Traditional Rural Settlements Research Articles

Landscape design and the therapeutic effect of haloperidol on BD

BackgroundLandscape design and art psychotherapy are two widely used methods in the field of mental health. Haloperidol is a common drug for treating bipolar disorder. Based on the theory of art psychotherapy, the relief effect of landscape design combined with haloperidol on patients with bipolar disorder will be studied.Subjects and MethodsSelect 80 patients with bipolar disorder and randomly divide them into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The control group patients were treated with haloperidol, while the experimental group was treated with garden design combined with haloperidol. Both groups were treated based on the theory of artistic psychotherapy. Compare the treatment effects of patients after a course of treatment, and use SPSS23.0 as a statistical analysis tool.ResultsThe research results indicate that there is a significant difference in the relief effect of patients between the experimental group and the control group after the end of the experiment. The relief effect of the experimental group patients was significantly better than that of the control group, with an average relief effect of 0.95 and 0.89 after the experiment, respectively. The treatment method of combining garden design with haloperidol is better than that of haloperidol alone.ConclusionsBased on the theory of artistic psychotherapy, the combination of landscape design and haloperidol can help patients with bipolar disorder better understand and manage emotional fluctuations, improve emotional stability, and thus facilitate the relief of bipolar disorder patients.Acknowledgement2022 Humanities and Social Sciences Project of Jiangxi University of Technology, Gene extraction and expression of traditional rural settlement landscape in Nanchang area (No.23RWYB04).

Parametric Reconstruction of Traditional Village Morphology Based on the Space Gene Perspective—The Case Study of Xiaoxi Village in Western Hunan, China

Traditional settlement space contains regional, natural, economic, historical, and cultural characteristics. The spatial texture serves as a material carrier of rural life and production and a vital landscape resource for the traditional villages. Traditional rural settlements have formed relatively unique and stable spatial form genes over time, which contain the “order” and “law” of spatial creation traditionally established in villages. The metropolis erodes traditional village spaces due to fast socioeconomic development and urbanization. In addition, the lack of adequate recognition and continuation of spatial texture in current mainstream village construction planning methods also limits the ability of villages to adapt to environmental changes and promote self-repair and adjustment, which, in turn, causes the gradual disappearance of their distinctive appearance. The reason is the need for more quantitative research and planning on the genes controlling the evolution of spatial texture morphology in traditional villages. They are faced with issues such as blind construction and development, a fracture in the rural characteristic spatial texture inheritance, and a loss of the distinctive vernacular landscape. Adopting an objective and in-depth approach to the cognition of traditional village space texture is an essential demand for the preservation, optimization, and renewal of the spatial appearance of rural settlements. We use the spatial genes of village settlements as its starting point. It then uses the spatial texture of village settlements connected to gene information mining as its specific method. We investigate the autogenous law of traditional village spatial form and determine its application using the CityEngine parametric platform, digitalization, and 3D visualization as the applied technical means. The feasibility and implementation path of the parameterization technique are explored using the traditional village of Xiaoxi in western Hunan Province as an example. We effectively promote the integration of rural spatial landscape resources, feature assessment, optimization guidance, and management control and provide an innovative research perspective and scientific planning path for analyzing the spatial morphological evolution of traditional villages.

DOES URBAN SPRAWL AND SPATIAL PLANNING STRATEGIES AFFECT RURAL SETTLEMENT AND BOUNDARIES IN PENANG?

The growing population and demand for urbanisation has led to pressure on rural areas and the natural environment. The crucial issue is protecting the rural areas boundaries which are essential for food security and traditional rural settlements. As paving towards urbanisation due to demand for development and population, the boundaries of rural settlements and boundaries should be protected to ensure the sustainability of the resources for the population. The categorisation of land use data is not consistent and poses several insufficient representations of rural boundaries in Penang. The main objective of this study is to compare the changes of rural boundaries in Penang in 2019 and the mapping of urban areas based on several data. The content analysis was used to compare and triangulate the data to be used for spatial analysis. The findings showed that the most prominent type of village is the traditional village which accounted for 88%. Based on Penang's development priority areas (DPA) until 2030, a total of 20133.83 acres of village, or 52.92%. The village boundaries in Seberang Perai Utara District will be significantly affected, with an area of 7968.89 acres (20.95%). The implication of this study is that protection of traditional villages and fishing villages require attention as most affected areas are traditional villages in Penang due to development direction, with a total area of 18060.61 acres (47.47%).

