Traditional Processing Technology Research Articles

Study on Preparation Process of Magnetic Abrasive Particles

Abstract: With the industrial development and improvement of mechanical product quality, the demand of part surface quality and accuracy gets more and more high. As some parts of complex shape, can’t be machined by the traditional processing technology, therefore, the magnetic abrasive technique was proposed. The magnetic abrasive particles play an important role in the magnetic abrasive finishing, it use strong magnetic iron particles and abrasive particles mixed together (called magnetic abrasive). The prepared method of magnetic abrasive one of is sintering method, the aim is to change the internal structure of abrasive particles, make the abrasive particles is distributed on the surface of magnetic iron particles, get a kind of magnetic abrasive, which can be magnetized in a magnetic field and improve processing efficiency and surface quality in magnetic abrasive finishing. In this paper, sintering method is used to make iron particles, abrasive particles mixed with some binder, after suppression, drying, sintering, cooling, break up and sieving, analysis surface morphology and composition of the magnetic abrasive particles by scanning electron microscopy, discusses the effect of the abrasive particles size ratio, sintering time, sintering temperature for the finishing performs, the preparation process of the magnetic abrasive has been optimized, work out the standard of preparation of the magnetic abrasive process

Progress of TiO<sub>2</sub> Photocatalytic Oxidation Technology in Algae Removal

In this paper, the development in the degradation of microcystic toxins and algae removal by TiO2photocatalysts is reviewed, analyzing the prospect and pinpointing the key factor of the technology. TiO2, which is insoluble, nontoxic, inexpensive and catalyst-efficient, shows good chemical inertness. For the degradation of microcystic toxins and algae removal, TiO2 photocatalysts is superior to the traditional processing technology and method, contributing a lot to environmental protection.

Influence of addition of green tea and green coffee extracts on the properties of fine yeast pastry fried products

This study investigated the influence of antioxidants of green tea aqueous extract (GTE) and green coffee aqueous extract (GCE) in concentrations of 0.25, 0.5 and 1g·100g−1 on the nutritional properties of fine yeast pastry fried products such as donuts. Yeast donuts were made according to the traditional processing technology. In fried donuts physical properties (water activity, pH, hardness and color with the use of instrumental methods) as well as sensory properties were established. Moreover, quality of fat extracted from donuts (composition of fatty acids and peroxide value), content of acrylamide, composition of polyphenols and antioxidant activity were analyzed. Obtained extracts of GTE and GCE contained 26 and 41% of polyphenols, respectively, and the degree of polyphenol degradation during production of donuts was less when the dilution in dough was greater. Both tests indicated that the highest antioxidant activity had donuts with the highest analyzed addition of extract, however depending on the applied test or GTE or GCE had better antioxidant properties. Fatty acid composition was the most beneficial when the addition of GTE and GCE was on a level of 0.25 and 0.5g·100g−1, respectively. In fried donuts relatively low amounts of acrylamide were obtained, amounting to 18–46μg·kg−1. Only the lowest addition of GTE and the highest addition of GCE caused an increase of acrylamide content in donuts, while all other levels of added extracts caused a decrease in the content of formed acrylamide.

An environmental life cycle assessment comparison of single-use and conventional process technology for the production of monoclonal antibodies

Abstract Many biopharmaceutical companies have replaced or are planning to replace traditional multi-use facilities (fixed-in-place stainless-steel fermenters, tanks, downstream equipment, and associated piping) with single-use systems to improve flexibility and cost. This article will describe a recently-completed comparative study of the environmental impacts of producing monoclonal antibodies using either single use or traditional process technology. The study was performed using Life cycle assessment methodology in which environmental impacts across the entire life cycle of each process component, from materials extraction and refining through component manufacturing, packaging, distribution, use, and disposal at end-of life are all considered. The assessment looked at the production of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) over a 10-batch campaign at three production scales chosen to reflect the clinical phase, scale-up phase, and production phase. The entire process trains were modeled including upstream and downstream processes from N-2 seed fermentation through product purification. Inventory data were derived mainly from Biopharm Services Ltd., developer of BioSolve, an industry standard bioprocess model that includes standard benchmark operations and costs that can be used to build any process including those for manufacture of mAbs, vaccines and bacterial based products. The results of this study indicate that the single-use process train exhibited lower environmental impacts compared to the traditional fixed-in-place process train in each environmental impact category studied. This is primarily due to a reduced need for the energy intensive water-for-injection, process water and clean steam that are required to perform cleaning and sterilization between batches for traditional fixed-in-place equipment.

