Pakistani forces. At the same time, hundreds of freedom fighters of Agailjhara fought bravely to face the Pakistani intruders and upheld the honor of the motherland. It is important to bring that glorious story to future generations. Today is the 53rd year of independence of Bangladesh. Even after so many years of independence, it was not possible to present the true history of the Liberation War to the new generation. Research on Agailjhara’s genocide and mass graves is an important issue in writing a correct and complete history of Bangladesh’s Liberation War.

Auto-Ethnography, Action Research and Reflections on Home, Resistance and Survival

ABSTRACT Marginalised, minoritised, sexualised and racialised individuals often find themselves in positions where they are victimised, brutalised, demoralised and expected to justify their very existence. Global scholars have employed qualitative, ethnographic, anti-racist and feminist research approaches that focus on acknowledging and removing, not rearranging, unequal and violently oppressive social norms and cultural traditions. Many, whose works are shared here, have demonstrated that it is possible to debunk oppressive stereotypes in opposition to various forms of repression and oppression. This debunking makes space for addressing (through policy and law) the everyday brutal, supremacist, patriarchal, misogynistic practices (such as the accounts of gender based violence and femicide that I share). The aim here is to present auto-ethnography, action research and reflection as part of a body of work that embraces the need, and right, to make public the oftentimes demeaning and violent personal and professional experiences that have been accommodated and normalised within institutions claiming to be nurturing, democratic and adhering to principles of social justice and equity at local, national and global levels.

Exploring the professionalisation of sports coaching from the athlete’s point of view: a study of professional players from Sweden

The professionalisation of sports coaching is approached in different ways depending on the country. In Sweden, social welfare ideals and traditions of volunteering have allowed coaching to be less professionalised. The aim of this article is to explore the impact of the professionalisation of sports coaching from the athlete’s perspective. Interviews with six top-level Swedish players in women’s and men’s team sports were analysed using Bourdieu’s theory of social fields. We found that the players’ experiences with coaching reflect the doxa, power relations and capitals of their specific fields. Professionalisation was found to have multi-facetted effects on players and their careers. The environments of semi-professionalised Swedish clubs appear to benefit youth and holistic player development, however limited resources encourage players to migrate. Top professionalised clubs boost player performance and career development but run the risk of commodification and abuse. In conclusion, sport organisations are advised to keep local practices and athletes’ perspectives in mind when navigating the global push towards the professionalisation of sport.

Working with Joanne Elphinston Movement Systems® - physiotherapists’ experiences in primary health care. A focus group study

Background JEMS® (Joanne Elphinston Movement Systems) described as a systematic, holistic approach to analyze and create sound foundations for movement, is increasing in popularity among physiotherapists. The aim of this study was to investigate and capture the experiences and narratives of physiotherapists (PTs) using JEMS® for rehabilitation with patients in primary healthcare. Materials and methods In this qualitative description study, we invited 13 PTs to focus group discussions (FGD). Four groups were conducted, three FGD at different locations in Region Västra Götaland, Sweden, and one FGD using Skype. The groups met on one occasion. The FGD method has a qualitative semi-structured research design based on a social constructivist tradition of research. Data were analyzed using the Kreuger method, considering the content of the discussion in a collective understanding of the subject and the interaction taking place among participants. Results Three themes were identified: how the PTs describe their practical and emotional experiences, and how JEMS® has changed their clinical work. Most clearly emerged subjects considering the interaction and communication with the patient, about finding a structure in clinical practice and about the development the informants experience in their role as a physiotherapist and as an individual. Conclusions The FGD was chosen to capture the variety and width of experiences of the PTs using JEMS®. The opportunity for learning and reflecting in the FGDs was appreciated by the PTs. The interaction between the patient and the PT was described as fundamental in establishing foundations for movement. Opportunities to meet and treat patients regardless of functional limitations elaborated and were in that way applicable in primary healthcare where patients seek a physiotherapist for a variety of reasons.

Voluntary Geographies of Internationalism: The Contributions of a Radical Mexican Family to Global Pacifism, Feminism, and Anticolonialism

This article addresses geographies of internationalism, feminism, pacifism, and anticolonialism, by investigating the case of pacifist and feminist activist Clementina Batalla Torres de Bassols (1894–1987) and her son, geographer Ángel Bassols Batalla (1925–2012). Based in Mexico and involved in global conferencing on pacifism, women’s rights, and geography, this activist and scholarly family provided examples of voluntary commitment to internationalism as both an ethical stance and a political option. Although not extraneous to Cold War logics, as they explicitly sympathized with the Eastern Bloc between the 1950s and the 1980s, the Bassols Batallas acted independently from party logics, following their family history rooted in the independent socialist traditions of Cardenismo and of the Mexican Revolution. They voluntarily contributed to international circulation of ideas without seeking any leading role in the international associations with which they worked. This case allows for constructing ideas of voluntarism and individual agency as drivers for internationalism and informal diplomacy. Furthermore, although some aspects of their pacifism and feminism might seem outmoded, these scholars and activists fostered ideas of social and cultural struggles across plural axes through transnational, anticolonial, and multilingual engagement that can still inspire critical and decolonial geographies.