Digital Analysis of the Water Layout Ecological Wisdom in Traditional Chinese Rural Settlements: A Case Study of Liukeng Village in Jiangxi Province

During the long-term construction and development process of eliminating water disasters and promoting water conservancy in traditional settlements, a set of mature strategies that have simple ecological wisdom in water layout have been formed by adapting to the natural water environment and utilizing the regional water system. This study conducted a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the water layout strategies and their effects on Liukeng Village from three aspects: deciphering the water systematic pattern, calculating the spatial characteristics and quantifying the water environment, to explore the technical assistance and potential of water layout research in traditional rural settlements. The results indicated that Liukeng has an unambiguously systematic water layout pattern of source diversion, middle drainage and end purification of the water. Through 3D point cloud computing, it was shown that the site selection made accurate use of micro-topography and adopted the strategy of a multi-source water management. It formed an organic water system pattern, which provided sufficient water sources for all kinds of needs of Liukeng Village.The Dragon Lake in Liukeng held 83.0% of the precipitation, and the vegetation area accounted for 34.7% of the total area of Liukeng, which had high surface permeability and good middle drainage effects. Water detection showed that the Dragon Lake provided good water quality and purification. The purposes of this study are to fill the gap in previous non-quantitative research on water layout in traditional rural settlements, excavate the hidden information and value of settlements, and deepen our understanding of the ecological wisdom of the overall planning, layout and construction of water conservancy in traditional rural settlements. This knowledge can assist the win-win situation of water conservancy cultural heritage protection and modern utilization. It also provides useful inspiration and reference for properly dealing with the problems of rain and flooding, realizing the sustainability of water resources, and protecting the ecological environment in the process of the development and construction of village settlements in China.

Study of the differences in the space order of traditional rural settlements

ABSTRACT Under the influence of regional environment and human characteristics, traditional rural settlements in southern Henan present very unique spatial forms, and it is important to explore their spatial regional characteristics. The article explores the typical characteristics of the spatial morphology of rural villages in southern Henan by combining space image and space syntax, taking the village of Hejiachong in southern Henan and other villages as examples. The results of the study are as follows: (1) spatial morphology is the result of the comprehensive reflection of regional environmental characteristics and rural social organization; (2) the combination of space image and quantitative analysis provides an effective method for the study of rural individuals, and quantitative analysis is a useful supplement and revision of space image; (3) The internal spatial order of rural areas is mainly expressed in the form of spatial progressivity under defense and spatial integration under life. Based on the space image analysis of the rural pattern, the spatial hierarchy analysis of people’s activity trajectories and the spatial order analysis under the social organization in southern Henan, the study provides a research basis and theoretical basis for the mapping of rural genealogy in the same geographical unit area.

Disaster adaptation evolution and resilience mechanisms of traditional rural settlement landscape in Xinjiang, China

In consideration of the socioecological environment and the frequent occurrence of natural disasters, the subject of how rural settlements can respond to disturbances and achieve sustainable development is important. From the perspective of the disaster resilience of socioecological systems, this study first identified the disaster types historically faced by rural settlements in Xinjiang, China. Then, based on the evolution of these settlements, the landscape carrier was divided into four levels: the overall village pattern, street networks, central landmarks, and special public spaces. Four stages of disaster adaptation were then identified—namely, predisaster defense, disaster impact, postdisaster recovery, and adaptation. Finally, based on the experience of disaster resilience and adaptation in traditional rural settlements, the resilience mechanism of adaptation to disasters was proposed for rural communities in Xinjiang. Specifically, the universal construction of water-conservancy facilities to adapt to disasters is key for these settlements to continuously enhance resilience, with government-guided deployment providing institutional guarantees. Moreover, the wisdom gleaned from local construction experience with disaster adaptation can further strengthen rural resilience. Finally, religious cultural norms can provide a behavioral basis for residents to organize and effectively adapt to disasters.

Challenges on Rural Area Management: Investigating the Relationship between Rural Development and European Funds

The economic activity, in most of the rural places is focused on agricultural practices. Only in the developed settlements situated in the expansion area of the important towns there is a viable entrepreneurial activity, stimulating the community and offering it lucrative opportunities for the inhabitants, although most of the rural settlements do not manage to overcome the underdevelopment stage in which they are. Only in the case of the significant rural settlements showing an interest in investments for the relocated production facilities in the towns, we can talk about intense economic activities. These cases are isolated and most of the times, these settlements do not match the classic portrait of the rural settlements being more like the towns. That is why the developed rural settlements are economically and socially connected to the town around which they gravitate, as opposed to the case of the traditional rural settlements. Looking at the situation of the social and economic life registered on the level of the rural population and considering the most probable evolution trends on a medium and long term, we identified a series of challenges where it is compulsory to involve the public or the private organizations from the field.