The Application of Workflow Technology in Office Automation System

Office Automation (OA) means office and management automated. OA is a comprehensive technique. It contains the computer technology, communication technique, the system science, behavior science, and so on. It can deal with massive, indefinite tasks which traditional data processing technology may do difficultly. By each enterprises and institutions, all branches of government have different business and functions, so the market demands of OAS are also differences. The general structure of the OA and the system has been designed by analyzing the workflow model in COAS. It enables dynamic tracking business process.

Headspace fingerprinting as an untargeted approach to compare novel and traditional processing technologies: A case-study on orange juice pasteurisation

As a rule, previous studies have generally addressed the comparison of novel and traditional processing technologies by a targeted approach, in the sense that only the impact on specific quality attributes is investigated. By contrast, this work focused on an untargeted strategy, in order to take into account unexpected and unintended effects of (novel) processing, and to possibly uncover unknown compounds resulting from alternative processing. The potential of headspace GC-MS fingerprinting was explored as a tool to compare the impact of thermal, high pressure (HP) and pulsed electric field (PEF) processing for mild pasteurisation of orange juice. This study demonstrated that when processing conditions are selected based on equivalent microbial safety, the impact of heat, HP and PEF pasteurisation on the volatile profile of orange juice can be considered comparable. During refrigerated storage, however, indirect impact differences were revealed, which were attributed to differences in degree of enzyme inactivation.

Research on Punching and Hot-Pressing Process and Related Mechanism for Easy Tear Lid

In traditional processing technology for easy tear lid, punching and hot-pressing are separated. They are finished by different mechanisms. There are some producing problems because of separated processing stages. In order to solve the problems, an innovated processing technology and the related mechanism for easy tear lid's forming are proposed in this paper. The new processing technology combines punching with hot-pressing; it can raise the rate of production. The related mechanism not only assures the accuracy of the lid’s forming, but also simplifies the structure of forming machine, making overall arrangement of machine become more reasonable.

Application of information processing technology on non-destructive detecting of rock bolts

The parameters such as the length of rock bolts, anchorage length, free length or construction defects (e.g., the position of less density in anchorage body) are important to evaluate the quality of rock bolts. Because of the harsh environment, the measured signal includes many kinds of noise, which have a great effect to the signal. It is difficult to detect the signal effectively by traditional information processing technology, and therefore the new information processing technology based on non-destructive detecting is provided. The steps are as follows: first, excite rock bolts using pseudo-random signal, then acquire the reflection signal and transmit to a computer, and remove the reflection signal noise using the Hilbert-Huang transform method and extract the characteristic value, finally, calculate the parameters of rock bolts using cross-correlation method and complete detection of rock bolts. Experimental results show that the effect of the above detection method is better than traditional correlation method.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF POLARIZATION-SPACE-TIME THREE-DOMAIN JOINT PROCESSING FOR CLUTTER SUPPRESSION IN AIRBORNE RADAR

An optimum polarization-space-time joint domain pro- cessing (PST-JDP) technique is proposed for clutter suppression which adequately adopts the three-domain information including the polar- ization, space and Doppler frequency information of the radar echo. The study shows that the polarization information together with the space and Doppler frequency information are efiective to signiflcantly enhance the clutter suppression performance for airborne radar. Sev- eral new techniques, (i.e., the covariance matrix eigendecomposition, the spectral analysis and the resolution grid method), are utilized for deriving the performance of the optimum PST-JDP. The main factors which afiect on the performance of clutter rejection are the clutter degree of polarization, statistical distance of polarization between tar- get and clutter, Doppler frequency of target and input clutter-to-noise ratio. The new optimum PST-JDP method outperforms signiflcantly the traditional optimum space-time processing technology, especially in the case of the slowly or tangentially moving target. The simulation verifles the correctness and e-ciency of the model.

Study on method of Corydalis yanhusuo producing and concocting integration processing

To establish integration processing method for pretreating and vinegar producing Corydalis yanhusuo. Different processing methods were contrasted with the traditional processing technology, and contents of corydalis B, water extract and ethanol extract in samples of different processing products were determined. The content of corydalis B were best in the samples of vacuumizing C. yanhusuo chips scaked in rice vinegar for twice or soaked in rice vinegar after chip drying. The water extract was highest in the samples of chip soaked in rice vinegar after drying, followed with chip vacuumizing twice, and there were no remarkable difference between the other samples and the traditional process. The difference of ethanol extract was not remarkable in all the samples. The study provide the feasibility of C. yanhusuo producing and concocting integration processing.