The Influence of Religion on Economic Development

Religion is one of the most important institutions in the process of socialization. Which has a profound effect on a thinking and behavior of individuals and groups. As well Religion affects economic system and is an important part of regulating economic life of individuals, however, nation building and national consciousness are based on the national economy. An important part of the preservation and development of nations is through the economy. Culture, religion and social traditions play an important role in shaping the economic status of nations. This is an important part of sanctified the work, work ethic, and love of work. Some opinion believe that religions have a profound effect on the way of life of individuals and groups. So that the basis of work, production and trade is sanctify mundane efforts. At the same time, it distorts the topics related to squandering and social virtues. This study is qualitative research, the aim of the study is to present the relationship between religion and the economy. As a result of this study, we found that religion and economics are two socio-cultural phenomena, and there is a strong influence and interaction between them. The level of influence and the relationship between them varies from one society to another. Religion also has strong influences on national economic development; therefore, religious discourse can play a powerful role in the process of encouraging the development of work culture and work ethics in societies. Reflecting economic growth in societies.

The Use Of Junior High School Social Studies Teaching Materials Containing Multicultural Life Material In Singkawang City

This research is entitled The Use of Middle School Social Sciences Teaching Materials Containing Multicultural Life Material in Singkawang City. This research aims to find out what form of social studies teaching materials are used in junior high school social studies learning in Singkawang City and what the material content of multicultural life in Singkawang City is in the social studies teaching materials used by teachers in junior high school social studies learning in Singkawang City. This research uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques using interview techniques, observation and document analysis at 5 junior high schools in Singkawang City. The validity of the data used is data triangulation and method triangulation. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique uses interactive analysis with three stages of analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing verification conclusions. The research results show that, first, the form of social studies teaching materials used by teachers in learning social studies in class VIII of junior high schools in Singkawang City is printed teaching materials in the form of books, namely social studies textbooks or student books published by the government and worksheet books that refer to the Merdeka Curriculum. Second, in the social studies teaching materials used by teachers in learning social studies in class VIII of junior high schools in Singkawang City, there is no material content about multicultural life in Singkawang City. The material content in the social studies teaching materials used by teachers in junior high school social studies learning in Singkawang City only contains national or general social studies material, so to get around the absence of material content on multicultural life in Singkawang City in junior high school social studies teaching materials, the teacher conveys multicultural life material in Singkawang City is given verbally in a limited manner according to the teacher’s knowledge. Thus, it is necessary to recommend the development of teaching materials based on multicultural life in Singkawang City in junior high school social studies learning in Singkawang City as a means of multicultural education so that students become more acquainted with know and understand the social life and cultural traditions that exist in the environment around which students live with the hope that students can discover, appreciate and apply social values in multicultural life in Singkawang City which are the basis for building students’ social attitudes in order to create a harmonious and tolerant social life in Singkawang City.

Natural Contemplation – a Christian Healing for the Environment?

Abstract Recent studies have acknowledged the insufficiency of rational arguments to motivate us for necessary changes to save the planet: hence the attraction of non-religious ecospiritualities. Identifying Western Christianity’s relationship with the environment as more moral than spiritual, I respond to the principle of right relation to the environment developed by the Methodist social creed tradition to recover the neglected tradition of natural contemplation from Christian cosmology and the monastic tradition. Drawing also on Douglas Christie’s analytical autoethnographic approach and on neglected liturgical tradition, I argue further that natural contemplation is intrinsically a prayer for the healing of nature.

Social services trauma?

The essay puts forward the thesis that contemporary Polish social services (social work) suffer from a kind of trauma, the source of which is their cutting off from their historical roots and, consequently, the deprivation of a tradition that has institutional continuity. This state of affairs is one of the sources of their continuing weakness. Polish social services traditions emerged in the period up to the outbreak of World War II, and they were formed by three strands – three types of institutionalized social practice, each of which also had its own development potential. These were: the social care strand growing out of the experience of 19th-century public charity, the people's house movement, and the social work strand developed in the 1930s among graduates of the Study of Social and Educational Work. As a result of the War, and then stalinism, almost all of this output was destroyed; the institutional continuity of the people's house movement and social work was irretrievably broken, only the tradition of social care was referred to. Within this framework, the profession of social worker was created in the 1960s – so to speak – from scratch, the institutional design of which was – and remains today – based on the 19th-century model of visitors of the poor.

