Traditional Role Research Articles

Paramedic perceptions of barriers and facilitators to the use of ambulance service appropriate care-referral pathways in Northern Ireland: a qualitative study

Introduction: Paramedic clinical practice has seen significant evolution from the traditional role of transporting patients to an emergency department (ED). An evolving and flexible scope of practice, modernisation and healthcare reform has necessitated the development of a range of referral pathways for paramedics, with the aim of ensuring that service users receive the most appropriate care at the point of contact. Ambulance conveyance rates to EDs in Northern Ireland (NI) have only occasionally fallen below 75%. A study examining a Northern Ireland Ambulance Service (NIAS) referral pathway showed a much lower referral rate than those of comparable ambulance services. A similar study found that over 70% of people who experience a fall are not referred to falls prevention services. This study aimed to identify what paramedics perceive are the barriers and facilitators to the use of patient care pathways (PCPs) in NI.Methods: In this single-centre qualitative study, participants were recruited using volunteer sampling. Data were collected through 11 semi-structured interviews until data saturation was reached. Online interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.Results: Five main themes were constructed during analysis. The participants discussed their perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to utilising PCPs in relation to risk, cultural issues, person-centred practice, inter-professional communication and operational infrastructure.Conclusion: The study provides insight into perceived barriers and facilitators to the use of PCPs, while indicating the existence of a paramedic workforce dedicated to achieving the best outcomes for people in their care. The themes identified are consistent with existing literature that calls for standardised pathways across regions. Future research should investigate the link between the NHS 111 service and ambulance demand. In order to facilitate the complex decision making involved in referrals, relevant knowledge and skills should be embedded in paramedic education. Efforts should be made to improve inter-professional communication and awareness of the paramedic scope of practice and knowledge base. An intervention designed to reassure staff who have concerns regarding clinical risk may improve referral rates.

Gender equality advocacy and socio-economic inclusion: A comparative study of community-based approaches in promoting women’s empowerment and economic resilience (2022)

This review examines community-based approaches to gender equality advocacy and socio-economic inclusion, focusing on strategies to promote women’s empowerment and economic resilience. As global discourse on gender equality gains momentum, community-driven initiatives have emerged as pivotal agents of change, particularly in marginalized communities where structural, cultural, and socio-economic barriers persist. This provides a comparative analysis of grassroots movements, local advocacy groups, and capacity-building programs that seek to enhance women’s roles in economic and social domains. Through a qualitative approach, including case studies from various regions, this study explores how community-based strategies such as microfinance initiatives, vocational training, and entrepreneurial support networks have been instrumental in improving financial independence and workforce participation for women. Findings indicate that localized initiatives have achieved notable success in challenging traditional gender roles, expanding women’s access to resources, and fostering economic resilience. Financial inclusion mechanisms, such as savings groups and access to credit, emerged as critical factors in enhancing women’s economic stability, particularly in settings where formal financial systems are inaccessible. Additionally, the study highlights the impact of social empowerment initiatives that focus on health, education, and altering perceptions of gender roles, thereby creating a supportive environment for sustainable change. Challenges remain, particularly regarding the sustainability and scalability of community-based models, as well as cultural resistance to gender equality. The review concludes with policy recommendations to strengthen partnerships between governments, private sectors, and community organizations, promote adaptable models for broader implementation, and improve monitoring frameworks. This comparative analysis underscores the significance of community-based approaches in advancing gender equality, advocating for their expanded role in global efforts toward socio-economic inclusion and resilience for women.

Gender Parity in Sa’idu Faru’s Song ‘Waƙar Mai Babban Ɗaki

This study examines the songs of Sa'idu Faru, a prominent Hausa court singer, to explore their potential for promoting gender parity. Focusing on Faru's compositions for Queen Mother Hajiya Asabe, particularly "Waƙar Mai Babban Ɗaki" (Song of the Queen Mother), the research utilizes Feminist Theory to explore how the song challenges the patriarchal power structure and advocates for gender equality. Through close reading and thematic analysis of the lyrics, the focus is on the Queen Mother's portrayal and how it disrupts traditional gender norms. The paper argues that Faru's songs challenge traditional gender roles by celebrating the Queen Mother's power and authority. By portraying her as a wise leader and philanthropist, Faru subtly subverts expectations of masculinity and proposes an alternative based on respect and collaboration. This analysis highlights the potential of music to promote social change and contribute to a more equitable gender dynamic within Hausa society.