Large-scale integration of single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene into sensors and devices using dielectrophoresis: A review

Abstract

Viral Inactivation in Foods: A Review of Traditional and Novel Food-Processing Technologies.

Over one-half of foodborne illnesses are believed to be viral in origin. The ability of viruses to persist in the environment and foods, coupled with low infectious doses, allows even a small amount of contamination to cause serious problems. An increased incidence of foodborne illnesses and consumer demand for fresh, convenient, and safe foods have prompted research into alternative food-processing technologies. This review focuses on viral inactivation by both traditional processing technologies such as use of antimicrobial agents and the application of heat, and also novel processing technologies including high-pressure processing, ultraviolet- and gamma-irradiation, and pulsed electric fields. These industrially applicable control measures will be discussed in relation to the 2 most common causes of foodborne viral illnesses, hepatitis A virus and human noroviruses. Other enteric viruses, including adenoviruses, rotaviruses, aichi virus, and laboratory and industrial viral surrogates such as feline caliciviruses, murine noroviruses, bacteriophage MS2 and ΦX174, and virus-like particles are also discussed. The basis of each technology, inactivation efficacy, proposed mechanisms of viral inactivation, factors affecting viral inactivation, and applicability to the food industry with a focus on ready-to-eat foods, produce, and shellfish, are all featured in this review.

Environmental impact of novel thermal and non-thermal technologies in food processing

Abstract During the last 25 years, consumer demands for more convenient and varied food products have grown exponentially, together with the need for faster production rates, improved quality and extension in shelf life. These requests together with the severity of the traditional food processing technologies were driving forces for improvements in existing technologies and for the development of new food preservation technologies. Therefore, many technological developments have been directed towards unit operations such as pasteurization, sterilization, cooking and drying, and currently the new technological approaches for food preservation are serious candidates to replace the traditional well-established preservation processes. The aim of this review is to discuss the environmental impact that some of the most promising novel food preservation technologies may represent in terms of energy efficiency, water savings and reduced emissions. The emergence of novel thermal and non-thermal technologies allows producing high quality products with improvements in terms of heating efficiency and, consequently, in energy savings. Most of these technologies are locally clean processes and therefore appear to be more environment-friendly, having less environmental impact than the traditional ones. Novel processing technologies are increasingly attracting the attention of food processors once they can provide food products with improved quality and a reduced environmental footprint, while reducing processing costs and improving the added-value of the products.

Food Safety Engineering: An Emergent Perspective

In general, food engineers are trained to solve engineering problems in the food industry. More specifically, the food engineer must specify the functional requirements, design, and testing of food products, and finally, the evaluation of products to check for overall efficiency, cost, reliability, and most importantly, safety. Food safety must be considered foremost as the overall engineering problem encountered in the food supply chain, and it must be solved from a food safety engineering perspective. This article will show that the food safety engineering perspective is needed in order to produce high quality food products (minimally processed) that are both safe and secure. This multi-disciplinary approach will involve certain engineering components: (i) predictive microbiology as a tool to evaluate and improve food safety in traditional and new processing technologies, (ii) advanced food contaminants detection methods, (iii) advanced processing technologies, (iv) advanced systems for re-contamination control, (v) advanced systems for active and intelligent packaging.

Pectins in Processed Fruit and Vegetables: Part I—Stability and Catalytic Activity of Pectinases

ABSTRACT: Pectinases catalyze numerous pectin conversion reactions strongly impacting on the quality of fruits, vegetables, and the related intermediate and end products. The effect of processing on the stability and catalytic activity of pectinases is of prime importance to food processors since desirable and/or deleterious reactions can be tailored (accelerated or inhibited) meeting specific quality targets. Of the multiple endogenous enzymes involved in the modification and degradation of pectin, pectinmethylesterase (PME), and polygalacturonase (PG) have been widely investigated in the context of fruit and vegetable processing. This review covers the stability and catalytic activity of endogenous plant PME and PG including the quantitative approaches applied in inactivating and/or boosting the catalytic activity of the enzymes in purified and real food systems. This will be discussed in the context of both traditional and novel food processing technologies.