The Rural Texture of Azghad Village: Historical Context of Collective Housing

The current study aims to contextualise cohousing with a focus on analysing a traditional rural settlement in Iran. Azghad is a historical village located in Iran, which has been developed throughout centuries based on strong social and environmental systems. The research uses field studies in the form of observing the environment of Azghad village, initial and natural explanation of housing pattern and interviews with local people with a qualitative research approach and documentary studies examines the physical characteristics of this rural community. Through investigating the physical pattern of the village in the area under study, the elements of the social–physical system which form the residential type of the village were extracted. The comparison of the social and physical system of the residential fabric of the Azghad and its residential neighbourhoods showed that the residential pattern of Azghad could be introduced as an example of a collective housing model. The rural housing type is an example of a collective housing style that has been formed over time based on the shared values of residents and the activities they wanted to do collectively.

RURAL ARCHITECTURE AND SUSTAINABILITY: LEARNING FROM THE PAST

Traditional rural living environments have the potential to be instructive in numerous ways. Rural settlements, which are often created with a minimum of effort and have been around for thousands of years, can be a template for living environments of tomorrow. Starting off with that proposition, this paper goes on to emphasize the importance of examining the characteristics of traditional rural settlements in the context of sustainability. The article aims to analyze and thus improve our understanding of rural settlements, and in the process of doing so, it produces and reproduces knowledge within the field of sustainability. A model consisting of multiple layers was applied through the sampling of a particular rural-traditional settlement (Taraklı), thereby shedding light on the relationship between the settlement and the parameters of environmental sustainability. In that model, three main methods of learning from traditional architecture were proposed: (1) Learning From Vernacular Architecture (LF-VA) through existing settlements; (2) Learning From Experience (LF-E) through those who have learned from vernacular approaches; and, (3) Learning from Research (LF-R). Through the use of that model, the data obtained constitutes a holistic pool of information. The basic facts articulated in this pool are models, concepts and theories, and the prominent concepts include documentation, conservation, adaptation and innovation. As a result of the analysis based on the model, the relationship of the physical characteristics of the rural-traditional settlement exemplified in the article with the environmental sustainability parameters has been illustrated systematically. In the literature, the products of rural architecture generally exist with identification and documentation studies. In this article, the relationship between rural architecture and sustainability is discussed in the context of learning from the past and it is shown through an existing settlement.

Spatial Cognitive Modeling of the Site Selection for Traditional Rural Settlements: A Case Study of Kengzi Village, Southern China

Abstract As a result of the booming rural reconstruction in China, the recurring problem of “village sameness” reflects the inadequate understanding of inherent spatial characteristics of tradition...

DISTURBANCES IN VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE OF TOGO'S RURAL SETTLEMENTS

Abstract. According to the United Nations (UN) Africa accounts for only 13% of the world's urban population and less than half of the inhabitants of this continent (43%) live in urban areas (Xinhua News Agency, 2017). Therefore, the cultural importance of rural architecture in this context is remarkable both locally for each society and generally for human knowledge. As Paul Oliver pointed out, vernacular architecture is the architectural language of people with their ethnic, regional and local dialects (Oliver, 1997), and it should be considered a treasure containing the knowledge, development and progress of a civilization. The formal and material results of this development lead to the reopening of the debate on its sustainability and its effects on human behaviour. The structural changes of rural habitats are putting the preservation of their cultural heritage at serious risk. The current demand for habitability fosters the use of imported materials such as cement and sheet metal to replace earthen walls and straw roofing in the simple constructions, solutions that deceptively improve the comfort of the inhabited spaces. The present article analyses residential construction typologies of traditional rural settlements of Togo, where the constructive, formal and technical variety is replaced by general solutions that, without achieving the desired housing improvement, are nonetheless contributing to the social detachment from traditions that represent the cultural identity of each community. The methodology aims at the identification and characterization of traditional residential typologies, and a final consideration evaluates the balance between sustainable development and the conservation of cultural values in rural settlements.