THE role of Artificial Intelligence in industry 5.0: Enhancing human-machine collaboration

The emergence of Industry 5.0 marks a transformative shift in the manufacturing landscape, emphasizing a synergistic relationship between humans and machines. This paper explores the pivotal role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing human-machine collaboration within this paradigm. By leveraging AI technologies, industries can foster a more personalized, efficient, and innovative work environment. AI systems facilitate seamless communication and decision-making processes, thereby augmenting human capabilities rather than replacing them. This collaboration allows for the optimization of workflows, reduction of operational risks, and enhancement of product quality through advanced predictive analytics and real-time data processing. Furthermore, the integration of AI in Industry 5.0 supports sustainability initiatives by minimizing waste and energy consumption, aligning with the global push for greener manufacturing practices. Case studies demonstrate the successful implementation of AI-driven solutions across various sectors, showcasing improvements in productivity and employee satisfaction. As Industry 5.0 continues to evolve, the interplay between AI and human labour will redefine traditional roles, empowering workers with augmented intelligence tools. The findings indicate that embracing AI not only enhances operational efficiency but also contributes to a more resilient and adaptive workforce. Ultimately, this paper posits that the future of industry lies in the harmonious collaboration between human intellect and artificial intelligence, which together will drive innovation, productivity, and sustainable practices in the manufacturing sector.

Measuring the Professional Identity of Italian Teachers: The Development of the Teacher Role Identity Questionnaire (TRIQ)

ABSTRACT Teacher professional identity is an important construct that may influence teachers’ self-perception and behavior. Analysis of the literature suggests that teachers hold multiple roles, but a clear shared definition and theory-based validated measures are lacking. Furthermore, few studies have assessed the relationship between teacher professional identity and work and health outcomes. This study aimed to develop and assess the validity of the Teacher Role Identity Questionnaire (TRIQ) in a sample of Italian teachers from the Lombardy region. A sample of 5725 middle- and high-school teachers was involved. Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were performed. Based on a Role Identity theoretical perspective, a 13-item scale with three role identities was developed: Pedagogical, Promotional, and Traditional. Pedagogical role identity focuses on tasks related to the personal relationship between the teacher and students. Promotional role identity refers to tasks related to the promotion of competences and active learning opportunities. Traditional role identity refers to tasks related to transmitting information and evaluating the knowledge of students. This study confirmed the importance of distinguishing between different teacher roles when considering teacher professional identity.

Should Men Pay Bills? -- Financial Disparities in Heterosexual Relationships

Abstract: This study investigates the enduring norm and rising debatable question of whether men should bear the financial burden in heterosexual relationships Should men pay bills? analyzing the gender dynamics through the lens of financial disparities. Drawing on a survey of 231 participants across diverse demographics, primarily from China, this study explores how societal norms and economic inequities influence heterosexual relationships and contribute to traditional gender norms. By dissecting factors such as the gender wage gap, the pink tax, and the division of labor in non-reproductive tasks, this paper highlights the economic and cultural forces impacting traditional gender roles. The survey reveals that men are generally perceived and often function as the primary earners, influenced by stereotypical gendered norms and expectations, resulting in women encountering economic disadvantages due to lower earnings and greater financial commitment to personal care. This study also examines societal pressures that dictate spending patterns, especially among women, on aesthetics, which contribute significantly to their financial and emotional strain. The findings suggest a critical need to reassess the traditional financial roles in relationships and push toward more equitable financial practices. The findings prompt a reconsideration of gendered financial responsibilities and advocate for a shift towards more equitable practices.