К вопросу об эпистемологии, сознании и интеллекте

This paper is devoted to issues of epistemology, which has recently acquired par­ticular relevance in the national philosophy. The role of cultural-historical episte­mology in the modern theory of knowledge is revealed, where the authors hold the idea that knowing the origin and development of knowledge itself, and its cultural conditioning in specific historical experiences contributes to a better un­derstanding of its significance and the scope of use. The authors present their vi­sion of the problem of transition from gnosiology to epistemology as from a strict prescribed methodology to the choice of one’s ways and methods of con­ducting science, where a significant role is given to such disciplines as computer science and logic. In this context, the relationship between consciousness and in­telligence with the theory of knowledge, in particular with cultural-historical epistemology, is also analyzed, since both the philosophy of consciousness and epistemology seek to understand the nature of knowledge and beliefs based on our conscious experience. This approach, considering the influence of social norms, values and cultural traditions on our cognition and thinking, stimulates the development of the theoretical basis of epistemology and its practical appli­cation. The authors conclude that modern research in the field of consciousness and artificial intelligence and their application in the methodology of epistemo­logy contribute not only to rethinking views on the nature of subjectivity but also to establishing the objectivity of our judgments. Ultimately, this leads to the inte­gration of collective and individual consciousness as an important factor in un­derstanding the world and forming scientific knowledge

ANCIENT ROOTS TO MODERN SOCIETY: INDIAS SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION

Indias social transformation is a journey marked by the interplay of ancient traditions and modern influences. This paper explores the evolution of Indias social fabric from its early Vedic roots to its current standing as a dynamic and diverse society. The analysis delves into the enduring impact of religious, cultural, and philosophical traditions on contemporary social structures, highlighting how these ancient legacies have shaped the modern Indian ethos. By examining key historical milestones, such as the contribution of empires, colonialism, and the independence movement, the study reveals the complex ways in which India has navigated the challenges of modernity while preserving its rich heritage. The discussion also addresses the ongoing struggles and adaptations within Indian society, including caste dynamics, gender roles, and the quest for social equity, emphasizing the continuous process of negotiation between tradition and modernity. Through this exploration, the paper aims to provide a nuanced understanding of Indias social transformation, underscoring the nations ability to adapt and innovate while remaining rooted in its ancient cultural wisdom.Indias social transformation encompasses changes in various societal aspects, including institutions, structure, culture, and philosophy. The goals of social transformation in India are evolutionary in strategy but revolutionary in content. Leaders of the Indian independence movement understood that social structure, history, and tradition form the foundation of society, setting the parameters for social reform plans, objectives, and methods.

Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria: A Decadal Examination of Political Economic Forces and Implications for Future Initiatives, Spotlighting Microfinance Banks

This research investigates the impact of political-economic dynamics on the effectiveness of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) in Nigeria from 2004 to 2014, with a specific emphasis on the role played by Microfinance Banks (MFBs). Employing a phenomenological approach within the social constructionist tradition, the study utilizes both individual and focus group interviews, complemented by the analysis of official documents from Nigerian Federal Ministries and the Central Bank. The case selection centers on microcredit, an important component of the IMF country report for the specified period. The findings reveal that while the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) exhibits positive macroeconomic indicators, its alignment with the empowerment framework is nuanced. The study highlights the challenges faced by microcredit users, emphasizing the high interest rates, lack of government support, and inadequacies in the regulatory framework. Microfinance policy, as outlined by the Central Bank of Nigeria, is critiqued for its failure to provide safety nets and welfare benefits for microcredit users, exacerbating their economic vulnerabilities. This research contributes a comprehensive understanding of the socio-economic impact of PRSPs in Nigeria, shedding light on the complex interplay between macroeconomic policies and micro-level dynamics. The policy recommendations provided aim to address these challenges, advocating for regulatory enhancements, targeted interventions, and inclusive economic growth to foster a more effective and equitable poverty reduction strategy.

Wedding Invitation Cards from a Sociolinguistic Perspective: A Case Study from Jordan

This study explores wedding invitation cards from a sociolinguistic perspective, focusing on a case study from Jordan. The study highlights the cultural and communicative significance of wedding invitations in Jordanian society. The objective is to analyze the linguistic features, social functions, cultural values reflected in these invitations, and structure (the components) of the wedding cards. Methods include qualitative content analysis of a sample of wedding invitation cards collected from various regions in Jordan, supplemented by interviews with card designers and recipients. Results indicate that the language of the invitations is a blend of formal Arabic, colloquial expressions, and occasional English phrases, reflecting social hierarchies, regional identities, and influences from globalization. The study also reveals that wedding invitations serve as a medium for displaying social status, familial bonds, and cultural traditions. The study concludes that wedding invitation cards in Jordan are not merely functional artifacts but are rich in sociolinguistic meaning, providing insights into the interplay between language, culture, and society in contemporary Jordan.

Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Content Validity of the Saudi Sign Language Version of the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire.

Profoundly hearing-impaired individuals lack health-promotion education on healthy lifestyles, and this may be due to communication barriers and limited awareness of available resources. Therefore, providing understandable healthy eating knowledge and a proper education evaluation via a questionnaire is vital. The present study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the content of a Saudi sign language version of the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ). The study followed the World Health Organization guidelines for the translation and cultural adaptation of the GNKQ, using two-phase translation (from English into Arabic and then from Arabic into Saudi sign language), including forward-translation, back-translation, and pilot testing among profoundly hearing-impaired individuals. A total of 48 videos were recorded to present the GNKQ in Saudi sign language. The scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) value was equal to 0.96, and the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) value for all questions was between 1 and 0.9, except for question 6 in section 1, which was 0.6; this discrepancy was due to religious, social, and cultural traditions. The translation, cultural adaptation, and content validity of the Saudi sign language version of the GNKQ were satisfactory. Further studies are needed to validate other measurement properties of the present translated version of this questionnaire.