Cottage settlements in capital region of Ukraine

In this paper, the phenomenon of suburbanization in Ukraine is considered for the first time on the example of cottage settlements of the capital region. The issue of cottage settlements has not been studied specifically in Ukrainian human geography. A review of the achievements of foreign colleagues has revealed that they are mainly being studied as a new stage in the development of former summer cooperatives (dacha). In our opinion, it is rather one of the forms of pseudourbanization and imitation of Western European standards and forms of life. The cottage settlements have a higher quality of life than the surrounding villages and this causes social polarization within the urban agglomeration of the Ukrainian capital. It was revealed that the transport accessibility to Kyiv, the capital of the country, as well as the presence of natural attractors – the river, pond or forest plays an important role in their location. Conflicts have arisen over access to former public beaches and recreation areas. Currently, only residents of the respective cottage settlements have access to them, which causes social conflict with the local rural population. With the exception of four villages within the administrative boundaries of the capital, the rest are 10 to 30 kilometers away from the main motorways. The social stratification of cottage settlements has great importance. The most prestigious of them arose on the south direction 10 km from Kyiv. They are located in Koncha-Zaspa along the Dnieper river. Here their greatest concentration is revealed. Cottage settlements in the Koncha Zaspa area have become the main residence of the richest citizens of Ukraine. This led to the complete transformation of this settlement into a network of gated communities. Thus, a new structure of population distribution in the city agglomeration is gradually forming. It is presented on the map of accommodation of cottage settlements among traditional urban and rural settlements.

Landscape approaches to the evolution of the Byzantine/Medieval village-community in Greece

The Greek landscape preserves a wide diversity of settlements of different character, which were established or developed especially during the later Post-Medieval and Early Modern periods (17th–19th centuries). Early studies in Post-Medieval and traditional rural settlements, with specific reference to Greece, have made a distinction between permanent and temporary ones. Temporary agricultural and pastoral settlements usually comprised 40–50 καλύβια or seasonal habitations, while permanent ones comprised clustered villages and hamlets of a compact or loose layout, such as the çiftlik or commercial farm estates. These rural settlement types appeared in mainland Greece in the 17th–18th centuries, and were used for the production of cash-crops to feed the growing demand for raw materials by rising industrial and capitalist states in Western Europe. Thus, past studies have primarily focused on the general appearance of rural settlements, on the economic forces that shaped their history in pre-modern Greece (and Cyprus), or, more recently, on aspects of their abandonment and post-abandonment formation processes and material change.

Study of traditional rural settlements landscape genetic variability in Shaanxi Province based on accurate-restoration

Study of traditional rural settlements landscape genetic variability in Shaanxi Province based on accurate-restoration

Indigenous Urbanization in Russia's Arctic

This article presents the social, economic, and political factors that contribute to the ongoing urbanization of the Nenets indigenous communities (“communities-in-transition”) in the Nenets Autonomous Region. Focusing on the preconditions for “indigenous flight” from traditional rural settlements to urban areas, the article analyzes key indicators—demographics, language proficiency, education level, and occupational sector, as well as social cohesion, interethnic relations, and political inclusion in the larger urban context—to describe the adaptation and integration processes of these new city dwellers. Based on the fieldwork in the region, the article also presents individual life strategies and career choices of indigenous youth and describes the role of gender in indigenous urbanization.

Inheritance and Evolution of the Spatial Form of Traditional Rural Settlement

As early as the farming era, traditional rural settlements have been deeply rooted in our country. The geographical location of rural settlements is inextricably linked to the natural environment, transportation and social forms. China has continuously increased its modernization and transformed rural settlements with the rapid development of society, which has led to the change in the spatial form of rural settlements and led to the demise of many traditional settlements. Therefore, the culture and traditions are inevitably deplorable. Settlement is the most primitive way of living in China. Therefore, it is necessary to understand and learn the culture as well as correctly transform the rural settlement. This paper aims to study the spatial form of traditional rural settlements. Based on the background research of traditional rural settlement spatial form, this paper discusses the influencing factors of settlement spatial form and the spatial form and evolution of rural settlements.

Agronegócio e ambiente no Cerrado tocantinense: um panorama dos municípios com base em indicadores

A recente expansão do agronegócio sobre o Cerrado tocantinense tem sido responsável por diferentes tipos de transformações nesse bioma-território, incluindo mudanças ambientais. Suas consequências podem afetar o clima, a água, a sociobiodiversidade e os modos de vida de populações, sobretudo daquelas que habitam o campo e que dependem diretamente da natureza para a sua autossustentação. Partindo desse contexto, o presente artigo tem como objetivo traçar um panorama da situação dos municípios do estado do Tocantins com base em diferentes indicadores: agropecuários (tais como áreas de cultivo, de pastagens e rebanhos) e ambientais (tais como desmatamento acumulado e déficits de reserva legal e de áreas de proteção permanente). Foi verificada também, dentro dos limites de cada município, a presença de comunidades tradicionais e de assentados rurais, grupos considerados mais expostos e vulneráveis às consequências negativas do agronegócio sobre o ambiente. Buscou-se, assim, conhecer a conjuntura do tema emescala estadual e identificar municípios prioritários para a realização de estudos detalhados e para a execução de políticas públicas de monitoramento, fiscalização e conservação ambiental.Palavras-chave: fronteira agrícola; mudanças ambientais; sociobiodiversidade;Tocantins.