Competition of C–F, C–S, and S–F Bond Activation in SF5CF3 Using N‐Heterocyclic Olefins Derivatives: A Computational Study

ABSTRACTSF5CF3, commonly recognized as a potent greenhouse gas, has recently emerged as a valuable source of fluoride functional groups. Despite its traditional role, recent studies have highlighted its potential applications beyond its environmental implications. However, investigations into its reactivity remain limited, particularly regarding the activation of its constituent bonds. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive computational analysis to elucidate the competition among C–F, C–S, and S–F bond activations within SF5CF3 utilizing N‐heterocyclic olefin derivatives. Our investigations shed light on the underlying mechanisms of bond activation, revealing a preference for the activation of the S–F bond in SF5CF3 by both NHOs and mNHOs. Specifically, we observed a Gibbs free energy barrier (ΔG≠) ranging from 24.90 to 25.77 kcal/mol in the case of mNHOs, indicating a favorable energetics for this process.

Exploring the Intersection of Tales, Myths, and Cultural Narratives in the Literary work of Sudha Murty

Throughout history, tales, myths, and cultural expressions have woven a rich tapestry of human storytelling, transcending borders and bridging civilizations. This study explores the dynamic blend of folklore, myths, and cultural narratives across epochs, analyzing common themes and archetypes that reveal our shared human experience. Emphasizing the role of oral traditions, it examines how stories adapt to societal changes, shaped by beliefs, rituals, and norms. By looking at the impact of globalization and technology on these narratives, the study celebrates storytelling’s power to connect and preserve cultural identity, offering insights into its enduring relevance in today’s world.

Foundational Competencies and Responsibilities of a Research Software Engineer

The term Research Software Engineer, or RSE, emerged a little over 10 years ago as a way to represent individuals working in the research community but focusing on software development. The term has been widely adopted and there are a number of high-level definitions of what an RSE is. However, the roles of RSEs vary depending on the institutional context they work in. At one end of the spectrum, RSE roles may look similar to a traditional research role. At the other extreme, they resemble that of a software engineer in industry. Most RSE roles inhabit the space between these two extremes. Therefore, providing a straightforward, comprehensive definition of what an RSE does and what experience, skills and competencies are required to become one is challenging. In this community paper we define the broad notion of what an RSE is, explore the different types of work they undertake, and define a list of foundational competencies as well as values that outline the general profile of an RSE. Further research and training can build upon this foundation of skills and focus on various aspects in greater detail. We expect that graduates and practitioners will have a larger and more diverse set of skills than outlined here. On this basis, we elaborate on the progression of these skills along different dimensions. We look at specific types of RSE roles, propose recommendations for organisations, give examples of future specialisations, and detail how existing curricula fit into this framework.

Examining roles of peripheral service evidence in customer experiences: from the perspective of embodied interaction

PurposeThis study aims to apply the theoretical lens of embodied interaction to examine roles of peripheral service evidence (PSE) in customer experiences. While previous research explained the role of PSE as tangible proof from the firm’s perspective, this study investigates how customers interact with PSE and shape their experiences from customer’s perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe research employed a qualitative methodology, conducting in-depth interviews with 40 participants. These interviews were designed to elicit narratives about customers’ experiences with eight archetypes of PSE across various service contexts. The study utilized thematic analysis to uncover the underlying roles of PSE in enhancing customer experiences.FindingsThe analysis identified five key themes demonstrating the impact of PSE on customer experience: facilitating embodied interactions on-site, resourcing customer-created servicescapes, fostering autonomy, embodying priority and urgency and evoking reflective experiences. These findings reveal that PSE serves as a crucial resource that enables customers to actively shape their service journeys, extending beyond its traditional role as mere tangible proof of service transactions.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by reconceptualizing PSE from a customer-centric perspective, highlighting its role in empowering customers to actively shape their service journeys and activities for value cocreation. By applying the concept of embodied interaction, the study provides new insights into how PSE artifacts, in their mundane forms, significantly influence customer experiences. This study opens new vistas in service research by examining customer interactions from the perspective of embodied interaction. The findings offer practical implications for service providers and designers on how to utilize PSE to enhance customer experiences.

