Traditional Public Research Articles

Bureaucracies’ Extended Arm in Co-creation: A Study of Institutional Complexity in the Context of Public Services

Co-creation, as a central strategy of the New Public Governance (NPG) paradigm, is deemed essential to address complex societal challenges. A qualitative, in-depth study was conducted to explore collaborative processes between the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV) and three external organizations. The aim of co-creation among these actors was to limit/prevent outsiderness by providing more individualized work inclusion services to young adults facing vulnerabilities. Our study examines collaborative processes between NAV and external actors in work inclusion efforts and explores how institutional complexity within NAV influences the potential for co-creation among these actors. We found that the bureaucratic logic of the Traditional Public Administration (TPA) within NAV forces external actors to engage in challenging, time-consuming procedures, turning them into bureaucracies’ extended arms rather than independent contributors of resources. Additionally, core principles of New Public Management (NPM), such as resource control and optimization, overshadow the importance of shared responsibility, equality, and knowledge sharing (NPG). With NAV as an example, the article demonstrates the importance of effectively managing institutional complexity in public organizations to succeed in co-creation. It contributes empirical and contextual examples of co-creation processes in the public sector, as the co-creation literature is still very theoretical, descriptive, and conceptual.

Accountability as a function of power relationships in public governance networks

AbstractIn public governance, power and accountability are inextricably linked. However, although an integrated exploration of these concepts could enhance our understanding of how governance operates, few studies have examined them together. Drawing on resource dependency theory, we suggest that power relationships within networks shape accountability and have a concomitant impact on the prevailing governance paradigm. Specifically, where principals possess important resources that enable them to exercise power over agents and hold them to account through hierarchical mechanisms, Traditional Public Administration approaches predominate. Where resources are diffused within elite networks in New Public Management contexts, individual actors can exercise greater power to achieve their objectives, and accountability arrangements become increasingly multidirectional and complex. Finally, if resources are shared across society as in the New Public Governance paradigm, actors generate power with each other to achieve shared goals, and accountability relationships are more horizontal with a focus on learning.

The implementation of Public-Private Partnership in China: A sustainable pathway?

The organizational forms of infrastructure in China are divided into two categories, the traditional Public Procurement Model (PUB) model and Public-Private Partnership(PPP) model. The main difference is the separation or binding of the construction and operation phases. A systematic understanding is needed of how Chinese local governments choose between these two models. In this paper, we take public capital congestion and local government objectives as the entry point to study the effects of both on PPP choice. Firstly, by constructing an endogenous economic growth model under the PPP model, and comparing it with the model under the PUB model, this paper initially explains how the rise in public capital congestion affects the choice of the PPP by growth-oriented local governments. Then the data from prefecture-level cities from 2009-2018 are utilized to conduct empirical tests. We find that urban economic growth pressures have a positive effect on the choice of PPP when the congestion of public capital increases. Furthermore, the implementation of PPP is indeed conducive to economic performance, and its core mechanism is to provide more infrastructure (like roads) rather than tax competition. The PPP model is more sustainable. We are the first to employ both modeling approach and the empirical research to address the implementation of Public-Private Partnership in China. And we have systematically analyzed the conditions and results of PPP selection by local governments. It formulates the Chinese PPP theory.

Transition from Traditional Public Administration to Digital Public Administration and Adaptation of Public Administration to Emerging Technologies

Transition from Traditional Public Administration to Digital Public Administration and Adaptation of Public Administration to Emerging Technologies

Developing effective leaders for the civil service: A case study of Bahrain

ABSTRACT The civil service has seen dramatic changes over the last 50 years, symbolized by the shift from Traditional Public Administration, to New Public Management and now New Public Governance. Likewise, the role and nature of people management functions has changed with the development of Strategic HR and Human Resource Development (HRD). Finally, the nature of higher education has changed with a growing emphasis on research impact, knowledge exchange, and industry-academia links such as focusing on employability. In this research we explore the development of the Bahrain Institute for Public Administration’s (BIPA) Master in Public Management (MPM) program. Drawing on extensive fieldwork with students, managers, and stakeholders we identify how this program was established, how students were selected, and the implications of their study on the program for the success of the Bahrain government.