Towards building large scale live media streaming framework for a U-city

This paper proposes camera and media stream management techniques at the middleware level for implementing a U-City (ubiquitous city). The study focuses on overcoming the difficulties associated with developing middleware capable of processing and streaming multimedia data from a large number of cameras by expanding the traditional media processing technology. The content of the study can be classified into two main categories: One is a camera array management technique that involves the middleware-level framework and protocol for managing the camera array. The other is the media stream management technique for effective delivery management and processing of the multimedia streams from the camera array.

The Influence of Substrate Enhancement on Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Performance for Green PBGA Packages

As the electronics industry migrates to the lead- and halogen-free (green) packages, many of the materials used in plastic ball-grid array (PBGA) substrates, in particular the molding compounds and die attaches, will have to be improved. The moisture sensitivity level (MSL) performance of the large nongreen PBGA packages are typically reduced by at least one JEDEC/IPC level at the lead-free reflow temperature of 260degC. Common failure mechanisms of traditional large size PBGA packages include popcorning, as well as delamination and cracks between the solder mask/copper interface in the multiple layer substrates. In this paper, the interfacial adhesion of traditional and advanced substrate materials and processing technologies are presented based on reliability tests of various PBGA packages subject to moisture soaking followed by reflow soldering at 260degC. It was found that substrate failures with delamination at the solder mask/copper interface were dramatically improved by introducing advanced materials and processes for multiple-layer substrates. However, the partial or full delamination at the mold compound/solder mask interface could still be observed after lead-free reflow soldering. There is an urgent need to improve the adhesion between mold compound/solder mask in order to achieve high MSL performance of large size and green PBGA packages

Economics of alternative palm oil processing technologies in Imo State

This study was designed to analyse the costs and returns of alternative palm oil processing techniques in Imo State. Data were collected with structured questionnaire from 120 randomly selected palm oil processors, and analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that there was a significant difference in the net returns of palm oil processors using traditional and hydraulic processing technologies. Farm size, producer price and palm oil output positively and significantly influenced net returns, while costs of marketing, harvesting, and processing as well as season of processing negatively and significantly influenced the net returns of both traditional and hydraulic technologies users. Palm oil output is positively related to processing stage, capital inputs, variety of palm fruit, and harvesting time, and negatively related to mandays of labour and processing technology used. Output of Palm oil and consequently net returns would increase if palm oil processors retain or increase the level of use of factors which positively influence output and reduce the level of use of factors that negatively influence output.Keywords: economics, palm oil processing, technologiesJournal of Technology and Education in Nigeria Vol. 9(2) 2004: 56-64

Towards a definitional model of business process technology

This paper develops a definitional model of the role played by various forms of technology in a range of business processes. The model draws upon and refines established knowledge of traditional (i.e. manufacturing) process technologies while at the same time engaging with the similarities and differences associated with service and information/inter-connection technologies. It uses five case studies to examine the key elements of business process technology (BPT) based on the conventional input-transformation-output model used extensively in the operations management literature. Explicitly, the definition of business process technology (BPT) is based on a discussion of its competitive impact and the types of transformation process it is applied to. A web-based retailing service is then analysed using the model and the paper concludes with a discussion of its practical and theoretical implications.

Zinc solvent extraction in the process industries

The global zinc industry is currently experiencing unprecedented interest in new developments and expansions. While most of the new projects and plant upgrades remain committed to traditional processing technologies, recent advances in zinc solvent extraction have created opportunities for new process routes in the treatment of both primary ore and secondary materials. The production of special high-grade zinc from the complex Skorpion ore, previously considered untreatable, will be the first commercial application of zinc solvent extraction for the mainstream processing of primary ore. This mine-to-metal project promises to become one of the lowest-cost zinc producers. Solvent extraction is also under consideration for several other oxide and sulfide projects in various stages of feasibility. With respect to the processing of secondary materials, new applications of zinc solvent extraction have proved advantageous for the treatment of zinc residues and furnace dust. In contrast to the zinc industry itself, zinc solvent extraction is well established in the refining of other base metals, providing an efficient means of eliminating zinc as an impurity element. Many applications have been for cobalt and nickel refinery operations. More recently, larger-scale applications have been for primary operations, where refined copper, cobalt, and nickel are produced at the mine site. Previously regarded as a waste product in such operations, interest is now being shown in recovering zinc as a valuable by-product in selected flowsheets. The industrial application of zinc solvent extraction is reviewed in this paper. The reagents used for the selective extraction of zinc are discussed to provide the basic rationale for the choice of this separation technique. An historical perspective is given by brief discussions of some early applications. The review then focuses on recent installations and projects under development where zinc solvent extraction features as the key separation step.