Oral traditions as a fount of ethnomathematical knowledge: A bibliometric analysis of contemporary research trends

This study mapped the contemporary research landscape surrounding “oral traditions as a fount of ethnomathematics knowledge” through a bibliometric analysis employed as a methodological procedure. The main problem addressed in this study is the lack of a comprehensive consideration of evolving research trends and intellectual structure within ethnomathematics, i.e., the role of oral traditions as a source of knowledge. Oral traditions, defined as the cultural knowledge, art, ideas, and practices transmitted verbally across generations, offer a rich repository of ethnomathematical insights. 713 publications were identified from the Dimensions database between 2014 and 2024. This bibliometric analysis focused on identifying key research themes, authors, publishers, keywords, or key terms distributions within the corpus of extracted publications, as well as temporal trends in publication activity and citation patterns. The findings revealed a growing interest in the field, focusing on (a) educational context, (b) cultural studies, and (c) the intersection of mathematics and language. The analysis also identified key research themes, such as (a) the role of language and culture in shaping mathematical thought, (b) the development of ethnomathematical practices, and (c) the pedagogical implications of incorporating ethnomathematics into formal education. Additionally, 11 influential scholars who are driving the field forward were identified. According to the term distribution analysis, of the 6,092 terms, 316 met the threshold (minimum number of occurrences of the term: 6). For each 316 terms, a relevance score has been calculated. Based on this score, the most relevant terms have been selected. The VOSviewer’s default setting (60% of the most relevant terms) resulted in selecting 190 terms. Based on the given criteria, there is a result of 5 distinctive clusters related to the query that emerged. This study provides theoretical insights into the conceptual foundations of ethnomathematics derived from oral traditions and empirical evidence for informing future research directions and pedagogical practices in mathematics education.

Predicting patron satisfaction on library service using machine learning approaches: A case study in Indonesia

ABSTRACT The advancement of information technology has diminished the traditional role of libraries, necessitating modernization to enhance patron satisfaction. This study focuses on predicting patron satisfaction with library services in Indonesia using machine learning models. By examining key factors such as collection, service, infrastructure, building, and staff, the research aims to identify the most significant contributors to patron satisfaction. Various machine learning algorithms, including KNN, Logistic Regression, CART, Random Forest, LightGBM, CatBoost, and XGBoost, were compared to determine their predictive performance. Data from the National Library of Indonesia’s Reading Habit Survey in 2023, encompassing 10,200 respondents, was utilized. The findings reveal that LightGBM achieved the highest accuracy and lowest RMSE, highlighting its efficacy in predicting library patron satisfaction. Key predictors of satisfaction identified include staff, service, and infrastructure. These insights can guide librarians and policymakers in enhancing library services to meet patron needs better. Future work will explore advanced machine learning techniques and expand the study to other public service domains.

ЕКОНОМІКО-ПРАВОВЕ ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ СУЧАСНОГО СТАНУ ГЕНДЕРНОГО ЗАМІЩЕННЯ ТРУДОВОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ

Modern society erases traditional gender boundaries in the professional activities of employees of different levels, statuses, and fields of employment. Professions that were previously considered purely male are now effectively performed by women. This testifies not only to their high qualification and professionalism, but also to the ability to reincarnate for their own benefit and social necessity. In the conditions of Russia’s war against Ukraine, the demand for so-called «male» professions among women has increased significantly. This is due to the need to fill the workforce in strategically important sectors – in defense, industry, transport, construction, etc. The relevance of the study lies in the analysis of the socio-economic consequences of this process and its impact on the gender replacement of labor resources. It is important to assess how the involvement of women in traditionally male professions affects labor productivity, the level of employment and social integration of women in today’s conditions. The study will also contribute to the development of recommendations to support gender equality in the labor market in times of crisis. In general, the study of this topic is a necessary factor influencing the formation of an effective economic and legal policy in Ukraine. The increasing number of cases of women taking up «male» professions has both positive and negative factors. The positives include expanding economic opportunities for women, reducing gender stereotypes, and increasing labor efficiency due to the diversity of the free labor sphere. Negative factors include potential discrimination, physical exertion that is difficult for some women, and social conflicts due to the violation of traditional gender roles. The study of these factors is important for the development of policies aimed at promoting equality in the labor market and ensuring the harmonious coexistence of all workers. This will help create an effective work environment that maximizes the labor resources of all employees, regardless of gender. Key words: profession, gender substitution, labor resources, labor potential, social integration, «male» professions.