Governance modes, mayoral leadership and transitions to public sector co-creation across Europe

Increasing interest in ‘co-creation’ raises an intriguing question about the role that political leaders can play. This role may have changed as wider models of public governance have evolved from Traditional Public Administration and New Public Management to more collaborative and networked approaches. With growing recognition that local solutions to complex public policy problems are needed, the role of mayors as important political leaders has come into sharp focus, yet few have considered how governance context influences political leadership of co-creation. Drawing on strands of theory on public governance and leadership, we specify how extant governance models can influence political leaders’ attempts to inspire co-creation. We illustrate these proposals by showing how mayors performed leadership to inspire co-creation in two contrasting cases drawn from Roskilde, Denmark, and Ljubljana, Slovenia. We demonstrate, counterintuitively, that an embedded form of TPA that coincided with a hierarchical approach to leadership better supported the adoption of co-creation. Thus, we propose that mayors may resourcefully adapt co-creation to local contexts. Political leaders may find these conclusions insightful for understanding how governance context may impact their co-creation efforts.

Some Aspects of the Historical Connection between Traditional Hydrothermal Public Baths and the Modern Spa Industry

Some Aspects of the Historical Connection between Traditional Hydrothermal Public Baths and the Modern Spa Industry

Beyond the Parameters of “Choice”: An Obliterated Vision for Traditional Public Schooling and the Contamination of the New Orleans Charter Restart Model

Departing from mainstream accounts of the post-Katrina New Orleans state takeover and the more recent “unification” of schools under local governance, this case study utilizes the plantation (Hartman, 1997; Woods, 1998, McKittrick, 2011) as a theoretical device and the silenced archive (Trouillot, 2015) as a method of inquiry to better understand why and how a Black public high school was obliterated. Data analysis indicates that despite the takeover and the damning of John McDonogh Senior High, this school was a lynchpin of struggle for democratic public schooling. Additionally, findings suggest that the charter school movement deployed community engagement, an evolving technology, to obliterate a collective vision that fell beyond the parameters of “choice.” In closing, the article points to an absence of empirical evidence on the all-charter structure, the ever-present use of the city as a laboratory for restructuring efforts elsewhere, and a pressing need for building and sustaining researchers who are accountable to African American communities in New Orleans.

Extreme Measures: A National Descriptive Analysis of Closure and Restructuring of Traditional Public, Charter, and Private Schools

Abstract We describe the levels, trends, and patterns of school closure and restructuring in the United States from 1991 to 2019 across all sectors using a near census of K–12 schools. Focusing on the years with the best available data, 2014–18, we find that the annual closure rate of charter, private, and traditional public schools (TPSs) were 5.1, 2.9, and 0.9 percent, respectively. The annual restructuring rates are 2.0 percent for charter schools and 0.6 percent for TPSs. Regression analysis shows that these differences in closure and restructuring rates by sector drop slightly after controlling for student and school characteristics. The strongest predictor of increased closures is low student enrollment, especially in private schools. In charter and traditional public schools, achievement measures predict closure and restructuring nearly as strongly as enrollment. While racial and income composition are weaker predictors of closure/restructuring, that they predict at all, after controlling for many other factors, raises some equity concerns. We also discuss ways in which the forces behind closure/restructuring may be difficult to uncover with this type of quantitative analysis.

New public management and post-new public management paradigms

Over the past decades there has been a remarkable paradigm shift in Public Administration. Traditional Public Administration was in dire need for a change of a New Public Administration (NPA) approach in the 1980s. From early 2000s, the NPA began to be subjected to heavy criticism, which influenced public administration to take complete control of different reforms and approaches regardless of their diversity, complexity, hybrid and contradictory situations rather than offering the perfect approach and reform to the public sector. The New Public Management (NPM) and Post-New Public Management (Post-NPM) paradigms emerged in times whereby the NPA was already experiencing a massive deconstruction and reconfiguration of the public sector management. To scan and understand the remarkable paradigm shift in the field and practice of public administration, this study applies both NPM and Post-NMP to examine different views, principles, values and norms, and reform proposals for South African Public Administration. Methodologically, this study used qualitative research methods with the aid of secondary data to evaluate both the NPM and post-NPM paradigms, criticisms, arguments, challenges, and changes in public policy implementations. Recommendations are provided based on the existing challenges confronting the current public administration in South Africa. This study contributes to literature, new policy proposals and research within public administration.