Cellular Automata for Studying Historical Spatial Process of Traditional Settlements Based on Gaussian Mixture Model: A Case Study of Qiaoxiang Village in Southern China

ABSTRACTThe spatial evolution of traditional rural settlements is a natural process that occurs without professional development planning. With rural spatial organization now being stimulated by China’s economic structure adjustment, making top-down plans match bottom-up spatial principles is important for the continuity of rural communities. In this research, a Cellular automaton based model was introduced to describe the historical spatial rules of rural settlements based on a traditional village in Southern China. In order to reproduce the rural spatial characteristics and laws that were close to the actual situation truthfully and distinctly, in this model, we refined the growth process into three cyclical steps, and used a Multivariate Gaussian Mixture Model for the evaluation of spatial transition potential. Through historical simulation, evaluation of the current status, and future spatial predictions, results showed that: (1) the growth during the whole spatial process maintained logical consistency for optimal selection; (2) certain houses in the southeast region should be carefully protected as a core living culture exhibit, while the best utilization of other homes should be considered; and (3) the most probable region of growth for tourist services or new housing estates is scattered along the river in the central area of the village.

Estudio de la cerámica medieval de Cova Eirós (Triacastela, Lugo)

Las intervenciones arqueológicas efectuadas a partir del año 2008 en el yacimiento de Cova Eirós (Triacastela, Lugo), pusieron a la luz evidencias materiales de diferentes contextos cronológicos. En este trabajo se aborda el análisis e interpretación de uno de los elementos de la cultura material más representativo de los depósitos de Cova Eirós, correspondiente a la cerámica de época histórica. Destaca la amplia presencia de tipos de época medieval, principalmente de la fase inicial y plena y de manera testimonial de Época Romana y Tardorromana. El grueso de estos materiales cerámicos pertenece a la producción de cerámica gris medieval del noroeste peninsular, siendo identificadas formas inéditas, cuanto menos desde el punto de vista historiográfico. Asimismo, se destaca la excepcional posición estratigráfica de buena parte de estos materiales, vinculados a contextos cerrados (fosas), sobre las que se llevan realizando dataciones radiocarbónicas, permitiendo asociar estas formas a dataciones de carácter absoluto. De este modo, las ocupaciones medievales en Cova Eirós pueden considerarse como reflejo de los cambios en la estructuración del territorio que se producen entre los siglos VIII-XI en el Noroeste peninsular y que son la raíz del poblamiento rural gallego.
 
 [gl] As intervencións arqueolóxicas efectuadas a partir do ano 2008 no xacemento de Cova Eirós (Triacastela, Lugo), puxeron á luz evidencias materiais de diferentes contextos cronolóxicos. Neste traballo abórdase a análise e interpretación dun dos elementos da cultura material máis representativo dos depósitos de Cova Eirós, correspondente á cerámica de época histórica. Destaca a ampla presenza de tipos de época medieval, principalmente da fase inicial e plena e de xeito testemuñal de Época Romana e Tardorromana. O groso destes materiais cerámicos pertence á produción de cerámica gris medieval do Noroeste peninsular, sendo identificadas formas inéditas, canto menos dende o punto de vista historiográfico. Así mesmo, destácase a excepcional posición estratigráfica de boa parte destes materiais, vinculados a contextos pechados (foxas), sobre as que se levan realizando datacións radiocarbónicas, permitindo asociar estas formas a datacións de carácter absoluto. Deste xeito, as ocupacións medievais de Cova Eirós poden considerarse como o reflexo dos cambios na estruturación territorial que se producen entre os séculos VIII-XI no Noroeste peninsular e que son a raíz do poboamento rural galego.

Exploration on the Spatial Assembling Pattern of Contemporary Rural Settlements Based on GIS --- Taking Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an Example

Rural settlements of China are in the era of rapid information development, experiencing revolutionary changes and cultural breakthroughs. This article takes the main rural settlements in Diqing as examples and uses GIS technology as the main method, analyses spatial distribution and assembling characteristics of rural settlements. Based on this, the article extracts the spatial assembling pattern of Diqing rural settlements. Take the topography, rivers, roads and other factors, this article analyzes the causes of the spatial distribution pattern of contemporary rural settlements. The article argues that it has a great theoretical and practical significance to study the spatial pattern of rural settlements, and points out the necessity of using modern GIS technology in the rural settlement research. This method cannot be only maximum the precise analytical ability of contemporary traditional rural settlement space, but also better serve the adjustment, control and optimization design of contemporary settlements.