Is Fairyland for Everyone? Mapping online discourse on gender debates in Hungary

Abstract Over the past decade, Hungary has become a noteworthy example of democratic backsliding, marked by a pronounced shift towards conservative values and traditional gender roles within government policies. This trend, centred around Christian principles, has manifested in political campaigns actively opposing LGBTQ+ rights and the challenging of normative family structure. The resultant media campaigns and policy implementations have ignited extensive public discourse on gender and sexuality, prominently visible on social media platforms. This study conducts a qualitative analysis of the online discussion surrounding the LGBTQ+ children’s book, Fairyland Is for Everyone, to explore the contemporary gender discourse in Hungary. By examining social media comments under Hungarian online news articles, the research identifies three prevailing discursive lenses—heteronormative familism, neocolonialism, and diversity and inclusion—illustrating both the concurrent rise of anti-gender movements and the fortification of LGBTQ+ allyship in Hungary, while also considering broader transnational trends in LGBTQ+ rights and visibility.

Effect of per Capita Income, GDP Growth, FDI, Sectoral Composition, and Domestic Credit on Employment Patterns in GCC Countries: GMM and OLS Approaches

This paper examines the impact of per capita income, gross domestic product (GDP) growth, foreign direct investment (FDI), sectoral composition, and domestic credit on employment patterns in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries from 2013 to 2023, based on “Okun’s law”. The dynamic data panel was analyzed using the generalized method of moments (GMM) and the ordinary least square (OLS) method. The research findings reveal that the agricultural sector’s contributions have significantly influenced the employment patterns in GCC countries, emphasizing the traditional role of agriculture in creating job opportunities. However, the contribution of the services and industrial sectors has no significant impact on employment patterns. Domestic credit and FDI inflows have significantly influenced employment patterns in GCC countries, underscoring their vital role in sustaining long-term economic stability. Per capita income and GDP growth did not significantly impact the employment pattern in the GCC countries during the study period. This research provides valuable insights to policymakers, highlighting the need to focus on the services and industrial sectors to promote their contribution to employment in GCC countries. The research findings also augment the literature by identifying the key economic indicators contributing to GCC countries’ employment creation.

Exploring the Factors Behind the Rejection of Traditional Gender Roles: A Preliminary Study amongst Gen Zers

Exploring the Factors Behind the Rejection of Traditional Gender Roles: A Preliminary Study amongst Gen Zers

Women Empowerment and its Challenges in Kerala-India: A Perspective of Madzhab al-Shafi'i Islamic Teachings

This paper examines the perspective of Madzhab al-Shafi'i's Islamic teachings on the challenges of women's empowerment in Kerala, India. It discusses the current socio-economic and legal issues affecting women's empowerment, and the impact of traditional gender roles and cultural norms on this progress. The study employs both qualitative and quantitative methods to review related literature and identify the various legal and cultural barriers women in Kerala face in their quest for equal rights and opportunities. Additionally, it includes semi-structured interviews with prominent Islamic scholars, women professionals, and government officials to analyze how Madzhab al-Shafi'i's teachings could address these challenges. The findings indicate that Madzhab al-Shafi'i's teachings have significant potential to transform Kerala's culture of inequality. Furthermore, these teachings could help bridge the gender gap by promoting mutual respect and understanding. In conclusion, the paper offers valuable insights into the dynamics of gender justice in Kerala and the potential of Madzhab al-Shafi'i's teachings to foster a more equal and just society. It suggests that Madzhab al-Shafi'i's writings should be considered when developing strategies to promote and sustain women's empowerment in such contexts.