A Gap Analysis of the Adoption Maturity of Certificateless Cryptography in Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems

Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITSs) are an important development for society. C-ITSs enhance road safety, improve traffic efficiency, and promote sustainable transportation through interconnected and intelligent communication between vehicles, infrastructure, and traffic-management systems. Many real-world implementations still consider traditional Public Key Infrastructures (PKI) as the underlying trust model and security control. However, there are challenges with the PKI-based security control from a scalability and revocation perspective. Lately, certificateless cryptography has gained research attention, also in conjunction with C-ITSs, making it a new type of security control to be considered. In this study, we use certificateless cryptography as a candidate to investigate factors affecting decisions (not) to adopt new types of security controls, and study its current gaps, key challenges and possible enablers which can influence the industry. We provide a qualitative study with industry specialists in C-ITSs, combined with a literature analysis of the current state of research in certificateless cryptographic in C-ITS. It was found that only 53% of the current certificateless cryptography literature for C-ITSs in 2022–2023 provide laboratory testing of the protocols, and 0% have testing in real-world settings. However, the trend of research output in the field has been increasing linearly since 2016 with more than eight times as many articles in 2022 compared to 2016. Based on our analysis, using a five-phased Innovation-Decision Model, we found that key reasons affecting adoption are: availability of proof-of-concepts, knowledge beyond current best practices, and a strong buy-in from both stakeholders and standardization bodies.

Student-Teacher Ethnoracial Matching at Charter and Traditional Public Schools

ABSTRACT Using classroom-level data from nearly all California schools, we investigate whether Hispanic, Asian, Black, and Native students in grades K-5 are more likely to have a teacher of the same race at charter schools or traditional public schools in 2017-18, what school and student characteristics explain these differences, and how ethnoracial matching rates changed since 2012-13. Hispanic and Black students experience greater rates of ethnoracial matching at charter schools, whereas Asian and Native students experience greater match rates at traditional public schools. Having a same-race principal is a strong predictor of student-teacher ethnoracial match in many models. Since 2012-13, ethnoracial matching increased for Hispanic and Asian students, decreased for Black students, and remained stable for Native students. These findings are important given the benefits of exposure to teachers of the same ethnoracial identity and number of students of color in charter schools.

A Comparative Analysis of Ride-Hailing Apps and Traditional Public Transport in Nigeria Utilizing Transport Operations Management Software (TOMS).

A Comparative Analysis of Ride-Hailing Apps and Traditional Public Transport in Nigeria Utilizing Transport Operations Management Software (TOMS).

A Public Value Strategy for Sustainable Development Goals: Transforming an Existing Organization?

AbstractThe Public Value model is widely discussed in the contemporary public management literature. Despite the growing discourse, few associated publications reflect empirical research. The important question of how public organizations, originally based on traditional public administration models, change to become public value‐orientated is underexplored. We first review the literature on public value, given alternative models of Traditional Public Administration, New Public Management, and Network Governance. We apply a core analytical framework in the public value literature (the ‘strategic triangle’) to an intensive case study of a large national agency that chose a public value strategy. Although staff support for public value (in the form of sustainable development goals) is significant, constraining factors inherited from prior public management models interfere with realizing public value ambitions ‘purely’. The study enhances an understanding of applying the Public Value model in practice by producing insights about barriers and pre‐conditions to such an organizational transition, notably from a wider institutional context. Theoretically, we suggest that the Public Value model has the potential to move to a synergy of elements of existing models in a new configuration. The implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Private Higher Education in India: Challenges and Prospects

India's higher education landscape has significantly transformed over the past few years. Most reforms during this time have significantly impacted the country's rapidly expanding Private Higher Education Institutions (PrHEIs). As a result, this sector has witnessed significant growth in recent years, offering alternative routes for students seeking quality education beyond the traditional Public Higher Education Institutions (PuHEIs). This paper aims to explore the challenges and prospects PrHEIs face in India. The desk research was conducted to review existing literature on the topic. We analysed academic articles, research studies, and reports that discuss the challenges and prospects of private higher education in India. This provides a theoretical framework and a foundation of knowledge on the subject. With over two million students, private HEIs currently make up over 40% of the Indian HE sector. The rising demand for high-quality education has contributed to the tremendous growth of private higher education in India in recent years. Private higher education in India faces several challenges such as Access and Affordability, Quality of Learning and Teaching, Regulatory Barriers, Research and Innovation.Despite these obstacles, private higher education in India has a bright future, with the potential to work with governmental programmes and utilise modern technology. Keywords: Challenges, Prospects, Private Higher Education, India