Exploring Gender Roles Through Video Games Literature: Fostering Critical Thinking in Education

Objectives: This study aims to examine the potential of video games as educational tools to challenge and deconstruct traditional gender roles, particularly in conservative societies where gender norms are rigidly enforced. Theoretical Framework: Grounded in gender studies and critical media analysis, the research explores how video games both reinforce and subvert societal gender stereotypes, offering an innovative avenue for fostering critical thinking and achieving gender equality (SDG 5). Method: The study employs qualitative content analysis of selected video games, alongside a review of pedagogical practices in gender studies. It further considers cultural contexts to address the resistance to integrating video games into educational frameworks. Results and Discussion: Findings reveal that while many video games perpetuate stereotypical portrayals—men as strong heroes and women as passive victims—there exists significant potential to use video games to critically engage students with these representations. The analysis highlights how indirect engagement with such media can provoke reflection and discussions about societal gender norms. Research Implications: The study underscores the need for integrating video games into educational curricula as tools for addressing sensitive cultural topics, providing educators with strategies to navigate resistance while leveraging the medium's unique capacity for critical engagement. Originality/Value: By addressing the underexplored intersection of video games, education, and gender studies, this research contributes to the discourse on innovative pedagogical tools for advancing gender equality in conservative cultural settings.

Research on developing digital accounting in small and medium enterprises in Vietnam

Digital transformation (DX) at the government level has contributed to the digital transformation process in enterprises. Digital transformation of enterprises has paved the way for digital transformation in the accounting sector. The integration of technologies such as big data and cloud computing has helped promote accounting processes to become more efficient, faster and more accurate. This has made accounting processes more flexible, provided valuable financial information through reports and significantly changed the traditional role of the accounting industry (Duyen et al., 2023). Digital transformation in the accounting sector brings two important benefits: changing the way of working to become more efficient and replacing some accounting and auditing tasks with software applications such as accounting software and electronic invoices. This helps accountants spend more time performing tasks that require higher expertise and focus on improving skills and expertise. This article analyzes international trends and experiences in applying digital technology to the field of financial accounting, from which, recommendations for Vietnam to develop the field of financial accounting in the digital age. Accounting is one of the fields affected by the Industrial Revolution 4.0 in general and the trend of digital transformation in particular. Technologies in digital transformation applications help the accounting process to be performed in real time, quickly, anytime, anywhere and more securely; accounting organization in enterprises also becomes more flexible and financial reports provide valuable multi-dimensional information. This article clarifies the role and status of digital transformation in the field of accounting, from which it recommends some solutions to help the accounting field in Vietnam successfully transform digitally in the coming time. Keywords: Trends, Applications, Digital Technology, Digital Accounting, Vietnam.

The category of iterative sets in homotopy type theory and univalent foundations

Abstract When working in homotopy type theory and univalent foundations, the traditional role of the category of sets, $\mathcal{Set}$ , is replaced by the category $\mathcal{hSet}$ of homotopy sets (h-sets); types with h-propositional identity types. Many of the properties of $\mathcal{Set}$ hold for $\mathcal{hSet}$ ((co)completeness, exactness, local cartesian closure, etc.). Notably, however, the univalence axiom implies that $\mathsf{Ob}\,\mathcal{hSet}$ is not itself an h-set, but an h-groupoid. This is expected in univalent foundations, but it is sometimes useful to also have a stricter universe of sets, for example, when constructing internal models of type theory. In this work, we equip the type of iterative sets $\mathsf{V}^0$ , due to Gylterud ((2018). The Journal of Symbolic Logic83 (3) 1132–1146) as a refinement of the pioneering work of Aczel ((1978). Logic Colloquium’77, Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics, vol. 96, Elsevier, 55–66.) on universes of sets in type theory, with the structure of a Tarski universe and show that it satisfies many of the good properties of h-sets. In particular, we organize $\mathsf{V}^0$ into a (non-univalent strict) category and prove that it is locally cartesian closed. This enables us to organize it into a category with families with the structure necessary to model extensional type theory internally in HoTT/UF. We do this in a rather minimal univalent type theory with W-types, in particular we do not rely on any HITs, or other complex extensions of type theory. Furthermore, the construction of $\mathsf{V}^0$ and the model is fully constructive and predicative, while still being very convenient to work with as the decoding from $\mathsf{V}^0$ into h-sets commutes definitionally for all type constructors. Almost all of the paper has been formalized in $\texttt{Agda}$ using the $\texttt{agda}$ - $\texttt{unimath}$ library of univalent mathematics.