Literature Review of Public Administration and Good Governance from 1890 to 2023

This article examines public administration from 1890 to 2023 to see how it evolved and influenced practice and if good governance is a crucial component in this transformation. This paper presents an in-depth review of several different pieces of secondary literature sources. This paper produced several key findings. The most important finding of this literature study is that, between 1890 and 1980, the Public Administration transitioned from "Traditional Public Administration" to "New Public Management" due to the growing need for good governance. The year 2000 saw the birth of a novel idea in public administration known as "New Public Governance," which has persisted in practice ever since. This paper will be useful to Public Administration practitioners worldwide. There has been little empirical research into how the evolution of Public Administration encourages governments to act more like private corporations. Consequently, more research on this subject is encouraged.

CD-BCM:Cross-Domain Batch Certificates Management Based On Blockchain

AbstractWith the development of information networks, the entities from different network domains interact with each other more and more frequently. Therefore, identity management and authentication are essential in cross-domain setting. The traditional Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) architecture has some problems, including single point of failure, inefficient certificate revocation status management and also lack of privacy protection, which cannot meet the demand of cross-domain identity authentication. Blockchain is suitable for multi-participant collaboration in multi-trust domain scenarios. In this paper, a cross-domain certificate management scheme CD-BCM based on the consortium blockchain is proposed. For the issue of Certificate Authority’s single point of failure, we design a multi-signature algorithm. In addition, we propose a unified structure for batch certificates verification and conversion, which improve the efficiency of erroneous certificate identification. Finally, by comparing with current related schemes, our scheme achieves good functionality and scalability in the scenario of cross-domain certificate management.

U.S. Traditional Public School Principals’ Sensemaking of Their Role as School Marketers

The purpose of this study was to report how principals describe their role as marketers for their school and examine how these perceptions influence the ways in which principals engage in their daily work. To investigate this phenomenon I conducted 30 interviews with 10 traditional public school principals in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Specifically, I asked: How, if at all, do principals report acting as marketers for their school? and (2) How do marketing-related activities influence principals’ traditionally thought of work? The findings of this work indicate principals believe one of their most pressing responsibilities as school leader is to market their school to parents/guardians and the local community. As a result of this belief, principals spend a significant amount of time engaging in marketing-related tasks such as promoting their school and building a brand that is recognizable to the community.

Public engagement as rhetoric, persuasion as practice

More than two decades ago the Public Engagement with Science and Technology (PEST) paradigm gained influence in the field of science communication, marked by the publication of the third report of the House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology in the year 2000. The approach advocated in the report went beyond the traditional Public Understanding of Science (PUS) paradigm that had focused on sharing scientific knowledge with broader publics via top-down dissemination. It assigned citizens a more active and powerful role vis a vis science, emphasized the need for participatory discourses aiming at a shared understanding with non-scientific publics, and acknowledged both citizens' democratic rights regarding science-related decisions and their potential constructive contributions in the creation of socially relevant knowledge.

Traditional Foods, Globalization, Migration, and Public and Planetary Health: The Case of Tejate, a Maize and Cacao Beverage in Oaxacalifornia

We are in the midst of an unprecedented public and planetary health crisis. A major driver of this crisis is the current nutrition transition—a product of globalization and powerful multinational food corporations promoting industrial agriculture and the consumption of environmentally destructive and unhealthy ultra-processed and other foods. This has led to unhealthy food environments and a pandemic of diet-related noncommunicable diseases, as well as negative impacts on the biophysical environment, biodiversity, climate, and economic equity. Among migrants from the global south to the global north, this nutrition transition is often visible as dietary acculturation. Yet some communities are defying the transition through selective resistance to globalization by recreating their traditional foods in their new home, and seeking crop species and varieties customarily used in their preparation. These communities include Zapotec migrants from the Central Valleys of the southern Mexican state of Oaxaca living in greater Los Angeles, California. Focusing on the traditional and culturally emblematic beverage tejate, we review data from our research and the literature to outline key questions about the role of traditional foods in addressing the public and planetary health crisis. We conclude that to answer these questions, a transnational collaborative research partnership between community members and scientists is needed. This could reorient public and planetary health work to be more equitable, participatory, and effective by supporting a positive role for traditional foods and minimizing their harms.